凡纳滨对虾CTSL基因与生长相关的SNP位点的特征

对3个凡纳滨对虾品系的CTSL基因进行单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）筛查,发现在生长指标差异的对虾中存在特征较为显著的7个SNP位点,其中3个属于外显子上的突变,4个属于内含子上的突变．B210对虾品系体重月平均生长量约为7．58g,体长月平均生长量约为2．31cm,B310对虾品系体重月平均生长量约为3．96g,体长月平均生长量约为1．48cm,HNIT对虾品系体重月平均生长量约为3．04g,体长月平均生长量约为2．18em．从市场价值来看,B210和B310品系比HNTr品系生长相对好些．进一步的PCR产物直接测序比较分析表明在生长指标较好的对虾品系,这7个SNP位点表现为纯合子;而在生长指标较差的对虾品系,在这7个SNP位点上31．6％表现为杂合子．虽然国内外有不少关于CTSL基因SNP位点的报道,但是与生长快慢的相关分析还鲜有报道,且这些SNP位点与前人发现的位点有所不同．本研究发现的CTSL基因的SNP位点与对虾生长快慢相关,将为凡纳滨对虾生长研究提供有用信息,从而有助于为对虾选育提供可靠的分子标记．     

Response of artificial grassland carbon stock to management in mountain region of Southern Ningxia,China

Grassland is a major carbon sink in the terrestrial ecosystem. The dynamics of grassland carbon stock profoundly influence the global carbon cycle. In the published literatures so far, however, there are limited studies on the long-term dynamics and influential factors of grassland carbon stock, including soil organic carbon. In this study, spatial-temporal substitution method was applied to explore the characteristics of Medicago sativa L.(alfalfa) grassland biomass carbon and soil organic carbon density(SOCD) in a loess hilly region with different growing years and management patterns. The results demonstrated that alfalfa was the mono-dominant community during the cutting period(viz. 0–10 year). Community succession began after the abandonment of alfalfa grassland and then the important value of alfalfa in the community declined. The artificial alfalfa community abandoned for 30 years was replaced by the S. bungeana community. Accordingly, the biomass carbon density of the clipped alfalfa showed a significant increase over the time during 0–10 year. During 0–30 year, the SOCD from 0–100 cm of the soil layer of all 5 management patterns increased over time with a range between 5.300 ± 0.981 kg/m2 and 12.578 ± 0.863 kg/m2. The sloping croplands had the lowest SOCD at 5.300 ± 0.981 kg/m2 which was quite different from the abandoned grasslands growing for 30 years which exhibited the highest SOCD with 12.578 ± 0.863 kg/m2. The ecosystem carbon density of the grassland clipped for 2 years increased 0.1 kg/m2 compared with the sloping cropland, while that of the grassland clipped for 10 years substantially increased to 10.30 ± 1.26 kg/m2. Moreover, the ecosystem carbon density for abandoned grassland became 12.62 ± 0.50 kg/m2 at 30 years. The carbon density of the grassland undisturbed for 10 years was similar to that of the sloping cropland and the grassland clipped for 2 years. Different management patterns imposed great different effects on the accumulation of biomass carbon on artificial grasslands, whereas the ecosystem carbon density of the grassland showed a slight increase from the clipping to abandonment of grassland in general.     

Edge enhancement for remote sensing image using norm algorithm in L2 vector space

The Householder transformation-norm structure function in L2 vector space of linear algebra is introduced, and the edge enhancement for remote sensing images is realized. The experiment result is compared with traditional Laplacian and Sobel edge enhancements and it shows that the effect of the new method is better than that of the traditional algorithms.     

西宁陨石的岩石学特征及其类型划分

西宁陨石具有典型的球粒结构,球粒轮廓依稀可辨-模糊,基质重结晶程度中-高等,次生斜长石粒度5-40μm,部分颗粒大于50μm。橄榄石和低钙辉石的化学成分均一：球粒中橄榄石Fa24.7-25.2,平均Fa24.9,相对标准偏差PMD值0.64%;低钙辉石Fs21.3-21.9 En 77.6-78.2 Wo 0.46-0.57,平均Fs21.5,Fs的PMD值0.84%。说明该陨石已达热力学平衡状态,为平衡型普通球粒陨石。根据该陨石结构构造特征、金属含量、矿物化学组成特征和热变质特征（平衡温度为778℃）,西宁陨石被划分为L群普通球粒陨石,岩石类型为5型,但已开始向6型过渡。该陨石的冲击变质程度为S3,风化程度W0。陨石母体形成之后遭受了冲击变质作用和热变质作用,导致原始球粒破碎、脱玻化和基质重结晶。     

Screening Indian Mustard Genotypes for Phytoremediating Arsenic‐Contaminated Soils

Ten Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotypes were screened for their phytoremediation potential for arsenic (As) contaminated water under laboratory‐controlled conditions. The genotypes were grown in a hydroponic chamber for 20 days in 250‐mL beakers containing As‐contaminated water. During plant development, changes in plant growth, biomass, and total As were evaluated. Of the 10 genotypes (Pusa Agrani, BTO, Pusa Kranti, Pusa Bahar, Pusa Bold, Pusa Basant, Pusa Jai Kisan, Arka Vardhan, Varuna, and Vaibhav) Pusa Jai Kisan was the most effective in phytoremediating As‐contaminated water under hydroponic conditions. This will provide new information for Indian mustard genotypes for phytoremediating As‐contaminated soils.     

