ASTER数据与ETM数据蚀变信息提取的对比研究——以巴什布拉克铀矿区油气还原蚀变分析为例

本文在深入分析巴什布拉克铀矿区油气还原蚀变岩石的光谱特征,ASTER与ETM数据对蚀变岩石光谱特征反映的差异性的基础上,提出了正反两种蚀变信息提取的思路和两种数据在不同思路下提取蚀变信息的效果对比。研究表明,利用ASTER数据与ETM数据在增强研究区三价铁信息,间接反映油气还原蚀变规律方面效果相当;而在直接增强油气还原蚀变信息方面,ASTER数据的应用效果明显好于ETM数据。增强的遥感油气还原蚀变信息对分析研究区白垩系油气还原蚀变规律和矿区外围铀矿找矿具有重要的意义。     

Integrating TM and ancillary geographical data with classification trees for land cover classification of marsh area

The main objective of this research is to determine the capacity of land cover classification combining spectral and textural features of Landsat TM imagery with ancillary geographical data in wetlands of the Sanjiang Plain, Heilongjiang Province, China. Semi-variograms and Z-test value were calculated to assess the separability of grey-level co-occurrence texture measures to maximize the difference between land cover types. The degree of spatial autocorrelation showed that window sizes of 3×3 pixels and 11×11 pixels were most appropriate for Landsat TM image texture calculations. The texture analysis showed that co-occurrence entropy, dissimilarity, and variance texture measures, derived from the Landsat TM spectrum bands and vegetation indices provided the most significant statistical differentiation between land cover types. Subsequently, a Classification and Regression Tree (CART) algorithm was applied to three different combinations of predictors: 1) TM imagery alone (TM-only); 2) TM imagery plus image texture (TM+TXT model); and 3) all predictors including TM imagery, image texture and additional ancillary GIS information (TM+TXT+GIS model). Compared with traditional Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) supervised classification, three classification trees predictive models reduced the overall error rate significantly. Image texture measures and ancillary geographical variables depressed the speckle noise effectively and reduced classification error rate of marsh obviously. For classification trees model making use of all available predictors, omission error rate was 12.90% and commission error rate was 10.99% for marsh. The developed method is portable, relatively easy to implement and should be applicable in other settings and over larger extents.     

Residences information extraction from Landsat imagery using the multi-parameter decision tree method

Abstract

The rapid and accurate grasp of changes in residences is crucial for urban planning and urbanisation. However, the traditional methods for extracting residences exists several problems, which lead to inaccurate extraction results. In this study, the Landsat image is used to establish a new method for extracting the residences quickly and accurately. The specific steps are as follows: (1) We calculate surface albedo to exclude the interference of waters and shadows; (2) Using single-band threshold method, we eliminate the interference of shadows; (3) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index is calculated to exclude the effects of vegetation; (4) Roads are removed by calculating the shape index. Verification shows that the accuracy of this extraction method is 92.81%, which is more accurate than the traditional methods and solves the problems existed in the traditional methods. This novel method is a new reference for other land cover research on the technical aspect.     

几种用于TM图像薄云去除的大气纠正算法比较

介绍了几种用于TM图像薄云去除大气纠正算法的原理和应用，在同一景TM图像薄云去除中，比较它们的纠正效果，分析各自的 优劣。结果表明，梁顺林等提出的新算法具有一定的优越性。     

基于长时间序列Landsat影像的嘎龙错冰湖变化特征分析及溃决风险评估

冰湖溃决灾害是我国青藏高原地区最严重的自然灾害之一。作为聂拉木县最大的冰川终碛湖,嘎龙错冰湖溃决风险直接威胁着下游居民的生产生活。利用1991—2011年Landsat-5/TM、2012年Landsat-7/ETM+、2013—2017年Landsat-8/OLI近27年的遥感影像、降水量和气温资料对嘎龙错冰湖变化特征进行了研究,对其溃决风险作出评估。结果表明:嘎龙错冰湖明显扩张,面积呈现显著增长趋势,由1991年的2.209 4 km^2增长到2017年的5.465 7 km^2,增幅为147.38%;同时,发现聂拉木气象站年平均气温和年降水量在波动中上升,其中气温上升较为显著,气温和降水量的增加对冰湖扩张有重要影响,特别是气温上升导致的冰川融水增多是造成冰湖面积增加的重要原因。嘎龙错冰湖在遇到冰崩或者冰湖面积持续扩张情况下,湖水会瞬间大规模外泄,形成山洪、泥石流灾害,给下游造成严重的人员伤亡和财产损失。     

