海翼水下滑翔机测流应用

水下滑翔机其通过集成生物、化学、物理传感器可以测量如温度、盐度、溶解氧等多种海洋基础水文要素,其利用卫星定位系统获得实际出水速度和理论出水模型获得理论出水速度之差可以计算深度平均流,。本文利用海翼水下滑翔机获得温盐场及卫星定位数据评估深度平均流,结果显示利用温盐场获得深度平均地转流与水下滑翔机获得深度平均流相关系数0.95,表明其流场的一致性,同时根据船载观测ADCP误差分析法估算深度平均流误差约为0.036 m/s。借助深度平均流可以估算绝对地转流,包括正压地转流和斜压地转流。在零动力面的假设下,我们选取了海翼号水下滑翔机在南海的一组实验对流量误差进行了评估。该实验为2019年1月3日-2月16日海翼号水下滑翔机自南向北穿越西沙群岛附近一个中尺度涡观测。观测结果表明,该中尺度涡为冷涡流核,在涡心以南,绝对地转流为东向流,最大流速约为0.48 m/s;涡心以北,绝对地转流为西向流,最大流速约为0.47 m/s,稍弱于南侧。受不均匀时空观测计划影响,本文未对流量做出估计。     

Airborne Gradiometry Error Analysis

Gravity gradiometry is one of the older methods of determining the Earth’s local gravitational field, but lies in the shadow of more conventional static and moving-base gravimeter-based systems. While the static torsion balance appears to have been relegated to the museum, support for the airborne and space-borne differential accelerometer (gradiometer) continues so as to overcome limitations in spatial resolution and accuracy inherent in ordinary moving-base gravimetry. One airborne system exists, building on 30 year old technology concepts, and new technologies (e.g., cold-atom interferometry) promise significant improvements. Concomitant advances are required to measure accurately the angular velocity and angular acceleration of the platform, which inseparably combine (in an absolute sense) with the Earth’s gravitational gradients. A numerical analysis of instrument errors, with simulated aircraft dynamics, shows that navigation-grade gyros are just sufficient to account for these effects in gradiometers with 1E/ sensitivity. More accurate instruments, with 0.1 E/ sensitivity, require commensurate sensitivity in the gyros, of the order of 0.01°/h/ = 1.5\times10^{−4 °} \ for typical survey aircraft dynamics. On the other hand, typical orientation errors in the platform, which are problematic for vector gravimetry, are much less of a concern in gradiometry. They couple to the gradient signals and affect only the very low frequencies of the total gradient error.     

Diagnosing SST Error Growth during ENSO Developing Phase in the BCC_CSM1.1(m) Prediction System

In this study, the predictability of the El Nino-South Oscillation(ENSO) in an operational prediction model from the perspective of initial errors is diagnosed using the seasonal hindcasts of the Beijing Climate Center System Model,BCC;SM1.1(m). Forecast skills during the different ENSO phases are analyzed and it is shown that the ENSO forecasts appear to be more challenging during the developing phase, compared to the decay phase. During ENSO development, the SST prediction errors are significantly negative and cover a large area in the central and eastern tropical Pacific, thus limiting the model skill in predicting the intensity of El Nino. The large-scale SST errors, at their early stage, are generated gradually in terms of negative anomalies in the subsurface ocean temperature over the central-western equatorial Pacific,featuring an error evolutionary process similar to that of El Nino decay and the transition to the La Nina growth phase.Meanwhile, for short lead-time ENSO predictions, the initial wind errors begin to play an increasing role, particularly in linking with the subsurface heat content errors in the central-western Pacific. By comparing the multiple samples of initial fields in the model, it is clearly found that poor SST predictions of the Nino-3.4 region are largely due to contributions of the initial errors in certain specific locations in the tropical Pacific. This demonstrates that those sensitive areas for initial fields in ENSO prediction are fairly consistent in both previous ideal experiments and our operational predictions,indicating the need for targeted observations to further improve operational forecasts of ENSO.     

一种改进的SAR图像聚焦算法

针对现有的相位梯度自聚焦(phase gradient autofocus,PGA)算法的加窗方法和特显点选取所存在的问题,提出一种改进的PGA算法。该算法提出一种新的确定相位误差点扩展函数支撑域的方法,此方法计算方位向上能量分布的平均值作为支撑域外的平均能量,以此来确定加窗的宽度。基于这种自适应加窗方法,还提出一种改进的特显点选取方法,该方法能够选择信杂比大的特显点,去掉信杂比小的特显点。试验结果表明,与传统的加窗方法和特显点选取方法相比,该方法能够得到更好的聚焦效果。     

利用早期小比例尺航片制作大比例尺数字产品的精度控制

针对利用早期小比例尺航片制作大比例尺数字产品的技术难题,以1∶60 000航片编绘1∶10 000地形图为例探讨精度控制的技术方法。本文对数字产品进行了平面、高程和相邻地物点间距中误差检验,证明了利用早期小比例尺航片制作大比例尺数字产品制图精度满足规范要求。     

双测站式悬高测量方法的探讨

结合实际工程探讨两种双测站式悬高测量方法,并对其计算原理及测量误差进行分析,解决实际工程中目标天底无法置镜和两次照准目标不统一的问题。     

地铁盾构隧道各阶段平面控制测量的限差分配

结合＂城市轨道交通工程测量规范＂中的相关技术要求,从理论上分析盾构隧道横向贯通误差的主要来源及各阶段平面控制测量误差限值的合理分配,并针对盾构法施工地铁隧道的特点,探讨长大盾构区间地面平面控制点的布设原则及限值的优化配赋。     

浅谈RTK技术在地籍测量中的应用

RTK技术以其精度和自动化程度都比较高的优势,成为地籍测量中的重要技术手段之一。针对地籍测量的要求,从经济、精度、效率各方面探讨RTK技术在地籍测量中的应用问题,提出切实可行的技术方案。探讨了RTK技术用于地籍碎部测量的可行性,分析了各种误差的来源及对定位精度的影响,提出有效的减弱或消除措施。     

GPS接收机基于奇偶矢量的RAIM算法研究

RAIM是指用户接收机利用多余观测量为定位解自主地提供完善性监测,其基本功能包括故障检测（FD）及故障排除（FE）两个部分。文中对基于奇偶矢量法的GPS接收机自主完善性监测（RAIM）算法进行分析与研究,并以具体数据为例,对该算法进行验证分析。     

ADS 80数码航摄系统应用及精度探讨

以项目部分区域为实例,通过项目工作流程及分阶段作业细节、进度状况、精度指标等的统计,阐述了使用ADS 80数码航摄系统,用少量像控点就可进行加密和测图,大大减少了外业控制测量工作及成本,成果满足大比例地形图精度要求,并能快速提高生产进度,缩短成图周期。