就医空间可达性分析的两步移动搜索法——以江苏省东海县为例

精确评价医疗设施可达性的空间分异样状况是合理配置医疗资源的前提。本文在回顾国内外关于医疗空间可达性研究的基础上, 采用两步移动搜索法, 以江苏省贫困县--东海县为案例, 以行政村和医院为分析单元, 基于迪卡斯特拉算法计算出各村到医院(卫生院)的最短通行时间, 进而分析各村医疗空间可达性分异情况。采用不用服务时间阈值范围进行空间敏感性分析, 综合研判缺医地区分布特点。与传统的医卫人员和人口比值的方法相比, 两步移动搜索法能有效显示县域范围内医疗可达性的空间分异情况。采用较大的时间阈值, 医疗空间可达性分异较为平滑, 采用较小服务阈值则空间分异显著, 缺医范围也较大。东海县医疗空间可达性整体呈单核结构, 并沿主要交通线延伸, 缺医地区多分布于边缘乡镇。提高边缘乡镇的行政村的甲级卫生院等级和乡村道路等级将会改善边缘乡镇的就医可达性。     

协同多源遥感数据的北亚热带森林蓄积量贝叶斯分层估测

精确估算森林蓄积量是国家实现2060年前碳中和目标的迫切需求,而基于遥感的森林蓄积量定量反演是当前遥感应用领域面临的重要挑战和研究热点.光学遥感数据由于无法获取森林高度信息并存在信号饱和问题,反演森林蓄积量的精度较低,而机载Lidar数据能获取高度信息,但成本高、观测范围有限.本研究利用Sentinel-2多光谱、资源...     

A sediment fluxes investigation for the 2-D modelling of large river morphodynamics

A complete understanding of alluvial-bed dynamics is desirable for evaluating a variety of issues related to water resources.Sediment fluxes were investigated in a bifurcation of the large Parana River near Rosario, Argentina. The backscatter estimations from the Doppler profilers provided the suspended load of the sediment forming the riverbed. An echo-sounder was applied to track the dunes yielding the bed-load estimation.Aiming to show the usefulness of the recorded data, a 2-D numerical code was applied to the 10-km long and 2-km wide Rosario reach. The morphodynamic module was un-coupled from the hydrodynamics assessment, which enabled the long-term prediction of the river morphology accounting for the hydrological yearly variation with a quasi-steady approach.Numerical experiments were performed to test the sensitivity of the hydrodynamic model to the computational time-step and mesh size, to test the un-coupling scheme performance regarding the full-dynamic modelling, to test the accuracy of the sediment transport formulae based on the field evidence and, finally, to provide guidance to properly fix the model parameters.     

巴基斯坦达尔巴丁(Dalbandin）地震前观测到的电离层foF2异常变化

电离层foF2变化对地震反应非常敏感,与地震有关的电离层扰动变化结果似乎非常有望用于地震短期预测。格林威治时间2011年1月18日20:23分,一次7.2级的大地震发生在巴基斯坦的达尔巴丁(28.73oＮ, 63.92oＥ）。本文研究中,我们必须利用架设在巴基斯坦的伊斯兰堡（33.78oN, 73.06oE）、玛尔坦（32.26oN,71.51oE）和卡拉奇（24.89oN,67.02oE）三个垂直探测台站获得的白天（08:00 a.m. - 05:00 p.m.）小时值数据找出地震前的foF2异常变化特征。结果显示,在达尔巴丁地震前几天,foF2出现了显著变化;并且距离震中最近的台站观测到的频率与幅度异常变化大于较远的位于孕震区边缘的台站。尽管地震异常特征显著,但增加其它电离层参数可以提高foF2异常的高置信度水平。     

利用多分类器自适应级联模型的高分二号影像分类

针对传统单一分类器分类效果不够理想,存在各自的不足,以及已有的多分类器级联模型不能根据待识别样本特征进行动态调整优化等问题,提出了一种基于多分类器自适应级联模型的遥感影像分类方法。该模型选取各类别最优分类器进行级联组合,以待识别样本在整体性能最优分类器的表现对类别最优分类器作出自适应调整,对高分辨率影像分割后的像斑对象输出类别信息。以杭州区域高分二号遥感影像进行分类试验,结果表明,本文方法相比于单一分类器及已有的级联模型具有更高的分类精度。     

Response of western South American epeiric-neritic ecosystem to middle Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Events

