基于Sentinel-1A的南昌市时间序列InSAR地面沉降监测

本文基于2016-01~2018-07的Sentinel-1A数据,采用PS-InSAR和SBAS-InSAR时序处理方法获取南昌市主城区地面形变信息,对比2种监测结果,分析产生不均匀地面形变的原因。结果表明,2种时序技术的监测结果相关性较高,南昌市主城区的形变趋势为西北抬升、东南下沉。形变区空间分布存在梅岭抬升区、南昌西火车站沉降区、赣江东岸沉降区、邓家埠沉降区和南钢沉降区,主要受地质构造、含水层介质、地下水开采和城市建设等因素影响。     

基于多目标遗传算法和FLUS模型的西北农牧交错带土地利用优化配置

西北农牧交错带生态环境脆弱,区位特殊性和生态重要性使其在我国社会经济发展和生态环境保护方面具有重要战略意义。通过对该区域进行土地利用优化配置,使有限的土地资源支撑起生态环境保护和经济发展的重任是本文的出发点。多目标遗传算法和FLUS模型的应用可以从多方面（数量结构、空间布局、综合效益）完善土地利用优化配置,为土地利用优化配置提供更多的选择方案。本文选用多目标遗传算法和FLUS模型对该区域进行2025年的土地利用变化模拟,通过设置自然发展、生态保护优先、经济发展优先、生态-经济均衡4种情景,探讨了如何在兼顾生态环境保护与社会经济发展的情况下进行土地利用的优化配置。结果表明,基于生态-经济均衡情景下的优化方案,土地利用类型的数量结构和空间布局更为合理,其综合效益优于另外3种情景。该情景在合理限制经济发展速度的前提下,使生态建设获得稳定发展,其经济效益较生态保护优先情景下增长了8.96%,生态效益较经济发展优先情景下增长了0.77%,在生态保护与经济发展2种目标之间达到平衡,为西北农牧交错带的土地利用规划提供了决策辅助。     

GM(1,1)幂模型的改进及其在沉降预测中的应用

GM(1,1)幂模型可用于趋于稳定或具有S型变化趋势的沉降预测,但其存在灰色建模的固有缺陷、非等间隔数据的不适用性和参数求解复杂性等不足之处。结合幂函数变换与无偏GM(1,1)模型和非等间隔无偏GM(1,1)模型,建立了无偏GM(1,1)幂模型和非等间隔无偏GM(1,1)幂模型。基于Matlab程序,以拟合结果的平均相对误差最小作为优化目标,提出参数的优化求解方法,同时提出采用Origin拟合函数SRichards2的替代方法。实例分析结果显示,两种方法拟合效果相当,均可用于沉降预测。结合两者的应用效果和建模特点,建议人工处理数据时采用Origin拟合函数SRichards2;对于有特殊优化目标的情况或自动化监测设计时,可采用无偏GM(1,1)幂模型或非等间隔无偏GM(1,1)幂模型。     

ST-1无固相冲洗液在绳钻中的应用效果

金刚石绳索取心钻进要求冲洗液有良好的流变性、泥皮薄而韧,能有效防止钻杆内壁结垢,有利于内管通过。ST-1无固相冲洗液主要南ST-1高分子防塌剂组成,具有吸附在孔壁岩层粘土矿物,抑制粘土岩、泥岩水化膨胀的优点．其线型长链卷曲成团状物,渗析于孔壁表面或孔隙内,减少或阻止冲洗液向孔壁内渗透,具有絮凝劣质土、岩屑而不絮凝优质土的功能,把冲洗液中的岩屑携带到地面及时絮凝聚沉,从而降低冲洗液的同相含量,保持冲洗液的低比重、低粘度。详细介绍了该冲洗液的配制方法以及在不同地层中的应用,经过生产试验证实该冲液在预防钻杆内壁结垢,使孔壁园滑．防塌防缩径方面具有很好的效果。     

Rare Earth Magnets: Conservation of Energy and the Environment

Rare earth sintered magnets (Nd magnet) have been used in many applications such as computer and industrial equipment, automobile manufacturing and many others. They are highly efficient and reduce energy consumption because of their superior magnetic properties. The element dysprosium (Dy) contained in the Nd magnet is important and indispensable. It improves the stability of the Nd magnet by enhancing the coercive force of its magnetic properties at high temperature. Dy is not so abundant. The rapid growth of the Nd magnet may result in Dy shortage. Exploration for new deposits of Dy is desired.     

准噶尔盆地腹部盆1井西凹陷超压研究

准噶尔盆地腹部盆1井西凹陷存在明显的深部超压系统(4400m以下)。通过对超压段地质、钻井、地球物理特征的研究发现,超压段多为砂、泥岩互层,泥岩段大多几米到十几米厚,孔隙度在8%以下,已经过充分的压实,进入超压段,泥浆密度大幅增加,远大于1.2g/cm~3,砂岩、泥岩段同时具有高声波时差和低电阻率特征,井旁地震速度具有异常低值特征,超压顶面形态不规则,穿层分布,并且宏观上往往在一定的深度范围内。经过分析,欠压实以及煤层不是超压带低速的原因,烃类生成尤其是天然气生成对现今超压贡献最大。     

