VLBI相位校正信号提取的软件实现方法

从VLBI相关处理结果中提取的延迟值包括了天线、终端等设备的时延,必须对其加以修正,最终结果才能达到精度要求。提取相位校正信号,可以消除这些设备引入的时延,从而校正同一波前信号到达基线两端的几何时延。该文介绍了提取相位校正信号的原理、算法及软件实现方法。软件采用多线程和SSE技术,具备4台站多通道全部相位校正信号提取能力。     

移动Agent 在集群系统中的应用研究

从任务级的角度，在基于主／从模式的集群系统中引入了移动Agent技术，建立了基于移动Agent的并行计算模型。基于该模型，对移动Agent之间的通信接口、容错机制和负载平衡策略等问题进行了研究。     

On the sensitivity of computed surges to open-boundary formulation

A coarse-grid (resolution of order 7 km) model of the west coast of Britain is used to examine the sensitivity of computed storm-surge elevations and currents to a range of open-boundary conditions. The storm-surge period 1 to 26 March 1994 is used for this comparison, as it is a time of significant wind activity. Also current measurements in the North Channel of the Irish Sea together with coastal elevation measurements are available for model validation. Elevations and currents previously computed with a coarse-grid shelf-wide model can also be incorporated into the open-boundary condition to examine the influence of far-field effects. Initial model calculations with no far-field input show the importance of including shelf-wide effects from either the external shelf model, or by using observations from coastal gauges interpolated along the open boundary of the west-coast model. Provided the west-coast models open boundary is taken sufficiently far away from the region of interest, in this case the Irish Sea, then either a radiation condition or an elevation-specified condition is appropriate provided far-field effects are taken into account. If these are not included, then neither boundary condition is successful. For the radiation condition it is necessary to include both elevations and currents from a far-field model in order to reproduce the surge. In the case of an elevation-specified boundary condition far-field effects can be incorporated in hindcast calculations by including observed sea-level changes. In a storm-surge prediction calculation the radiation condition with a far-field model is required. Calculations show that computed elevations are spatially more coherent than currents, with flows through the western Irish Sea showing the greatest sensitivity to open-boundary formulation during storm events.Responsible Editor: Phil Dyke     

A Parameterization of Third-order Moments for the Dry Convective Boundary Layer

We describe one-dimensional (1D) simulations of the countergradient zone of mean potential temperature observed in the convective boundary layer (CBL). The method takes into account the third-order moments (TOMs) in a turbulent scheme of relatively low order, using the turbulent kinetic energy equation but without prognostic equations for other second-order moments. The countergradient term is formally linked to the third-order moments and , and a simple parameterization of these TOMs is proposed. It is validated for several cases of a dry CBL, using large-eddy simulations that have been realized from the MESO-NH model. The analysis of the simulations shows that TOMs are responsible for the inversion of the sign of in the higher part of the CBL, and budget analysis shows that the main terms responsible for turbulent fluxes and variances are now well reproduced.     

求解半变异函数的常用方法与新方法研究

半变异函数的获取既有人为主观求取法,又有运用数学工具客观求取法,但是后者是今后的主要趋势。笔者在前人工作的基础上,归纳出多项式回归法、线性规划法和目标规划法三种求解半变异函数的成熟方法,以及非线性回归理论直接求解法、进化计算和积分面积三种新兴方法,并总结出各种方法的优缺点。最后概括出计算权重的两种方法。     

Regional extreme‐dry‐spell frequency analysis using the L‐moments method in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin,China

In this research, the regional extreme‐dry‐spell frequency in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin (YRB) is studied by the L‐moments method. The research area has been divided into three subregions (regions 1, 2 and 3), which have been identified as homogenous regions. The results of a goodness‐of‐fit test indicate that a generalized normal distribution is the optimal regional model for regions 1 and 2 whereas a generalized Pareto distribution is the optimal regional model for region 3. The return period analysis figures out that the maximum length‐of‐dry‐spell (MxDS) values increase from south to north in the southern part and increase from northeast to southwest in the northern part of the middle reaches of the YRB under different return periods. The increments of quantiles of dry spell under different return levels indicate that drought risk in region 1 is higher than that in regions 2 and 3. The analysis of the occurrence day of MxDS shows that MxDS mostly occurred during winter of 1998 and spring of 1999 in most stations during the considered period. By comparing summer MxDS events, it can be found that mean MxDS values have slightly increased in regions 1 and 2 during the last five decades. The maximum mean MxDS values appeared in the 2000s for regions 1 and 2 and in the 1990s for region 3. The atmospheric circulation shows that the positive anomaly centre in the west of North China, negative anomaly centre in the east of North China and the strong western Pacific subtropical high led to the decrease of precipitation in North China during the summer of 1997. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于双精度与四精度的重力场解算精度分析

基于动力学方法比较分析了双精度与四精度模式下重力场模型的解算精度,主要包括缔合勒让德函数计算、数值积分器及重力场反演结果。结果显示,在勒让德函数计算方面,部分角度在双精度模式下计算至1 900阶以后会出现溢出问题,而在四精度模式下任何角度都满足精度要求,并且计算结果比双精度模式高8个量级。数值积分器Adams预测校正法积分1 d的位置和速度误差,在四精度模式下比在双精度模式下高4个量级。在精密轨道反演重力场计算方面,动力学方法在双精度及四精度模式下反演结果一致,统计其计算至60阶的累计大地水准面误差为1.29×10~(-5 )m,这是因为动力学方法的线性误差相对计算误差而言是主要误差;非线性动力学方法在四精度模式下比在双精度模式下高7个量级,其大地水准面误差分别为8.92×10~(-15) m和8.16×10~(-8) m。     

一种改进的快速最小高差DEM匹配方法

利用最小高差(LZD)法进行DEM匹配时,当待匹配DEM的分辨率比参考DEM高时,确定的同名点中存在冗余,将导致计算冗余和效率降低。为解决上述问题,对LZD法确定同名点的模型进行改化,提出一种改进的基于最小高差原理的快速DEM匹配方法。该方法根据参考DEM的格网点确定同名点以避免冗余,并通过近似确定同名点及其高差,有效简化了计算过程。实验结果表明,该方法在保证较高的收敛速度和匹配精度的基础上,可有效提高计算效率,且计算效率不随待匹配DEM分辨率提高而降低,DEM间分辨率差异越大,方法的优势越明显。