城市土地利用对植被特征影响的研究

城市土地利用对植被的影响是城市生态学中研究的重要问题。简单综述了国内外在该领域中的研究现状。通过在北京市进行的研究，对城市植被的特点及其与土地利用的关系进行了分析，结论为：①藜科（Chenpodiac eae）和蓼科（Polygonac eae）植物种类数量相对增加，归化植物占的比例大是城市植物区系的特征；②与非城市区域相比，生活型谱中一二年生植物比例增高，属的区系地理成分构成中世界分布属所占比例也明显提高；③城市土地利用类型对生境和植物群落特征的影响明显；④生境多样化对维持城市植物物种多样性而言，比面积大小具有更为显著的作用。     

矿权的生产与经营--论地勘单位的改革与发展

矿权及矿权市场的建立,为地勘行业的找矿成果进入市场搭建了平台,矿权的生产与经营是国有地勘单位最具优势和竞争力的产业发展方向,商业性地质工作是地勘单位获取利润的重点,按市场经济的要求,以企业为主体,以局为单元,以效益为目的,地勘行业在社会经济发展中大有作为。     

Progresses and Perspectives of the Resource Evaluation Related to Agri-cultural Heritage Tourism

The scientific evaluation of tourism resources is not only an important prerequisite for the development of agri-cultural heritage tourism (AHT), but it can also promote the conservation and management of Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (IAHS). With the goal of providing scientific support for the sustainable management of tourism resources, this review systematically analyzes the overall situation, research regions, developmental timeline trends, key fields and hot topics of resource evaluation research related to AHT over 2005-2020. With a comprehensive perspective that incorporates both traditional literature review and quantitative literature review, the study revealed four important aspects of AHT research. (1) Relevant articles could be divided into two phases, a development-oriented period (2005-2012) and a conservation-oriented period (2013-2020). (2) GIAHS accounts for the absolute majority (about 66.7%) of relevant studies. In particular, Longji Terraces System, Hani terraces system and Dong’s Rice-Fish-Duck System were the research hotspots IAHS, and Yunnan, Zhejiang and Guangxi were the research hotspot provinces. (3) Terraced landscapes and tea culture were the most popular themes in tourism resource evaluation, while sports tourism, tea culture tourism and study tours are becoming the new trends in IAHS sites. (4) Research methods have undergone a shift from qualitative to quantitative approaches, and a combination of these two in an interdisciplinary manner is becoming a new research trend. By reviewing and prospecting the relevant literature, this study not only makes a unique contribution to the tourism resource evaluation of IAHS, but also helps to enrich the relevant evaluation theories and further promote the sustainable development of heritage tourism from theoretical and methodological perspectives.     

Multistage Deformation in the Northeastern Segment of the Jiangshao Fault (Suture) Belt: Constraints for the Relationship between the Yangtze Plate and the Cathaysia Old Land

Multistage deformation events have occurred in the northeastern Jiangshao Fault (Suture) Belt. The earliest two are ductile deformation events. The first is the ca. 820 Ma top-to-the-northwest ductile thrusting, which directly resulted from the collision between the Cathaysia Old Land and the Chencai Arc (?) during the Late Neoproterozoic, and the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt that formed as the ocean closed between the Yangtze Plate and the jointed Cathaysia Old Land and the Chencai Arc due to continuous compression. The second is the ductile left-lateral strike-slipping that occurred in the latest Early Paleozoic. Since the Jinning period, all deformation events represent the reactivation or inversion of intraplate structures due to the collisions between the North China and Yangtze plates during the Triassic and between the Philippine Sea and Eurasian plates during the Cenozoic. In the Triassic, brittle right-lateral strike-slipping and subsequent top-to-the south thrusting occurred along the whole northeastern Jiangshao Fault Zone because of the collision between the North China and Yangtze plates. In the Late Mesozoic, regional extension took place across southeastern China. In the Cenozoic, the collision between the Philippine Sea and Eurasian plates resulted in brittle thrusts along the whole Jiangnan Old land in the Miocene. The Jiangshao Fault Belt is a weak zone in the crust with long history, and its reactivation is one of important characteristics of the deformation in South China; however, late-stage deformation events did not occur beyond the Jiangnan Old Land and most of them are parallel to the strike of the Old Land, which is similar to the Cenozoic deformation in Central Asia. In addition, the Jiangnan old Land is not a collisional boundary between the Yangtze Plate and Cathaysia Old Land in the Triassic.     