Dolomitic marbles and associated calc-silicates, Tandilia belt, Argentina: Geothermobarometry, metamorphic evolution, and P–T path

The metamorphic evolution of dolomitic marbles and associated calc-silicate rocks from Punta Tota (NE Tandilia belt, Buenos Aires province, Argentina) has been evaluated through petrographic, geothermobarometric, and fluid inclusion studies. Thin beds of dolomitic marble are intercalated in amphibolites and constitute the upper part of a stratified basement sequence, which starts at the base with garnet migmatites showing a great abundance of pegmatitic segregates, overlain by biotite–garnet gneisses. Peak metamorphic conditions are estimated at 750–800 °C and 5–6 kb, followed by near isobaric cooling to about 500–450 °C and 5.5–6.5 kb. Anhydrous progressive metamorphic assemblages in both marbles (Fo + Cal + Dol + Cpx + Spl) and adjacent calc-silicate rocks (Cpx + An + Cal + Qtz) strongly retrogressed to hydrous minerals (Tr, Tlc, Grs, Czo, Srp) with decreasing temperatures and increasing water activities. The intense rehydration of the rocks relates to the emplacement of volatile-rich pegmatitic bodies (Qtz + Pl + Kfs + Bt + Grt), which also resulted in the crystallization of clinochlore + phlogopite in the marble and biotite + muscovite in the adjacent calc-silicate rocks. Metamorphic reactions based on textural relations and evaluated on a suitable petrogenetic grid, combined with geothermobarometric results and fluid inclusion isochores, indicate a metamorphic evolution along a counterclockwise P–T path. Two probable geotectonic settings for the determined P–T trajectory are proposed: (1) thinning of the crust and overlying supracrustal basin in an ensialic intraplate tectonic setting and (2) development of a marginal back-arc basin, associated with an oceanic–continental convergent plate margin. In both models, the initial extensional regime is followed by a compressional stage, with overthickening of the basement and supracrustal rocks, during the climax of the Transamazonian cycle at approximately 1800 Ma ago. Continuous convergence and blockage of structures produce transition to transcurrent tectonics (transpression) with a consequent moderate uplift.     

Comparative proteome analysis of butachlor-degrading bacteria

A Pseudomonas putida strain, named ER1, was isolated from an agricultural soil and found to actively degrade the herbicide butachlor. The enzyme extracted from ER1 could degrade butachlor. Furthermore, incubation of ER1 in a medium containing 50 mg/kg of butachlor after 3 days resulted in the high butachlor-degrading enzyme activity of ER1. Response of ER1 to butachlor might be related to changes in protein composition at both quantitative and qualitative levels. Total proteins were extracted from control strain (incubated in the medium without butachlor) and the treated strain (incubated in the medium with butachlor). The proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Of the total number of ER1 protein, 11 spots were significantly changed under butachlor stress. Analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry coupled with database searching allowed the function of some proteins which were similar to the hydrolases activity or oxidoreductase activity.     

Dolomite in caves: Recent dolomite formation in oxic, non-sulfate environments. Castañar Cave, Spain

Dolomite is a common mineral in the rock record but rare in recent superficial environments. Where it does occur, it is related to anoxic, sulfate-rich environments and microbial activity. The occurrence of some dolomite deposits in caves, however, indicates that dolomite formation is also possible in oxic, non-sulfate settings. Dolomite is forming at 17 °C and in oxic-vadose conditions on the host rocks and aragonite speleothems of the Castañar Cave, Cáceres, Spain. It appears as spheroids and dumbbells 50–300 μm in diameter that internally consist of micron-sized rhombic to rounded crystals. Initially this dolomite is Ca-rich, non-stoichiometric and poorly ordered. Mg-rich solutions allow the precipitation of metastable Mg-rich carbonates, such as huntite. This soon transforms into this Ca-rich dolomite, which later “ages” to form a more stoichiometric dolomite. These dolomites show similarities to those grown under anoxic, sulfate-rich conditions and their presence in caves provides a different setting that may contribute to the understanding of the “dolomite problem”, including their initial formation and later recrystallization processes.     

Investigation of the deep structure of the Sivas Basin (innereast Anatolia, Turkey) with geophysical methods

Sivas Basin is the easternmost and third largest basin of the Central Anatolian Basins. In this study, gravity, aeromagnetic and seismic data are used to investigate the deep structure of the Sivas Basin, together with the well seismic velocity data, geological observations from the surface and the borehole data of the Celalli-1 well. Basement depth is modeled three-dimensionally (3D) using the gravity anomalies, and 2D gravity and magnetic models were constructed along with a N–S trending profile. Densities of the rock samples were obtained from the distinct parts of the basin surface and in-situ susceptibilities were also measured and evaluated in comparison with the other geophysical and geological data. Additionally, seismic sections, in spite of their low resolution, were used to define the velocity variation in the basin in order to compare depth values and geological cross-section obtained from the modeling studies. Deepest parts of the basin (12–13 km), determined from the 3D model, are located below the settlement of Hafik and to the south of Zara towns. Geometry, extension and wideness of the basin, together with the thickness and lithologies of the sedimentary units are reasonably appropriate for further hydrocarbon exploration in the Sivas Basin that is still an unexplored area with the limited number of seismic lines and only one borehole.