二维大地电磁资料频域逆散射反演

逆散射反演是由已知散射波场反演地下介质中散射体各参数了分布的方法，本文从这一思想出发，针对二维大地电磁资料，在BORN近似的前提下，提出了一种新的反地下电导率参数的方法，经模型试算与实际资料的反演验证正确，这一方法特别适于地下无强电性分界面的地区。     

Determination of regional land surface heat fluxes over a heterogeneous landscape of the Jiddah area of Saudi Arabia by using Landsat‐7 ETM data

In this study, a parameterization method based on Landsat‐7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) data and field observations is presented and tested for deriving the regional land surface variables, vegetation variables and land surface heat fluxes over a heterogeneous landscape. As a case study, the method and two Landsat‐7 ETM images are applied to the Jiddah area of Saudi Arabia. The regional distribution maps of surface reflectance, normalized difference vegetation index, modified soil adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI), vegetation coverage, leaf area index, surface temperature, net radiation flux, soil heat flux, sensible heat flux and latent heat flux have been determined over the Jiddah area. The derived results have been validated by using the ‘ground truth’. The results show that the more reasonable regional distributions of land surface variables (surface reflectance, surface temperature), vegetation variables (MSAVI and vegetation coverage), net radiation, soil heat flux and sensible heat flux can be obtained by using the method proposed in this study. Further improvement of the method is also discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mapping rubber trees based on phenological analysis of Landsat time series data-sets

This study proposes a strategy for accurate mapping of rubber trees through the analysis of Landsat time series datasets. The phenological dynamics of rubber trees were derived from the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to verify the three important phenological metrics of rubber trees; defoliation, foliation and their growing stages. A decade (2006–2015) ago, Landsat time series NDVIs were used to study the strength of relationship between rubber trees, evergreen trees and oil palm trees. Two important results that could discriminate these three types of vegetation were found; firstly, a weak relationship of NDVIs between rubber trees and evergreen trees during the defoliation period (r² = 0.1358) and secondly between rubber trees and oil palm trees during the growing period (r² = 0.2029). This analysis was verified using Support Vector Machine to map the distribution of the three types of vegetation. An accurate mapping strategy of rubber trees was successfully formulated.     

航天遥感多源数据的复合信息及其应用研究--以黄河口为例

阐述了遥感多源信息复合的理论与技术依据,指出TM与SAR影像复合可实现优点的合成,旨在丰富地物的特征信息,提高目标分类精度,特别是有利于对滨海动态的监测与新生地貌体所关联的泥沙输移和海洋动力作用等隐伏信息,并以近期黄河口沙嘴演变的遥感影像作为例证.     

Landsat8 OLI图像增强与岩性识别方法

新疆维吾尔自治区阿克陶县布伦口地区海拔高、穿越条件差、岩性复杂,因而研究Landsat8 OLI数据信息增强与岩性识别在该区有强大的应用需求,也有遥感岩性识别的理论意义。区内不同岩性单元光谱较为相似,仅利用最佳波段组合(OIF)指数、主成分分析(PCA)和独立主成分分析(ICA)等图像增强方法均不能最大限度地区分各岩性单元。通过分析独立主成分变换之后各岩性单元的特征向量,发现不同岩性单元特征向量差异比原图像光谱差异增大,为扩大差异,依据特征向量统计结果构建比值运算,再联合PCA特征向量进行彩色合成,各岩性单元可识别性显著增加。研究表明:(1)采用联合多种图像增强的方法能将研究区不同岩性单元进行分离;(2)国道314南北两侧地层均划归布伦阔勒岩群的结论有误,其北侧仍属布伦阔岩石,南侧实为片麻状二长花岗岩;(3)沙湖南东原划归志留纪的岩石单元可进一步分解为志留纪地层和元古代布伦阔勒岩群岩石单元。该方法有推广应用价值和深化研究的前景。