闹德海水库水环境氮磷容量预测及防治对策

为保障饮用水源地闹德海水库的水质安全,通过选取不同氮磷允许负荷量的测算模式进行综合分析。结果表明:闹德海水库实际负荷量总氮为139.98 t/a、总磷为28.28 t/a,目前已处于中—富营养化状态;水库若要达到贫—中营养化状态,应削减总氮129.96 t/a,总磷27.27 t/a。为此,从发展农业节水、综合防治化肥、农药、畜禽养殖业污染及治理水土流失等方面提出了科学的污染防治思路及削减对策。     

地磁加卸载响应比方法应用初探

以新疆地磁观测资料为基础，采用加卸载响应比方法进行回顾性研究发现，若响应比值P（Z）≥4.1，则在喀什周边地区有可能与1－11个月以后的地震有较好的对应。响应比值一般在震前1－11个月出现最大异常，个别地震在震前几天或发震同日出现；并且高响应比值对应的地震震级相对较高。乌鲁木齐的地磁响应比值异常并不意味着一定有中强地震对应，它主要反映了构造应力的变化。     

基于空间ETL实现VCT数据交换共享

本文在外部数据交换基础上,提出基于空间ETL的数据交换共享方式。采用VCT格式作为统一的数据交换格式,结合ETL数据流动的思想,对数据进行处理。本文以Geodatabase到VCT的相互转换为例,采用ArcGIS组件开发,从而实现GIS空间数据的交换共享。     

Geodetic measurement of the local elastic response to the changing mass of water in Lago Laja, Chile

A geodetic station (ANTC) built in bedrock in southern Chile is undergoing non-steady vertical motion within a range of nearly 50 mm. These fluctuations are dominated by the earth’s local elastic response to the changing weight of water in a reservoir located about 20 km away. There is also an annual periodic component of motion that is attributed to global and regional patterns of loading, as well as a steady tectonic signal. The local loading response constrains the average elastic structure of the area, and implies a stiffness that falls near the lower end of the range observed in rock samples.     

OSTERBERG测桩法模型试验研究

本文介绍了桩基原位测试的新方法──Ｏｓｔｅｒｂｅｒｇ测桩法。作者研制了Ｏｓｔｅｒｂｅｒｇ测桩法室内模型试验设备，并进行了室内模型试验研究。试验的初步结果显示，用Ｏｓｔｅｒｂｅｒｇ测桩法来取代传统的静载荷试验用于确定单桩承载力是可能的，其前景十分光明。     

湖相沉积岩中的同生变形构造及其地质意义

本文以渤海湾周缘地区的东濮凹陷下第三系沙三沙四段湖相沉积岩中出现的同生变形构造为例,讨论其命名、分类、主要类型、形成机理及其在分析古沉积环境、古地理和古构造等方面的意义。这项讨论为研究陆相含油气盆地的同生变形构造提供了对比依据。     

木构架承重-空斗墙围护民居抗震加固振动台试验研究

木构架承重-空斗墙围护民居大量分布在我国南方农村地区,该类民居整体性较差,历次地震中该类民居破坏较严重。采取高延性混凝土ECC面层加固围护空斗墙,扁钢、角钢及薄钢板增强木构架节点,穿墙钢筋捆绑木构架与围护墙体等加固措施。设计了1/2缩尺模型进行振动台试验,通过调整输入地震波峰值加速度来考虑不同水准地震烈度,分析了围护空斗墙损伤,探讨了模型频率与阻尼比变化特性,对比了围护空斗墙体与木构架加速度放大系数和位移包络值,并验证了二者在地震中的变形协调性。试验结果表明:（1）围护墙体仅在外侧出现明显裂缝,内侧ECC面层与墙体始终未脱离且未出现裂缝,围护墙整体性仍可得到一定保障;（2）木构架与钢加固件连接部位仅发生轻微破坏,木构架没有出现明显损伤;（3）木构架与围护墙体之间出现滑移,整体上二者协同抗震变形性能良好。该系列措施的加固效果较理想,适用于该类民居的抗震加固。     

Incorporating variable source area hydrology into a curve-number-based watershed model

Many water quality models use some form of the curve number (CN) equation developed by the Soil Conservation Service (SCS; U.S. Depart of Agriculture) to predict storm runoff from watersheds based on an infiltration-excess response to rainfall. However, in humid, well-vegetated areas with shallow soils, such as in the northeastern USA, the predominant runoff generating mechanism is saturation-excess on variable source areas (VSAs). We reconceptualized the SCS–CN equation for VSAs, and incorporated it into the General Watershed Loading Function (GWLF) model. The new version of GWLF, named the Variable Source Loading Function (VSLF) model, simulates the watershed runoff response to rainfall using the standard SCS–CN equation, but spatially distributes the runoff response according to a soil wetness index. We spatially validated VSLF runoff predictions and compared VSLF to GWLF for a subwatershed of the New York City Water Supply System. The spatial distribution of runoff from VSLF is more physically realistic than the estimates from GWLF. This has important consequences for water quality modeling, and for the use of models to evaluate and guide watershed management, because correctly predicting the coincidence of runoff generation and pollutant sources is critical to simulating non-point source (NPS) pollution transported by runoff. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Inclined loading capacity of suction piles in sand

A series of centrifuge model tests have been conducted on a model suction pile embedded in sand to evaluate its inclined pull-out loading capacity. This paper describes the centrifuge model tests, the analytical solution, and comparisons between the centrifuge model test results and the analytical predictions of the pull-out capacities of the suction pile under inclined loads. The main variables of the study are the load inclination angle and the point of mooring line attachment which varies from the top to the bottom of the suction pile’s side surface. Effects of these two parameters on the suction pile inclined pull-out loading capacity are described.     

Stress effects on the relative permeabilities of tight sandstones

This note deals with the study of stress-sensitive relative permeability experimentally observed in low permeable sandstones. These sandstones are made up of quartz grains surrounded by permeable interfaces between grains and pores. A micromechanical model of relative permeability behaviour under loading highlights the role of the closure of interfaces. Morphological models adapted to permeable sandstones show conversely that the relative permeabilities do not depend on the loading.