基于ANSYS的新型乡村抗震防灾适宜性规划模型分析

当前新型乡村抗震防灾适宜性规划分析中通常采用地质分区方法对勘测点进行分析,在分析过程中忽略了GIS空间的复杂性,且未对评价指标加权分析,导致抗震适宜性评价指标量化过程过于主观,存在计算结果与实际结果拟合度低的问题。据此,提出基于ANSYS的新型乡村抗震防灾适宜性规划模型分析。考虑到GIS的空间复杂性,采用ANSYS在GIS空间进行有限元结构场修正操作,结合Logistic非线性回归模型,对乡村土地抗震防灾适宜性规划中的二分类变量数据进行非线性回归分析。为了防止计算数值过于主观,采用组合熵系数模型对Logistic方程计算得来的评价指标加权,由此完成基于ANSYS的新型乡村抗震防灾适宜性规划模型分析。经过实例分析证明,所提方法求出的计算结果与实际结果拟合度较高,能成功完成评价指标的量化,对乡村抗震防灾适宜性规划分析更加客观。     

河川环境规划之景观生态原则应用——以台湾北部淡水河流域为例

河川是一个复杂的生态系统,河川主支干道即为系统中的主要动脉,各种物质循环、能量流动、物种讯息传输,均依赖河川水系为之.但因人类迁入活动及过度利用水资源,干扰了水的自然循环,土壤与微生物的自然演化,生物的迁徙与演替平衡等.且目前河川治理大多以取水、防洪为优先,忽略了景观生态原则在河川中的作用,致使城市与水环境关系日益疏离,物种的栖息地逐渐被破坏.本研究以台湾北部淡水河流域为例,探讨河川流域中之景观生态功能,并将景观生态原则纳入流域治理的综合目标之一,研拟可持续发展的策略.     

新时代国土空间规划中陆海统筹的重点内容和实现路径

新时代国土空间规划是未来可持续发展的空间蓝图。陆地与海洋作为国土空间的两大主体,落实陆海统筹战略、推进生态保护和高质量发展已成为沿海地区国土空间规划编制的重要内容。文章阐述陆海统筹的重点内容并分析其实现路径,研究结果有助于推动陆海统筹在国土空间规划中的有效落实,提升国土空间规划编制的科学性。研究结果表明在新时代背景下,可从6个方面实现陆海统筹:有机衔接陆海主体功能,统筹协调岸线两侧矛盾,统筹塑造陆海空间格局;统筹规划陆海自然资源的保护与开发;统筹布局和协调发展陆海产业;建立陆海一体的交通和防灾支撑体系;开展陆海协同的生态环境保护与修复治理;建设陆海统筹的管理体制机制。     

Participatory artisanal fisheries management in islands: Application to the Canary Islands (Spain)

Socio-economic development of small-island fishing communities is greatly dependent on local coastal and marine resources. However, illegal fishing and aggressive practices in insular ecosystems lead to over-exploitation and environmental deterioration. Moreover, a lack of scientific data increases uncertainty and prevents the adequate monitoring of marine resources. This paper focuses on the integration of local fishing communities into decision-making processes with the aim of promoting artisanal fishing on the Island of Tenerife (the Canary Islands), as a way to preserve the marine ecosystem and socio-economic development of traditional cofradias (fishers' organisations). A qualitative methodological framework, based on participatory problem-solution trees and focus groups, was used to identify the main factors impeding the sustainable development of the artisanal fishing sector on the island and to elaborate collective proposals with policy implications. The fishing community involved identified four main issues that are maintaining an unsustainable island fishery: 1) Over-exploitation; 2) Poor self-management of cofradias and commercialisation problems; 3) Fisher individualism and low co-management strategies, and 4) Illegal fishing increase vs. artisanal fishing decline. Results show the required policy enhancements to tackle them and the need to adapt regulations to the local situation.     

Environmental management frameworks for offshore mining: the New Zealand approach

The New Zealand region contains untapped natural mineral, oil, and gas resources while also supporting globally unique and diverse faunal communities that need to be managed sustainably. In this paper key information from the international literature is reviewed that can underpin an Environmental Mining Management System which includes elements of Environmental Risk Assessment, Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Management Planning. This paper focuses on four developing areas of seafloor mining activities presently being undertaken or planned in the New Zealand region: hydrocarbons (oil and gas), minerals, ironsands and phosphorite nodules. A number of issues with the implementation of environmental management systems are identified including the difficulty of assessing new marine activities or technologies and the need for standardised reporting metrics. Finally, the development of ecosystem-based management and marine spatial planning is discussed which will be required to enhance environmental mining management frameworks in New Zealand.     

