南半球热带外准半年振荡及IAP 9L AGCM模拟检验

基于1979—2000年的NCEP/NCAR海平面气压和位势高度场资料分析了南半球大气环流的准半年振荡 (半年波) 现象。结果表明:这一现象主要出现在南半球对流层低层的中高纬度和中高层的热带地区。对南半球热带外大气而言, 40°S和65°S是低层大气环流准半年振荡最为显著的两个纬度带, 半年波的贡献都超过了70%, 低层南半球中高纬度海平面气压场季节变化的反位相也主要体现为各自半年波分量变化的反位相。在此基础上, 检验了IAP 9L AGCM (大气物理研究所9层大气环流模式) 对这一现象模拟的能力, 模拟结果显示, 模式成功模拟了65°S处海平面气压场的准半年振荡现象, 其振幅略低于观测结果, 但模式对40°S处气压场准半年振荡的模拟效果较差。     

Non-destructive estimation of potato leaf chlorophyll from canopy hyperspectral reflectance using the inverted PROSAIL model

Optimizing nitrogen (N) fertilization in crop production by in-season measurements of crop N status may improve fertilizer N use efficiency. Hyperspectral measurements may be used to assess crop N status by estimating leaf chlorophyll content. This study evaluated the ability of the PROSAIL canopy-level reflectance model to predict leaf chlorophyll content. Trials were conducted with two potato cultivars under different N fertility rates (0–300 kg N ha⁻¹). Canopy reflectance, leaf area index (LAI) and leaf chlorophyll and N contents were measured. The PROSAIL model was able to predict leaf chlorophyll content with reasonable accuracy later in the growing season. The low estimation accuracy earlier in the growing season could be due to model sensitivity to non-homogenous canopy architecture and soil background interference before full canopy closure. Canopy chlorophyll content (leaf chlorophyll content × LAI) was predicted less accurately than leaf chlrophyll content due to the low estimation accuracy of LAI for values higher than 4.5.     

利用小波包算法实现快速近似K-L变换

分析了 K-L变换的不足 ,研究了利用小波包算法实现快速近似 K-L变换的问题 ,并对两种算法的复杂度进行了比较。实验结果表明 :提出的快速近似 K-L变换算法在精度和速度两个方面都具有明显的优势。     

统一分布下的LP估计抗差测度

本文根据定位参数Ｍ估计理论,导出了ＬＰ估计的影响函数,分析了ＬＰ估计的抗差能力,同时还推导了ＬＰ估计的渐近效率,综合抗差能力和效率,分析了ＬＰ估计的优劣性,明确指出,用现测数据中含有粗差扰动的数据和Ｐ为（１,１．２５）的ＬＰ估计进行处理,结果较优,效率较高。     

Flood frequency analysis of Turkey using L‐moments method

The index flood procedure coupled with the L‐moments method is applied to the annual flood peaks data taken at all stream‐gauging stations in Turkey having at least 15‐year‐long records. First, screening of the data is done based on the discordancy measure (D_i) in terms of the L‐moments. Homogeneity of the total geographical area of Turkey is tested using the L‐moments based heterogeneity measure, H, computed on 500 simulations generated using the four parameter Kappa distribution. The L‐moments analysis of the recorded annual flood peaks data at 543 gauged sites indicates that Turkey as a whole is hydrologically heterogeneous, and 45 of 543 gauged sites are discordant which are discarded from further analyses. The catchment areas of these 543 sites vary from 9·9 to 75121 km² and their mean annual peak floods vary from 1·72 to 3739·5 m³ s^?1. The probability distributions used in the analyses, whose parameters are computed by the L‐moments method are the general extreme values (GEV), generalized logistic (GLO), generalized normal (GNO), Pearson type III (PE3), generalized Pareto (GPA), and five‐parameter Wakeby (WAK). Based on the L‐moment ratio diagrams and the |Z_dist|‐statistic criteria, the GEV distribution is identified as the robust distribution for the study area (498 gauged sites). Hence, for estimation of flood magnitudes of various return periods in Turkey, a regional flood frequency relationship is developed using the GEV distribution. Next, the quantiles computed at all of 543 gauged sites by the GEV and the Wakeby distributions are compared with the observed values of the same probability based on two criteria, mean absolute relative error and determination coefficient. Results of these comparisons indicate that both distributions of GEV and Wakeby, whose parameters are computed by the L‐moments method, are adequate in predicting quantile estimates. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

