油田地面工程地理信息系统的设计与开发

根据油田地面集输数据的分布特点,采用SuperMap空间数据处理技术和二三维一体化技术,并紧密结合数字油田和物联网理念,探索与研究基于数据层、服务层和应用层的Browse/Servre模式油田地面工程地理信息系统,旨在为油田集输管理提供基础依据,提高油田事故预警、投资决策的科学性。     

基于CBERS的黄河湿地生物量反演研究

本研究以黄河湿地郑州段为研究区,利用RS与GIS技术,基于2009年5月7日获得的CBERS 2B卫星CCD多光谱遥感影像和地面实测植被生物量信息,采用回归算法构建反演模型,经对比分析得到最优计算模型。结果表明,反演模型计算精度达到86.32%,利用CBERS 2B卫星CCD多光谱遥感影像可满足植被生物量的反演需要。     

Integrating environmental variables and WorldView-2 image data to improve the prediction and mapping of Thaumastocoris peregrinus (bronze bug) damage in plantation forests

This study integrated environmental variables together with high spectral resolution WorldView-2 imagery to detect and map Thaumastocoris peregrinus damage in Eucalypt plantation forests in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The WorldView-2 bands, vegetation indices and environmental variables were entered separately into PLS regression models to predict T. peregrinus damage. The datasets were then integrated to test the collective strength in predicting T. peregrinus damage. Important variables were identified by variable importance (VIP) scores and were re-entered into a PLS regression model. The VIP model was then extrapolated to map the severity of damage and predicted T. peregrinus damage with an R² value of 0.71 and a RMSE of 3.26% on an independent test dataset. The red edge and near-infrared bands of the WorldView-2 sensor together with the temperature dataset were identified as important variables in predicting T. peregrinus damage. The results indicate the potential of integrating WorldView-2 data and environmental variables to improve the mapping and monitoring of insect outbreaks in plantation forests. The result is critical for plantation health monitoring using a new sensor which contains important vegetation wavelengths.     

Determination of the crop row orientations from Formosat-2 multi-temporal and panchromatic images

This paper presents a technique developed for the retrieval of the orientation of crop rows, over anthropic lands dedicated to agriculture in order to further improve estimate of crop production and soil erosion management. Five crop types are considered: wheat, barley, rapeseed, sunflower, corn and hemp. The study is part of the multi-sensor crop-monitoring experiment, conducted in 2010 throughout the agricultural season (MCM’10) over an area located in southwestern France, near Toulouse. The proposed methodology is based on the use of satellite images acquired by Formosat-2, at high spatial resolution in panchromatic and multispectral modes (with spatial resolution of 2 and 8 m, respectively). Orientations are derived and evaluated for each image and for each plot, using directional spatial filters (45° and 135°) and mathematical morphology algorithms. “Single-date” and “multi-temporal” approaches are considered. The single-date analyses confirm the good performances of the proposed method, but emphasize the limitation of the approach for estimating the crop row orientation over the whole landscape with only one date. The multi-date analyses allow (1) determining the most suitable agricultural period for the detection of the row orientations, and (2) extending the estimation to the entire footprint of the study area. For the winter crops (wheat, barley and rapeseed), best results are obtained with images acquired just after harvest, when surfaces are covered by stubbles or during the period of deep tillage (0.27 > R² > 0.99 and 7.15° > RMSE > 43.02°). For the summer crops (sunflower, corn and hemp), results are strongly crop and date dependents (0 > R² > 0.96, 10.22° > RMSE > 80°), with a well-marked impact of flowering, irrigation equipment and/or maximum crop development. Last, the extent of the method to the whole studied zone allows mapping 90% of the crop row orientations (more than 45,000 ha) with an error inferior to 40°, associated to a confidence index ranging from 1 to 5 for each agricultural plot.     

基于WorldView-2的遥感影像预处理

对于国家新推出的地理国情普查项目,卫星遥感数据作为其基础数据有着至关重要的作用,直接影响着目视解译的结果。本文主要对WorldView-2影像进行分析,并对其整个预处理的流程进行分析整理。最终表明,WorldView-2影像可采取辐射校正-几何校正-影像融合-数据正射纠正的技术路线对整个影像进行预处理,为地理国情普查项目中的影像数据预处理提供了参考及依据,为后续的目视解译过程奠定良好的基础。     

多站激光点云数据全自动高精度拼接方法研究

目的 针对目前多站点云数据拼接存在的效率低和自动化程度低等问题,提出了基于地面激光点云强度信息的2D-3D点云数据高精度全自动拼接方法。首先,将强度信息通过三次样条插值算法生成二维影像,采用基于图形处理器(GPU)的加速尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)算子匹配得到二维同名特征点,剔除粗差;然后,反算得到特征点在三维点云中的坐标,并通过三维空间法向量对三维同名特征点进行精炼。利用精炼的三维特征点进行多站点云数据拼接,可提高多站点云海量数据拼接的精度和效率。     

静止卫星标称投影解析方法及其在FY2-C中的应用

通过对静止卫星在三轴椭球参数条件下地心坐标的标称投影公式推导过程,建立了经纬度到单位平面位置的可逆映射方程,其正反算公式精度可达10<'-20>;并对大地坐标的经纬度进行了类似的推导,但标识线垂直地表而不过地心的坐标定义导致正算公式中存在角度正切的四次方项,因此反算需要采用数值解法.两组解析表达式为查照表的建立提供了直接的数学依据,相对于迭代数值计算方法而言,解析方法更便于分析投影过程的误差和畸变.围绕FY2-C卫星地面系统工程中查照表的重建,兼顾卫星图像陆地位置与主要大陆轮廓数据的投影吻合,需要对单位平面的投影进行放大和平移,并提供多组可选择的放大因子,使得经纬度到图像点映射与查照表对应值整体误差较小.建议根据实际应用的坐标系统、卫星位置参数、地球参数选择不同的匹配参数.这种方法可以应用于图像点地理位置精度要求很高但计算不是特别频繁的数据处理算法中,如相对定标和定位,但在其他算法中除了精度以外查照表还是有作用的.     

GPS现代化后L2C的信号质量分析

分析了L2C码的主要作用,比较了GPS现代化后L2载波信噪比的变化特点,阐述了伪距观测值的噪声水平。     

二三维联动的虚拟校园设计与实现

传统的2维地理信息系统技术成熟但缺乏3维可视化和分析的能力,而目前的3维地理信息系统发展可拥有3维可视化分析能力,然而还缺少2维地理信息系统的便捷。以二三维联动为开发思路的地理信息系统能够解决这对矛盾。本文基于二三维联动GIS的设计方案,以虚拟校园设计与实现为应用实例,利用ArcEngine（AE）实现二三维联动GIS系统的开发设计,对GIS系统的开发做出了一种新的、有益的尝试。     

SPOT5与ERS-2卫星影像的联合立体定位

本文将SPOT5与ERS-2卫星影像联立构成一组立体像对,并通过立体定位的方式获取了地面点的三维坐标。根据本文立体像对前方交会的特殊几何图形,推导了立体定位理论精度的计算公式,并利用实验验证了公式的正确性,同时分析了影响立体定位精度的主要因素。实验结果表明,联合具有一定重叠度的SPOT5和ERS-2影像进行立体定位具有很强的可行性,其精度已可以满足部分测绘任务的要求。