黄河三角洲近40年来气候变化趋势及异常特征

本文采用利津站1962－2000年的平均气温（T）、降水量（R）和平均风速（V）资料表征黄河三角洲的气候变化状态。分析显示，近40年来该地区的气候变化具有：气温的长期变化呈变暖趋势，40年来年平均气温约增高了1.4℃，同时，异常高温国年均出现在90年代，而异常低温年均出现在60年代；平均风速呈明显变小趋势，40年来年平均风速减小了约1.5m/s；降水量具有明显的13－15年周期。     

Effects of vehicle,diet and gender on the expression of PMP70- and CYP2K1/2M1-like proteins in the mummichog

The mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) has been shown to be responsive to peroxisome proliferating agents (PPAs). Peroxisomes function as important sites for fatty acid beta-oxidation. Peroxisome proliferation by PPAs or starvation can lead to changes in the size and number of peroxisomes and the expression of omega-hydroxylases (CYP2K1/2M1 in rainbow trout). Mummichogs were subjected to 96 h fasting or 96 h recovery from fasting. Expression of PMP70- and CYP2K1/2M1-like proteins in vehicle-treated or non-treated controls was compared in both males and females. Fasting and vehicle produced decreases in PMP70- and CYP2K1/2M1-like proteins in both males and females. In reproductive females, decreases due to fasting and vehicle treatment were greater than in female fish that were not gravid. Recovery from fasting resulted in levels of CYP2K1/2M1 near control levels in males while in recovered females, about 2-fold higher levels compared to controls were noted. These results indicate that gender, reproductive status and diet can produce changes in the expressed levels of peroxisomal PMP70 and microsomal CYP2K1/2M1-like proteins in the mummichog.     

Calibration and Verification of Jason-1 Using Global Along-Track Residuals with TOPEX

It is demonstrated that the Jason-1 measurements of sea surface height (SSH), wet path delay, and ionosphere path delay are within required accuracies, via a global cross-calibration with similar measurements made by TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) over a 6-month period. Since the two satellites were on the same groundtrack separated in time by only 70 s, measurements were recorded at approximately the same location and time. The variations in the wet path delay measured by Jason-1 compared to T/P are only 5 mm RMS, well within the required performance of 1.2 cm RMS. The RMS of the ionosphere differences is also well within the expected values, with a mean RMS of 1.2 cm. The largest difference is that the Jason-1 SSH is biased high relative to T/P SSH by 144 mm after the T/P and Jason-1 data are both corrected with improved sea state bias (SSB) models. However, the bias will change if a different SSB model is used, so the user should be cautious that the bias used matches the SSB models. The bias is generally constant within ± 10 mm in the open ocean, but appears to be higher or lower in some regions. Additionally, the SSH has been verified by comparison with 36 island tide gauges over the same period. After removing the global relative bias, the Jason-1 SSH data agree with tide gauges within 3.7 cm RMS and with T/P data within about 3.5 cm RMS on average for 1-s measurements, meeting the required accuracy of 4.2 cm RMS.     

黑鲷DMRT1基因cDNA片段的克隆和序列分析

根据其他鱼类DMRT1基因中的保守序列设计了一对简并引物 ,利用反转录 多聚酶链式反应 (RT PCR)的方法克隆了黑鲷 (Acanthopagrusschlegeli)DMRT1基因cDNA的一个片段 .该片段长 13 8bp ,推导的氨基酸序列由 45个氨基酸残基组成 .同源性分析表明 ,该cDNA片段与其他鱼类DMRT1基因序列具有较高的同源性     

Microsomal estrogen metabolism in channel catfish

Our goal was to study the involvement of cytochrome P450 genes in estrogen metabolism and the extent to which the potentially carcinogenic 4-hydroxyestradiol metabolite is formed by channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus; CC). Estradiol metabolism and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity were assessed in several tissues from fish collected from three variably contaminated sites in the Mississippi River Delta, from laboratory control fish, and from fish exposed to 20 mg/kg benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) i.p. for 4 days. Liver EROD activity was induced by BaP, but Delta fish EROD activities were not statistically higher than activities in control fish. Gill microsomal EROD activity was also induced by BaP, but activities were 8- to 77-fold lower than those from liver. The predominant estrogen metabolites formed by CC liver, gill and gonad microsomes were 2-hydroxyestradiol and estrone as detected by GC/MS. Liver and gill 2-hydroxyestradiol formation was induced in BaP-dosed fish. The trends in hydroxyestradiol formation in field collected fish were more variable. In all fish liver microsomes there was more 2- compared to 4-hydroxyestradiol formed. However, BaP-treatment increased the 4:2 hydroxyestradiol ratio from 0.04 in control fish to 0.2 in BaP-exposed fish, suggesting that BaP induces the formation of the potentially genotoxic estrogen metabolite. No detectable 4-hydroxyestradiol was produced by gill and gonad microsomes. These results will ultimately help in determining which fish P450 genes are susceptible to environmental contamination and may be involved in estrogen genotoxicity.     

大菱鲆产卵季节对卵子的生物学及生化特征的影响

于2000年6－8月，采用现场测定和生化分析方法，研究了大菱Ping雌鱼产卵盛期和产卵晚期卵子的生物学特征及生化组成。结果表明，大菱Ping卵子的生物学特征及生化组成随着产卵季节的进程而改变。产卵晚期的卵子卵径小于产卵盛期，每粒卵子含水量及重量均高于晚期，盛期卵子的粗蛋白、脂肪、灰分占干重的百分比低于晚期卵子。在产卵晚期，中性脂所产卵盛期有明显增加，而20：5（n－3）、20：4（n－6）水平比产卵盛期有明显增加，而20：5（n－3）、20：4（n－6）、22：5（n－3）和22：6（n－3）的水平则明显下降。产卵盛期卵子的孵化率和存活力要高于晚期。     

青岛和烟台滨海海、气温差的时间变化

本文根据近３０ａ来青岛和烟台逐月气温及滨海水温资料，分析了青岛和烟台海、气温差的时间变化，发现秋、冬季节南岸青岛海、气温差大于北岸烟台；春、夏季则相反．通常当年平均或季平均气温为负距平时，年平均或冬季平均海、气温差为正距平，而夏季平均海、气温差为负距平，对于ＥｌＮｉｎｏ及反ＥｌＮｉｎｏ年结论与之相反．     

正确的网片剪裁计算理论及其网片单、双完成计算公式

本文报道了网片剪裁计算理论,网片单、双完成计算公式,正确的网片剪裁单、双完成计算理论和计算公式,对国外的几何作图和网片剪裁循环比例的基本计算理论,作了进一步的网片剪裁实践和理论对比。结果得出,本文的理论和计算公式是正确的。     

The Harvest Experiment: Monitoring Jason-1 and TOPEX/POSEIDON from a California Offshore Platform

We present calibration results from Jason-1 (2001-) and TOPEX/POSEIDON (1992-) overflights of a California offshore oil platform (Harvest). Data from Harvest indicate that current Jason-1 sea-surface height (SSH) measurements are high by 138 ± 18 mm. Excepting the bias, the high accuracy of the Jason-1 measurements is in evidence from the overflights. In orbit for over 10 years, the T/P measurement system is well calibrated, and the SSH bias is statistically indistinguishable from zero. Also reviewed are over 10 years of geodetic results from the Harvest experiment.