方格星虫多糖对小鼠免疫活性的影响

研究了方格星虫多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果表明:方格星虫粗多糖(CSG)能够对抗环磷酰胺引起的小鼠胸腺萎缩和脾萎缩,明显拮抗白细胞减少,对正常小鼠免疫器官没有明显的增重作用;对正常小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬中性红能力有显著的增强作用。方格星虫多糖粗品(CSG)和精制多糖(SG1和SG2)能够促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖,且能与ConA协同作用。     

Species delimitation in the green algal genus Codium (Bryopsidales) from Korea using DNA barcoding

Codium, one of the largest marine green algal genera, is difficult to delimit species boundary accurately based on morphological identification only. DNA barcoding is a powerful tool for discriminating species of seaweeds. The plastid elongation factor TU(tuf A) is considered as maker to perform DNA barcoding of green algal species than rbc L gene due to universality and rapid evolution rate. We conducted DNA barcoding application to Codium specimens from the Jeju Island, Korea to overcome the limit of morphological identification and to confirm the species diversity. As a result of applying tuf A marker, we newly generated fifty-five tuf A barcodes to resolve eight species. Tuf A marker exhibited 6.1%–21.8% interspecific divergences, wider than the gap of rbc L exon 1,3.5%–11.5%. Molecular analysis of rbc L exon 1 sequences of Codium revealed eight distinct species like tuf A analysis separated in five phylogenetic groups. DNA barcoding of the genus Codium using tuf A marker is more helpful to overcome the limit of morphological identification, and this is more potential to reveal cryptic species and to resolve the relationships among subspecies than rbc L analysis alone. The complement of tuf A barcoding and rbc L analyses including morphology for the genus Codium in the northwestern Pacific will give much more reliable achievement for discovering species diversity and resolving the phylogenetic relationships.     

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桑托斯盆地L构造Aptian期火山喷发旋回特征与Itapema组介壳灰岩沉积

桑托斯盆地裂陷初期岩浆活动与储层发育关系密切。本文以盆地L区块火成岩-介壳灰岩复合体为研究对象,通过对火成岩岩石学、年代学测试及钻井、测井资料分析等,首次明确了桑托斯盆地裂陷初期岩浆活动特征及其对介壳灰岩沉积过程的控制,并指出介壳灰岩储层的分布特征。L区块内火成岩分属晚白垩世Santonian期—Campanian期和早白垩世Aptian两期岩浆活动产物,并以Aptian期为主,至少经历了7次不连续喷发和3次侵入过程,形成了块状玄武岩、杏仁状玄武岩和玻基斑状玄武岩(含再沉积玻基斑状玄武岩)等喷发相火成岩和以辉绿岩(局部属粗玄岩)、煌斑岩形式产出的侵入相火成岩。Aptian期岩浆多期活动重塑了古地貌,形成了局部构造凸起,促成并控制了下白垩统Itapema组至少6期介壳灰岩沉积,最终形成了～620 m厚火成岩-介壳灰岩复合体。介壳灰岩储层呈透镜体形状,以“散点式”不连续分布在Aptian期盆内古隆、古断阶(坡)等区域,横向连续性差,垂向连通性受限,其发育规模和质量受古地貌及水深条件等影响。     

基于滑动L2优化准则的GPS坐标时间序列重构

GPS坐标时间序列中不仅包含白噪声,还包含闪烁噪声、随机漫步噪声等有色噪声,这些噪声将影响GPS应用的可靠性,甚至可能对一些地球物理现象做出错误的解释,因此降低GPS坐标时间序列中有色噪声的影响、提高GPS精度是一个重要和基本的问题。提出了一种滑动L₂优化估计方法(ML₂),通过选取合适的窗口建立L₂优化模型,再利用交替迭代乘子法求解每段时间序列的优化问题,并逐年滑动得到整段GPS坐标时间序列的估计。实验结果表明,ML₂方法与奇异谱分析、小波分解、滑动普通最小二乘法相比具有更好的重构效果。