科尔沁沙地土壤水分动态分析及其概率密度函数模拟

基于Laio土壤水分动态随机模型(Laio模型),利用2006-2010年5~9月土壤水分连续监测数据及日降水资料,分析科尔沁沙地固定沙丘和沙质草地生长季根系层土壤水分动态及其与降水格局的关系,研究点尺度土壤水分概率密度函数,并对Laio模型涉及的13个参数进行了敏感性分析。结果表明:① 研究区年降水的季节分配极不均匀,主要集中在4~10月的生长季,占全年降水量的93%;0~5 mm降水事件占全年降水事件的73%,但其降水量只占全年降水量的25%;降水间隔期以0~10 d为主,占全年无降水期的38%,其频数最高,占全年间隔期频数的87%。② 固定沙丘和沙质草地根系层厚度分别为0~100 cm和0~70 cm,沙质草地根系层土壤水分显著高于固定沙丘;两类沙地7月份的土壤水分都显著高于生长季其他月份。③ 两类沙地生长季根系层土壤水分均服从正态分布;通过Laio模型得到了两类沙地生长季根系层土壤水分概率密度函数p(s),其峰值及峰值出现的位置和峰的阔度均与观测结果很接近,说明Laio模型能对科尔沁沙地土壤水分概率密度函数进行较好的模拟。④ Laio模型涉及的13个参数中,对p(s)最为敏感的参数是降水频率λ、平均降水量α、最大蒸散量E_max、水分胁迫点s*和凋萎系数s_w,主要影响p(s)曲线的峰值。     

加强自然科学基金资助方向引导,推动陆地表层研究深化

着重阐述了近10年来,为推动陆地表层研究深入发展,国家自然科学基金在重点发展领域、重大研究计划、重大项目、申请代码及学科分类体系细化等层面对资助方向的引导作用。     

无锡光明村地裂缝研究

根据差异性地面沉降是引发地裂缝的基本原理对光明村地裂缝进行了实证.通过对地质构造和水文地质条件分析比较,认为该地裂缝与江阴南部地裂缝同属一条地裂缝带,在发生的时空关系上具有高相关性.地下水超采是产生地裂缝的主要原因,光明村与地下水位埋深超过40 m的河塘镇存在密切的水力联系.近期的实测数据表明,光明村地裂缝仍处于活动中,最大差异沉降量达5 mm/a.光明村地裂缝的稳定与否主要取决于江阴南部水文地质条件的改善程度.     

丝绸之路经济带沿线国家旅游资源与 入境旅游发展空间格局特征与差异

利用旅游资源丰度指数、旅游流质指数、空间一致性系数和二维矩阵等方法,定量比较分析了丝绸之路经济带沿线18个主要国家旅游资源丰度,入境旅游发展质量,以及旅游资源分布与入境旅游发展质量的空间格局特征与差异。研究表明：丝绸之路经济带沿线国家旅游资源数量与质量差异显著,正形成两极分化突出的格局,中西欧国家最优,中亚国家最弱,入境旅游发展质量也呈现出相似的特征。旅游资源资源分布与入境旅游发展质量,呈现较明显的弱协调性,旅游资源集聚具有较明显的国际旅游导向性,两者发生错位的国家超过三分之二。空间一致性表现为显著的区域差异特征,亚洲相对较好,中西欧次之,东欧最弱。为推进沿线国际旅游合作,提出如下建议：坚定“互联互通、平等包容和合作共赢”发展理念,成立国际旅游合作联盟,督促与落实相关战略部署与重点项目;在求同存异基础上,建立共享机制,提高国家间旅游合作一体化水平和协同发展程度;共同打造丝绸之路经济带世界级旅游线路与旅游资源品牌,着力提升国际旅游发展影响力。     

中国南极维多利亚地新站气象特征分析

中国南极新站选择在维多利亚地特拉诺瓦湾难言岛上进行建设,其气象环境状况是开展科学研究的基础工作,也是考察队员生命安全保障的基础资料。因此,通过2013年度难言岛气象站的观测资料,结合附近地区历史气象资料,对该区域气象要素特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)由于地处罗斯海与东南极冰盖交界处,难言岛年均气压为987.8 h Pa,与中山站非常接近;(2)年均温为-16.1℃,最低气温为-39.3℃,且冬季气温波动较大,标准差可达±6.0℃;(3)年均相对湿度为42.1%,年均比湿为0.6 g·kg-1且冬季比湿极低,空气非常干燥,降水量非常低;(4)盛行风向为WNW,5—7级风出现频率超过50%,但夏季风速明显低于冬季风速,一般不超过8.0 m·s~(-1),有利于中国在夏季开展工程建设和补给;(5)难言岛年总辐射量为3 342.8 MJ·m~(-2),明显低于中山站,但两站反照率非常接近。     

岷江上游土壤资源的保护性利用

岷江上游土地面积24741平方公里,土壤面积20627平方公里。区内土壤垂直分异显著,土壤类型众多,以林地土壤为主,草地土壤居次,耕作土壤甚微,土壤质量差。土壤资源的保护性利用是:加强水利租农田基本建设,精耕细作,增加覆被物,改良土壤,控制林木采伐量和草场载畜量,以促进农林牧业发展。