Recreational use of offshore wind farms: Experiences and opinions of sea anglers in the UK

The expansion of offshore wind farms (OWFs) is likely to increase conflict with other marine users as different sectors compete for space. There may also be positive interactions, as the artificial reef effects from energy infrastructure have the potential to sustain and enhance fishing opportunities. Recreational sea angling is an important sector within the UK but the experiences and opinions of UK sea anglers with respect to OWFs have not been documented. To address this, an online survey was undertaken with recreational anglers around the UK (n=199). Respondents represented a range of socio-demographic and angling characteristics, although male, more frequent and older fishers as well as club members were over-represented compared to a 2012 national survey. One quarter of the respondents had fished around the perimeter of or within an OWF, most on multiple occasions, and 73% of those who had not expressed a willingness to do so in future. Anglers reported both positive and negative effects on catch success when fishing near or within OWFs compared to their experiences of the same site prior to OWF development. Outcomes for individual species were also mixed. Anglers recognised the potential artificial reef effects of OWFs and their role as a “safe haven”, particularly due to the exclusion of commercial fishers. Negative perceptions included restricted access, harm to marine wildlife, and visual impact. There is little evidence that OWFs will have a significant economic impact on recreational fishing, as most anglers are unlikely to change their behaviour in response to future developments.     

Planning Method of Non-Development Zone in Southern Jiangyin

Jiangyin was the earliest to conduct Non-development zone planning and has attracted the attention of people all over China because it is regarded as the Chinese version of Smart Growth. The planning process is as follows. Based on SPOT and TM satellite remote sensing images develop a regional land use map with high precision using artificial interpretation methods. Then, according to the relationship between anti-development suitability and disasters, agriculture, ecology, built-up area distribution and other geographical factors, generate a comprehensive evaluation chart of anti-development suitability using GIS analysis, such as buffer analysis and overlay analysis. Later, with a regional land use map and anti-development suitability evaluation chart, using the principle of ecological security network and learning from the management experience of nature reserves, draw the scope of Non-development zone and core area. Last, put forward a series of protective measures for the above Non-development zone, that is only allowed to develop agriculture and tourism, strictly restricted industrial projects and urban real estate activities, and all existing industrial factories must be moved to planned industrial parks. This is good practice whereby local governments keep land resources for future generations and more advanced than an urban expansion strategy. This method is very useful for promoting land use layout optimization in Southern Jiangsu Developed Areas.     

Seagrass importance for a small-scale fishery in the tropics: The need for seascape management

Small-scale fisheries (SSF) in tropical seascapes (mosaics of interconnected mangroves, seagrasses and corals) are crucial for food and income. However, management is directed mostly to corals and mangroves. This research analyzes the importance of seagrasses compared to adjacent ecosystems in Chwaka Bay, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Using fish landings; the study investigated: location of fishing effort, fish production (biomass and species), and monetary benefits (aggregated value and per capita income). Seagrasses were the most visited grounds providing highest community benefits. Per capita benefits were equivalent to those from corals and mangroves. All three habitats provided income just above extreme poverty levels; however catches from seagrass appeared more stable. Seagrass are key ecosystems supporting SSF and protection and management are urgently needed. Adoption of a seascape approach considering all ecosystems underpinning SSF and the social aspects of fishing and a shift in emphasis from pure conservation to sustainable resource management would be desirable.     

与水文气象、地质因素有关的几种自然灾害概念的辨析

阐述了地质灾害、山地灾害、山洪灾害等与水文气象和地质因素相关的自然灾害的概念及分类,比较三者内涵与外延的差异,对三种灾害防治工作中的一些共性问题作了初步探讨。研究表明：地质灾害、山地灾害和山洪灾害三者在概念、内涵及研究对象等方面有所不同,但主要内容是相同的。在三种灾害的研究与防治上,由各个部门管理模式不利于此类灾害的跨行业、跨部门协同研究及防灾救灾。     

重庆市区域规划电子沙盘系统的设计与实现

电子沙盘作为可交互操作的实时的虚拟现实环境,是一种既具有传统沙盘的特点,又集成了多种高新技术的产品。本文应用ArcGIS的内置定制环境VBA对ArcGIS应用程序进行客户化,设计并实现重庆市区域规划电子沙盘系统。该系统中,通过对基础地理数据、数字正射影像数据、社会经济统计数据、各种专题规划数据以及一些目标模型数据等进行三维可视化实现实物沙盘的导航缩放等基本功能。此外,通过二次开发定制扩充了面向区域规划的实用功能,如空间分析、规划方案的设计与比选等辅助规划功能,从而开拓了电子沙盘应用的新领域,将对区域规划工作带来深刻影响。