全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2822篇 |
免费 | 301篇 |
国内免费 | 407篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 1337篇 |
大气科学 | 573篇 |
地球物理 | 410篇 |
地质学 | 424篇 |
海洋学 | 261篇 |
天文学 | 68篇 |
综合类 | 317篇 |
自然地理 | 140篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 9篇 |
2023年 | 32篇 |
2022年 | 44篇 |
2021年 | 84篇 |
2020年 | 100篇 |
2019年 | 122篇 |
2018年 | 73篇 |
2017年 | 122篇 |
2016年 | 149篇 |
2015年 | 160篇 |
2014年 | 167篇 |
2013年 | 215篇 |
2012年 | 197篇 |
2011年 | 216篇 |
2010年 | 160篇 |
2009年 | 179篇 |
2008年 | 164篇 |
2007年 | 186篇 |
2006年 | 177篇 |
2005年 | 135篇 |
2004年 | 111篇 |
2003年 | 84篇 |
2002年 | 80篇 |
2001年 | 69篇 |
2000年 | 43篇 |
1999年 | 45篇 |
1998年 | 83篇 |
1997年 | 50篇 |
1996年 | 53篇 |
1995年 | 36篇 |
1994年 | 36篇 |
1993年 | 26篇 |
1992年 | 26篇 |
1991年 | 15篇 |
1990年 | 20篇 |
1989年 | 20篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3530条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Some theory problems affecting parameter estimation are discussed in this paper. Influence and transformation between errors of stochastic and functional models is pointed out as well. For choosing the best adjustment model, a formula, which is different from the literatures existing methods, for estimating and identifying the model error, is proposed. On the basis of the proposed formula, an effective approach of selecting the best model of adjustment system is given. 相似文献
62.
The problem of separating gravitation from inertia is discussed in very general sense, and the conclusion is positive: man can separate gravitation from inertia, if various observation techniques are applied for. The accelerometer’s position problem in satellite gravimetry is investigated, and the additional acceleration effect due to the position error of an instrument as well as the difference between the mass center and the gravity center is explored. 相似文献
63.
Remote sensing techniques are specially suitable to detect and to map areas affected by forest fires. In this work, Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data has been used to study a number of forest fires that occurred in the province of Valencia (Spain) and to monitor the vegetation regeneration over burnt areas. A reference area (non‐burnt forest) was established to assess the change produced by fire. The radiance in the thermal band (10.4–12.5 μm) and the normalized difference in reflectance between near 1R (0.76–0.90 μm) and middle IR (2.08–2.35 μm) were the most suitable parameters to map burnt areas. This index can also be used for monitoring vegetation regeneration in burnt areas. About a month after the fire, the burns show temperatures of 5–6 °C higher than those found in the reference area, and the vegetation index shows negative values whereas the reference area values remain positive. The differences between the burns and the reference area for the vegetation index decrease with time as vegetation regenerates. 相似文献
64.
In this study, an evaluation of fuzzy-based classifiers for specific crop identification using multi-spectral temporal data spanning over one growing season has been carried out. The temporal data sets have been georeferenced with 0.3 pixel rms error. Temporal information of cotton crop has been incorporated through the following five indices: simple ratio (SR), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), transformed normalized difference vegetation index (TNDVI), soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) and triangular vegetation index (TVI), to study the effect of indices on classified output. For this purpose, a comparative study between two fuzzy-based soft classification approaches, possibilistic c-means (PCM) and noise classifier (NC), was undertaken. In this study, advanced wide field sensor (AWiFS) data for soft classification and linear imaging self scanner sensor (LISS III) data for soft testing purpose from Resourcesat-1 (IRS-P6) satellite were used. It has been observed that NC fuzzy classifier using TNDVI temporal index – dataset 2, which comprises four temporal images performs better than PCM classifier giving highest fuzzy overall accuracy of 96.03%. 相似文献
65.
66.
为揭示我国SRTM3DEM数据高程精度质量,结合已开展过SRTM3DEM高程精度质量评价工作的局部地区的研究,考虑空间分布情况,选取新疆、辽宁、山东、浙江、海南5个地区的平原、丘陵、盆地、山地等地形区域作为典型研究区,并以1∶5万DEM为假定真值、以1∶25万DEM为参照,通过DEM面误差可视化分析、DEM面误差信息熵模型、中误差模型等方法对SRTM3DEM数据高程精度质量做了分析。计算结果表明我国SRTM3DEM数据高程精度质量受地形影响并存在一定的空间差异性,同时我国范围内SRTM3DEM数据高程精度质量整体上要高于1∶25万DEM。 相似文献
67.
提出了一种基于地形变化长波项与短波项相结合的残余误差综合削弱方法。实验验证了该方法的有效性。 相似文献
68.
介绍了GPS测量的各种主要误差源及其影响;对精度控制问题,主要接收机精度对小型控制网(基线长10—20km)精度的影响。 相似文献
69.
研究小波变换在变形监测数据中探测与修复粗差的应用问题,实例分析证明:借助小波的多分辨率分析和数理统计的知识,能有效地探测出粗差,并通过对高频系数模极大值点的插值处理,结合小波重构等理论有效地修复粗差,为进一步进行变形分析与预报提供可靠保证。 相似文献
70.
Up to now there is no specification about the allowance of lateral breakthrough error for super long tunnel from 20 km to 50 km. On the basis of the design of GPS networks located outside and inside tunnel traverse network, we propose a method for calculating the influence value caused by control surveying errors. Through a lot of simulative calculations and combination with piercing practice of super tunnels in Wan Jiazai Project, Shanxi province, we present an allowance table of lateral breakthrough error for super long tunnels from 20 km to 50 km. 相似文献