Within‐Site Variation in Lichen Growth Rates and Its Implications for Direct Lichenometry

Variation in lichen growth rates poses a significant challenge for the application of direct lichenometry, i.e. the construction of lichen dating curves from direct measurement of growth rates. To examine the magnitude and possible causes of within‐site growth variation, radial growth rates (RaGRs) of thalli of the fast‐growing foliose lichen Melanelia fuliginosa ssp. fuliginosa (Fr. ex Duby) Essl. and the slow‐growing crustose lichen Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC. were studied on two S‐facing slate rock surfaces in north Wales, UK using digital photography and an image analysis system (Image‐J). RaGRs of M. fuliginosa ssp. fuliginosa varied from 0.44 to 2.63 mm yr^–1 and R. geographicum from 0.10 to 1.50 mm yr^–1.5. Analysis of variance suggested no significant variation in RaGRs with vertical or horizontal location on the rock, thallus diameter, aspect, slope, light intensity, rock porosity, rock surface texture, distance to nearest lichen neighbour or distance to vegetation on the rock surface. The frequency distribution of RaGR did not deviate from a normal distribution. It was concluded that despite considerable growth rate variation in both species studied, growth curves could be constructed with sufficient precision to be useful for direct lichenometry.     

The circumstellar structure of lynds 379 IRS1

¹²CO J=2-1 maps of L379 IRS1 show a molecular outflow seen almost end-on while C¹⁸O J=2-1 emission covers a smaller central region, tracing virially bound material deeper within the cloud. Continuum maps at 450, 800 and 1100µm all trace an identical double peaked arc west of IRS1 and VLA NH₃ (1,1) & (2,2) integrated intensity maps reveal the same double-peaked structure. An identical velocity gradient is seen in¹²CO,¹³CO, C¹⁸O and NH₃ (1,1) & (2,2) following the arc-like structure of the continuum emission.     

Deterioration of eelgrass,Zostera marina L., meadows by water pollution in Seto Inland Sea,Japan

Survival of transplanted Zostera marina L. (eelgrass) and environmental conditions (water quality, bottom sediments, sedimentation on leaves and flow regime) were studied concurrently in the center, edge, and at the outside of a eelgrass meadow located in a eutrophic coastal zone in northern Hiroshima Bay, Seto Inland Sea, Japan. Eelgrass transplants at the outside of the meadow declined significantly, whereas those at the center were consistently well established. Silt content in the bottom sediments at the outside was higher than that at the center. The sediment was oxic from the surface to 2 cm deep at the center, whereas those at the edge and the outside were reductive almost from the surface. The sediment characteristics typical in eutrophic water seemed to be a factor responsible for the deterioration of eelgrass meadows. Although suspended solid concentrations in the water columns were almost the same, the amount of sediments deposited on leaves of eelgrass at the outside was higher than that at the center of the meadow. The amount of the deposition at the outside seems to be enough to inhibit photosynthesis; i.e. photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) available for eelgrass was only 36% of that without any deposition. The deposition in the center, however, was small enough to allow 84% of the original PPFD. Flow rates, determined at 30 cm above the bottom, a half height of average eelgrass, suggested that the rate at the outside was not enough to remove deposited sediments from the surface of eelgrass leaves. Thus, the large amount of sediment deposition caused by water pollution and/or eutrophication seemed to be another factor to inhibit the survival of eelgrass at the outside edge of the meadow.     

机载DME设备对GPS/L5接收机的干扰分析

探讨了机栽DME设备对GPS/L5接收机的电磁干扰状况.通过分析机载DMECW脉冲信号的发射功率、GPS接收机天线与DME天线之间隔离度等重要参数,计算出不同隔离度时CW干扰功率与接收机容许值之间的差异,认为GPS/L5能克服隔离度较大时的CW干扰,而隔离度较小时干扰功率超过容许值.     

L1范数最小法粗差探测与定位的研究

首先对Ｂａａｒｄａ法的原理和不足进行了讨论,提出用Ｌ１－范数解的残差直接构成统计量进行粗差探测与定位,通过实例对两种方法进行了比较,得到一些有用的结论。