附加方位约束的GPS/INS组合系统选权自适应卡尔曼滤波

单天线GPS/INS经典组合模型存在的明显不足是：由于状态参数不仅包含INS的位置、速度误差,而且还包含INS的姿态误差和元件误差,存在观测信息不足,间接可测参数难以准确估计。在深入分析常用GPS/INS组合模型及滤波算法中参数估值的特性基础上,提出从两方面改善这类滤波结果：①在运动条件下的组合观测模型中附加GPS单天线测方位角约束,建立观测值与间接可测参数之间的联系;②将选权自适应卡尔曼滤波方法拓展到GPS/INS滤波中,以提高参数估计的精确性。通过对滤波结果的增益阵、位置差、速度差及姿态估计结果的分析可知,该方法的滤波结果更趋准确、合理。     

LS凹陷岩性油气藏勘探实践

LS凹陷是一个东断西超的断陷盆地,古新统MYF组低位沉积时期,西斜坡上形成了“沟＋坡＋扇”沉积格局,岩性圈闭发育其中。从岩性圈闭沉积背景出发,综合应用高分辨率层序地层学、沉积相分析、储层预测和描述等关键技术,发现了一组有利油气聚集的低位扇,揭示了一个具有相同沉积背景、相同成藏机理的勘探领域。     

A Simple and Robust Lognormal Estimator

In an open pit mine, the selection of blocks for mill feed necessitates the use of a conditionally unbiased estimator not only to maximize profits, but also to predict precisely the grades at the mill. Estimation of blocks usually is done using a series of blasthole assays on a regular grid. In many instances, the blasthole grades show a lognormal-like distribution. This study examines an estimator based on the hypothesis of bilognormality between the true block grade and the estimate obtained using the blastholes. The properties of the estimator are established and the estimator is proven to be conditionally unbiased. It is almost as precise as the lognormal kriging estimator when the points are multilognormal. However, it is more precise than lognormal krigings when only univariate lognormality is present or when the distribution is not exactly lognormal. The estimator also is shown to be robust to errors in the specifications of the variogram model or of the expectation of Z. Contrary to lognormal krigings, the estimator does only a slight correction to the original estimate obtained using the blastholes assays.     

基于偏差矫正的有偏估计及其在GPS快速定位中的应用

基于偏差矫正的一般理论提出了不适定问题的新的有偏估计。在病态条件下,Gauss-Markov模型参数的最优线性无偏估计,即LS估计是不稳健的,所得估值方差较大,严重偏离真值。因此,文中放弃了对参数估计无偏性的限制,考虑有偏估计的偏差,结合偏差矫正的正则化解法的一般理论提出了一种新的基于偏差矫正的有偏估计;结合岭估计中参数的选择方法确定了替代矩阵。最后通过GPS动态定位算例,验证了新估计的稳定性和有效性。     

Detecting and Enumerating New Building Structures Utilizing Very‐High Resolution Imaged Data and Image Processing

Abstract

Information on the number and type of new building structures is required by urban and transportation planners and the real estate industry. The goal of this paper is to explore the potential of high resolution imagery for meeting public and private sector demands for information on new buildings. The value of 1 m, 5 m, and 10 m panchromatic and 1 m color scanned aerial photography images acquired in 1997 and 1998 for a study area within the City of San Diego, California is assessed for general change detection and building enumeration. Both semi‐automated and interactive change‐detection approaches are evaluated. We demonstrate that interactive, visual‐based approaches appear to be the most accurate (within 1% of actual count) and efficient approach for generating information on the number of new buildings associated with single family residential land use. More automated approaches to detecting and enumerating image microfeatures may be useful as enhancements for visual‐based assessments and may be practical in areas composed mostly of large buildings associated with commercial and industrial land use. The highest accuracy for automated approaches was an undercounting of 11% for residential buildings and overcounting of 20% for those associated with commercial and industrial land use.     

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Intelligent fuzzy weighted input estimation method for the multi-story buildings with unknown ground motion acceleration

This paper presents a novel intelligent fuzzy weighted input estimation method which effiviently and robustly estimates the unknown ground motion accelerations. The new input estimation method includes the Kalman Filter (KF) and the recursive least square estimator (RLSE), which is weighted by the fuzzy weighting factor proposed based on the fuzzy logic inference system. By directly synthesizing the Kalman filter with the estimator, this work presents an efficient robust forgetting zone, which is capable of providing a reasonable compromise between the tracking capability and the flexibility against noises. The excellent performace of this inverse method is demonstrated by solving the earthquake-excitation estimation problem, and the proposed algorithm is compared by alternating between the constant and adaptive weighting factors. The results reveal that this method has the properties of better target tracking capability and more effective noise reduction.     

利用位置服务信息的车用自组织网络有效路由

根据位置服务信息,采用道路内微观路由和道路间宏观路由相结合的路由方案(MiMa),引入Dijk-stra优化算法为节点间通信提供一条具有导向功能的最佳路由。实验结果表明,该路由协议提高了数据包投递率,降低了数据端到端的传输延迟。     

一种考虑PMX与PMY之间相关性的极移预报新方法

提出采用多元回归模型（MAR）与最小二乘（LS）组合进行极移预报。该模型考虑极移PMX和PMY的LS拟合残差之间的相关性,采用PMX残差和PMY残差一起构建预报模型进行残差预报。通过与LS+AR预报结果的对比表明,LS+MAR模型的预报结果更优。此外,通过与EOP_PCC预报结果的对比也说明,LS+MAR模型的短期极移预报精度能够达到国际先进水平。     

利用LS+AR模型和激发函数预报地球自转参数

分别采用LS+AR组合模型和包含大气角动量、海洋角动量的流体激发函数对地球自转参数进行长期预报。数值实验表明,激发函数预报精度优于LS+AR组合模型,其中大气角动量激发函数预报精度优于海洋角动量激发函数。