结合杨浦知识创新城区规划大力推进浅层地热能开发利用

浅层地热能的开发利用对实现节能减排、建设国家创新型城区具有重要的战略意义。本文结合杨浦区规划编制情况,对杨浦区浅层地热能开发利用的历史、总体条件及探索实践进行了概述分析,并提出了完善浅层地热能开发利用政策机制的具体建议。     

阿伯克隆比与英国早期区域规划

论文介绍了英国区域规划先行者阿伯克隆比的生平及主要学术思想和实践,对英国早期区域规划"伦敦郡规划"、"大伦敦规划"进行了总结梳理,提出"大伦敦规划"的缺陷,并提出英国新城思想和区域规划理论受到了中国传统哲学思想(风水地理学)的影响。     

上海市松江区节约集约利用土地管理实践

土地是不可再生资源,近20年经济快速发展使松江的可利用土地日趋紧缺,调整产业结构、转变发展方式极为重要和紧迫。在加快推进工业化、城镇化和新农村建设的形势下,大力推进节约集约用地,是保护土地资源、提高土地利用效率和效益、促进产业结构转型升级和转变经济发展方式的必然选择。     

Mapping beach morphodynamics remotely: A novel application tested on South African sandy shores

Sandy beaches have been identified as threatened ecosystems but despite the need to conserve them, they have been generally overlooked. Systematic conservation planning (SCP) has emerged as an efficient method of selecting areas for conservation priority. However, SCP analyses require digital shapefiles of habitat and species diversity. Mapping these attributes for beaches from field data can take years and requires exhaustive resources. This study thus sought to derive a methodology to classify and map beach morphodynamic types from satellite imagery. Since beach morphodynamics is a strong predictor of macrofauna diversity, they could be considered a good surrogate for mapping beach biodiversity. A dataset was generated for 45 microtidal beaches (of known morphodynamic type) by measuring or coding for several physical characteristics from imagery acquired from Google Earth. Conditional inference trees revealed beach width to be the only factor that significantly predicted beach morphodynamic type, giving four categories: dissipative, dissipative-intermediate, intermediate and reflective. The derived model was tested by using it to predict the morphodynamic type of 28 other beaches of known classification. Model performance was good (75% prediction accuracy) but misclassifications occurred at the three breaks between the four categories. For beaches around these breaks, consideration of surf zone characteristics in addition to beach width ameliorated the misclassifications. The final methodology yielded a 93% prediction accuracy of beach morphodynamic type. Overlaying other considerations on this classification scheme could provide additional value to the layer, such that it also describes species’ spatial patterns. These could include: biogeographic regions, estuarine versus sandy beaches and short versus long beaches. The classification scheme was applied to the South African shoreline as a case study. The distribution of the beach morphodynamic types was partly influenced by geography. Most of the long, dissipative beaches are found along the west coast of the country, the south coast beaches are mostly dissipative-intermediate, and the east coast beaches range from short, estuarine pocket and embayed beaches in the former Transkei (south east), to longer intermediate and reflective beaches in KwaZulu-Natal (in the north east). Once combined with the three biogeographic regions, and distinguishing between estuarine and sandy shores, the South African coast comprised 24 different beach types. Representing shorelines in this form opens up potential for numerous spatial analyses that can not only further our understanding of sandy beach ecology at large spatial scales but also aid in deriving conservation strategies for this threatened ecosystem.     