Little is known about the impact of the mid-Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs) on the neritic carbonate systems in South America. In order to fill this knowledge gap, the present paper reports on the record of environmental changes in the Albian–Turonian neritic carbonates from the western South American domain in Peru. Owing to the very expanded and well-exposed sections in the Oyon region of central Peru, the OAE 1d and 2 intervals were sampled at high temporal resolution for both bulk micrite and bulk organic matter carbon isotopes, allowing us to compare the fingerprint of these two events between the northern and central Peruvian regions. This suggests the installation of two marked depositional modes: 1) the Albian–Turonian formation of a regional facies belt constituted by oyster-rich mixed siliciclastic-carbonate deposition along the western South America platform; 2) a restricted oligotrophic environment, characterized by the mass occurrence of Perouvianella peruviana and associated miliolids in central Peru during the late Cenomanian–Turonian. These observations advocate for the following scenario: Global warming during the late Albian–early Turonian resulted in humid climate on the western platform. This in turn caused enhanced chemical weathering rates on the Brazilian Shield, resulting in high runoff of nutrients onto the western platform. Nutrient runoff promoted the diversification of benthic oyster communities. Due to the uplift of the Marañon Massif and the installation of the Huarmey Trough, central Peru was isolated from the Pacific and from eastern deltaic influx of the Brazilian continental basement, allowing the local development of oligotrophic conditions during OAE 2. Furthermore, an increased influx of argillaceous sediment and reduced carbonate production is recorded in northern Peru at the onset of OAE 2, marked by a prominent negative shift in δ¹³C. This negative carbon-isotope excursion has also been identified in other sections in the Pacific domain and can be linked to an increase in isotopically light pCO₂ induced by the formation of the Caribbean large igneous province.     

The Cenomanian–Turonian Boundary Event (CTBE) on the southern slope of the Subalpine Basin (SE France) and its bearing on a probable tectonic pulse on a larger scale

The Cenomanian–Turonian Boundary Event (CTBE) event is not associated with a transgression on the southern margin of the Subalpine Basin, but with a steady shallowing-up trend beginning in the lower half of the δ¹³C positive shift. The SW–NE Rouaine Fault had a complex role, first in isolating a black shale basin to the west and a large, deep submarine plateau devoid of black shale to the east, then by a strike-slip movement that induced a forced progradation to the north of the southern platform in the eastern compartment. This compressive tectonic reactivation of the southern margin began around the deposition of the local equivalent of the Plenus bed of boreal basins, as shown by correlation supported by both isotope and palaeontological data. Other local data are pieced together to suggest that the whole of SE France underwent a short-lived transpressive tectonic pulse around the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary, probably connected with the early compressive movement of Africa vs. Europe. On a larger scale, other published data suggest that this pulse could be a global one. It is coeval with renewed thrust loading, volcanism and transgression in the North-American Western Interior, local emergences during the event along the eastern Atlantic margin, suggesting a slight tendency to inversion of the margin, and a tilting to the east of the North-Africa plate that could explain the large transgression recorded from Morocco to Tunisia on the Saharan Craton.New isotope and palaeontological (coiling ratio of Muricohedbergella delrioensis) data from SE France suggest that two coolings of suprabasinal importance occurred just before and during the build-up of the d¹³C shift, including the boreal “Plenus Marls“, especially its middle limestone bed and its SE France equivalent.Regarding the extinction of the genus Thalmaninella and Rotalipora and during the event, neither anoxia nor climate changes can fully explain the palaeontological crisis, given that Rotalipora cushmani crosses the first phase of anoxia without harm, as well as the two coolings, not only in SE France but on a large scale, as shown by the correlation of the published data. This extinction needs alternative explanations as we challenge both anoxia and climate as major causes.     

2002~2005年长白山火山气体的释放特征与地球化学异常研究——多源高光谱遥感证据

长白山火山区是我国具有潜在喷发危险的活火山,在2002~2005年火山活动性增强出现了岩浆房扰动。利用卫星遥感技术具有观测范围大、观测时间长且连续的优势。因此,本文利用对流层污染探测仪（MOPITT）和大气红外探测仪（AIRS）高光谱遥感数据提取了2002~2005年长白山天池火山区CO总量、O₃总量、水汽总量和地表温度异常信息,讨论了高光谱遥感气体地球化学异常信息与火山活动性之间的关系,并对2002~2005年长白山天池火山区火山活动性进行了研究。结果表明,高光谱遥感数据观测到的气体地球化学（CO、O₃、水汽）异常与地震、形变监测结果以及地面流体（CO₂、He、H₂）观测结果相一致,表明MOPITT和AIRS高光谱遥感卫星观测到的气体异常变化较好地反映了2002~2005年大规模的深部岩浆局部扰动。在2002~2005年火山活动期间,CO总量、O₃总量、水汽总量和地表温度均出现了显著异常且异常出现时段相应准偏差显著增大,反映了气体逸出量在时间上具有不均一性,可能与火山、地震活动过程中地应力的作用和变化有关。从气体异常持续的时间以及地面观测结果综合分析,2002~2005年岩浆房扰动并没有产生长时间的地幔物质流的上升和迁移。在火山活动性增强的时间段内,地表温度出现异常低值,这可能与太平洋板块俯冲过程中引起的断裂拉张增强有关。此外,火山活动过程中逸出的气体进入大气圈产生大气化学反应也会导致高光谱遥感所观测到的气体地球化学异常。研究结果为2002~2005年长白山火山活动性的研究提供了来自高光谱遥感数据的气体地球化学新证据,也对高光谱分辨率遥感数据在火山活动规律的研究以及火山监测中的应用具有一定意义。