面状水系伪增量剔除的拓扑量化法

针对定量过滤法剔除伪增量时存在的真增量被过度过滤、伪增量不能完全过滤等缺陷,结合国家1∶5万数据库更新工程的实际需求,提出一种新的伪增量剔除方法——拓扑量化法,主要思想是结合拓扑空间关系判断与缓冲区量化分析来识别伪增量,进而得到更加准确的增量信息。     

北京市1:1万地形图建库及修测更新一体化工艺研究

为了加快数字北京建设的步伐,更好的满足社会、政府部门的应用需求,北京市测绘设计研究院建立了覆盖全北京市域的1:1万DLG空间数据库。数据库采用Oracle9i进行存储,通过ArcSDE8.3空间数据引擎对数据库进行管理访问。本文主要对前期数据的加工方法,后期的数据库维护以及增量更新方案的确定与应用进行了研究、讨论。     

X射线衍射增量法在三水铝石定量分析中的应用--以桂西堆积型铝土矿中的红土为例

简述了X射线衍射增量法进行定量分析的原理、实验过程和实验条件,并用该方法对桂西堆积型铝土矿中的红土三水铝石进行了定量分析.实验表明,在红土样品中加入一定量的标准样品后,利用X射线衍射增量法测定红土样品中三水铝石的含量,与原有的利用化学物相分析方法相比,具有不受红土样品中物相数量和矿物组合限制的优点;同时,X射线射线衍射增量法具有简便、快速、准确、经济的特点,是测定桂西堆积型铝土矿中的红土中三水铝石最为理想的定量分析方法.     

The Lagrange and Two-Center Problems in the Lobachevsky Space

The generalization of the two-center problem and the Lagrange problem (a mass point motion under the action of attracting center field and the analog of a constant homogeneous field) to the case of a constant curvature space, in the three-dimensional space of Lobachevsky (³), is investigated in this paper. The integrability of these problems is proved. The bifurcation set in the plane of integrals of motion is constructed and the classification of the domains of possible motion is carried out. An analog of a constant homogeneous field is obtained in the Lobachevsky space.     

基于CA的城市增长与土地增值动态模拟方法探讨

城市增长与土地增值是一种时空动态变化的复杂地理过程，如何有效地模拟这一过程是该研究领域的一个重要问题。基于GIS的元胞自动机模型，具有模拟地理时空演化过程的能力。该文首先对CA模型进行扩展，再与GIS集成，提出一种模拟城市增长与土地增值时空间动态过程的新方法，并以四川省德阳市为例进行分析。     

拱形洞室围岩内岩爆的计算机模拟与控制方法

借用GDA软件来模拟开挖周边的应力重分布，在此基础上，重点分析了拱形洞室的拱顶、拱肩、两侧及底角的应力分布与岩爆的关系。并提出如何依据dσ3/（σ1-σ3）大小与正负来分析和估计岩爆位置，因为应力差σ1-σ3可表征岩石的变形与静态破坏，而最小主应力增量dσ3的大不可表征抵抗这种变形与破坏的能力。结果是拱肩与底角会出现岩爆。分析结果得到了加拿大某矿山的岩爆发生位置实际资料所验证。最后，提出了如何利用预裂爆破方法使岩爆从拱肩迁移到洞室底角。     

亚洲大陆下的地幔流动及其对亚洲地壳的作用力

运用并行Lagrange乘子非协调区域分解法（LMDDM）与并行Lagrange乘子非连续变形分析法（LMDDM）耦合的有限元算法，研究了四维球壳内不可压缩、常粘度牛顿流体非定常地幔流动，在大并行计算机上分别求解了全球15个板块运动的速度场、压力场、温度场和应力场，也包括求解出亚洲大陆下地幔流动的各种物理场，以及对亚洲地壳的作用力．      

An alternative algebraic algorithm to transform Cartesian to geodetic coordinates

The algorithm to transform from 3D Cartesian to geodetic coordinates is obtained by solving the equation of the Lagrange parameter. Numerical experiments show that geodetic height can be recovered to 0.5 mm precision over the range from −6×10⁶ to 10¹⁰ m. Electronic Supplementary Material: Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at     

碳酸盐矿物氧同位素分馏的理论研究

应用增量方法系统地计算了碳酸盐矿物的同位素分馏系数，得到不同结构和成分的碳酸盐矿物的18O富集顺序为：菱铁矿〉铁白云石〉菱镁矿≥白云石≥方解石〉文石〉菱锶矿〉白铅矿〉碳钡矿。在0℃～1200℃范围内获得了一组内部一致的碳酸盐－水体系的理论分馏系数，这些计算结果与已知的实验和／或经验数据之间存在良好的一致性，因此本文对碳酸盐矿物氧同位素分馏系数的理论校准不仅可应用于共生矿物组合形成温度的确定，而且能够应用于其形成机理的示踪。 计算结果表明，白云石的氧同位素分馏行为与方解石相似，在25℃下白云石与方解石之间的平衡分馏为0.56‰ 。理论预测文石相对于方解石显著地亏损 δ18O，在25℃时方解石与文石之问的平衡分馏为4.47‰ 。文石向方解石的同质多相转变可能是通过一种没有同位素再造的惰性氧结构单元[CO3]2- 进行的，即只涉及Ca2+ 与[C03]2- 基团之间键的断裂和再组台而未出现[CO3]2- 基团内部C－O键的断裂和再组合。结果在自然界和实验室实验中，文石中氧同位索配分的温度关系能够传递副方解石中来。这种在同质多相转变形成方解石过程中的氧同位素继承性对于了解白云石－方解石－水体系分馏的难题至关重要。理论预测也能够用来解释对方解石分馏的经验估算与实验测定之间的分歧。     

The mechanics of spall fracture in rock and concrete

Spalling is a wave-induced dynamic fracture phenomenon. The waves can be either one: elastic, elasto-plastic, or shock waves. From a continuum mechanics point of view, fracture mechanics and wave propagation form the main ingredients in the formation of spalls. Recently, however, micro-structural effects have become important in the initial stages of spall formation in a variety of engineering materials ranging from metals to rock and concrete. From a structural geology point of view, the rock mass cannot be modelled as a continuum. In this case, a discontinuum approach has to be taken where the individual features of the rock mass such as joints and faults need to be taken into account. From an application point of view, spallation is important where rapid loading by explosives, impact, or energy deposition, occurs. The range of applications stretches from blasting in mining engineering to damage prevention to structures under explosive excitation.

This contribution offers a multi-faceted and multi-disciplinary approach to the study of spalling with special attention to analytical and experimental work. The reader is assumed to be somewhat familiar with the basics of continuum mechanics, fracture mechanics, and propagation of elastic, plastic and shock waves. The application to rock and concrete will show the effects of structural geological discontinuities such as open and closed joints - and to some degree also faulting - in rock, as well as the micro-structure of concrete on the (shock) wave field.

Extensive use will be made of time-space diagrams which proved very useful in practical applications to blasting problems [Rossmanith, H.P., 2002, The use of Lagrange diagrams in precise initiation blasting. Part I: two interacting blastholes, Fragblast 6, 104-136].