Spatial characterization of marine recreational boating: Exploring the use of an on-the-water questionnaire for a case study in the Pacific Northwest

Information about spatial patterns of recreational boating is important for managing environmental, safety, and social impacts. However, traditional spatial mapping techniques such as remote sensing are often unable to project entire vessel routes or to link with other important data such as demographics, activities, or purpose of trip. This study, conducted in a part of Canada’s southern Strait of Georgia, uses an on-the-water-questionnaire to map recreational boating distribution/density in a complex, multiple-use marine setting. Goals of this study were to explore an on-the-water questionnaire as a means of capturing boating distribution and density, explore the potential contributions of such information to marine spatial planning, and assess the strengths and limitations of the method. Boaters (n=519) were intercepted while engaged in boating trips and were asked to plot the route of their trip on a map of the region. Information was imported into ArcGIS for analysis and display of vessel distribution and density. The resultant spatial dataset has a number of applications for marine spatial planning and management. Strengths of this method include collection of entire vessel routes, linking spatial data to questionnaire variables, and a high response rate. Limitations include some bias towards sample sites and issues of respondent accuracy, as well as cost and effort. Recommendations for management and research are made.     

一种智能化的避台航线设计方法

为提高船舶气象导航自动化水平,实现避台决策由经验型向智能型转变,提出1种高效、稳定的绕避台风航线规划算法。基于电子海图平台实现GPS、数字化气象信息的多源信息集成,直观显示船舶和台风当前位置和运动态势,基于栅格模型设计避台航线自动生成算法,实现避台航线在线实时规划。仿真结果表明,该方法能够根据气象信息及时重建环境模型并获取新的最优航线,算法对环境的复杂性不敏感,具有稳定性好、求解规模大、效率高的特点。     

文化创意产业城市之浮现——上海M50与田子坊个案

本研究从深入访谈与田野调查方式,藉由城市区域上海之田子坊与M50等案例,突显结合文化创意与在地空间文化的环境规划概念之“软实力”的崛起,改变了传统城市规划忽略了地方特质,而单以振兴经济、整齐化与现代化为主的空间发展“硬实力”来治理城市。本文个案所强调的是,不同于北美、台湾或日本等资本主义社会的市民参与小区改造过程,同时也回异于传统城市规划之静态的、单以目标导向为主的旧区改造或分区计划。研究成果在于例证了,上海另类的城市规划的伙伴关系与地方结盟,更能弹性的调节空间文化资产保存,并扣连创意阶级和普罗大众消费习性,带来区域城市上海的创意、创新的空间产业的效率化与特色化集聚现象。     

喀斯特地区土地整理景观生态规划与设计--以贵州荔波土地整理项目为例

土地整理是对土地资源及其利用方式的再组织和再优化过程,改变了土地利用类型和空间结构,必然引起景观格局和生态过程的变化,土地整理的景观生态保护研究尤其是在生态脆弱的喀斯特地区显得尤为重要与迫切。景观生态规划设计能有效促进生态系统的保护与恢复,土地整理融入景观生态规划设计思想是未来土地整理的重要发展趋势之一。本文基于景观生态规划与设计的思想,探讨了土地整理景观生态规划设计要点,以贵州省荔波县板寨河头土地整理项目为例,进行了农田斑块、农田水利工程、道路工程和生物多样性保护工程的景观规划设计,促进自然景观和生物多样性的保护,为土地整理的规划设计和生态环境影响评价的实践工作提供科学依据。     

MYTHOLOGIES OF THE GRID IN THE EMPIRE CITY, 1811–2011*

In this article, I examine the performative dimensions of historical narration as a form of modern mythmaking by reconsidering conventional narratives on the “origins” of Manhattan's grid street plan of 1811. The historical mythology of the grid espoused in canonical readings of the Plan of 1811 relies extensively on a rearticulation of the official explanation that the grid's designers provided in a foundational text known as the “Commissioners’ Remarks”. I argue that such accounts result in an extraordinarily narrow and formulaic interpretation of the utilitarian motives and intentions behind the city's grid plan, one that reinforces a form of “morphological essentialism”. To support this argument, I shift the focus of attention beyond the “Commissioners’ Remarks” in order to complicate readings of the intentionality that gave rise to the 1811 street plan. I conclude by suggesting that the mythic search for the “origins” of the grid in the realm of founding intentions can most effectively be challenged by drawing attention to the proliferation of countermyths of gridded space.