Multivariate homogeneity testing in a northern case study in the province of Quebec,Canada

In regional frequency analysis, the examination of the regional homogeneity represents an important step of the procedure. Flood events possess multivariate characteristics which can not be handled by classical univariate regional procedures. For instance, classical procedures do not allow to assess regional homogeneity while taking into consideration flood peak, volume and duration. Chebana and Ouarda proposed multivariate discordancy and homogeneity tests. They carried out a simulation study to evaluate the performance of these tests. In the present paper, practical aspects are investigated jointly on flood peak and flood volume of a data set from the Côte‐Nord region in the province of Quebec, Canada. It is shown that, after removing the discordant sites, the remaining ones constitute a homogeneous region for the volumes and heterogeneous region for the peaks. However, if both variables are jointly considered, the obtained region is possibly homogeneous. Furthermore, the results demonstrate the usefulness of the bivariate test to take into account the dependence structure between the variables representing the event, and to take advantage of more information from the hydrograph. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Passive and active control of three‐dimensional buildings

The majority of the recent research effort on structural control considers two‐dimensional plane structures. However, not all buildings can be modelled as plane structures, thus limiting the capability of the proposed procedures only to regular and symmetrical structures. A new procedure is developed in this paper to analyse three‐dimensional buildings utilizing passive and active control devices. In the building model, the floors are assumed rigid in their own plane resulting in three degrees of freedom at each floor. Two types of active control devices utilizing an active tuned mass damper and an active bracing system are considered. The effect of passive mass dampers and active control force in the equations of motion is incorporated by using the Hamilton's principle. The passive parameters of the dampers as well as the controller gain is then optimized using a genetic based optimizer where the H₂, H_∞ and L₁ norms are taken as the objective functions. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

进口大菱鲆Scophthalmus maximus L.苗种的遗传结构分析

利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)和微卫星两种分子标记技术分析了从法国(F)、英国(E)、西班牙(S)引进我国的三个大菱鲆群体的遗传结构。20个RAPD随机引物对每个群体各20尾大菱鲆的基因组DNA进行扩增，共获得125个重复性好且谱带清晰的RAPD标记，片段大小在200—2500bp之间，三群体的多态位点比例在12．80％—20．00％之间，Nei基因多样性指数在0．0142—0．0352之间，Shannon多样性指数在0．0423—0．0720之间。微卫星引物的分析结果与RAPD一致。总体上，三个群体的遗传多样性均较低，其中西班牙群体遗传多样性水平最高，英国群体次之，而法国群体最低。利用Shannon多样性指数和Nei多样性指数估算群体遗传变异的来源，两者得出一致的结论：群体问遗传分化很弱。AMOVA分析结果进一步证实了shannon多样性指数和Nei基因多样性指数的分析结果：群体的遗传变异有97％以上是由群体内个体问的遗传变异引起的，遗传变异主要来自于群体内个体间，显著性检验表明群体间的变异对总变异的影响不显著。实验结果证明我国进口大菱鲆群体种质较单一。     

泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)病原温和气单胞菌(Aeromonas sobria)分子鉴定及耐药性研究

采用常规生理生化特性测定及16SrRNA、gyrB及rpoD基因同源性检索与系统发育学分析等分子生物学方法,对引起养殖泥鳅大量死亡的病原细菌进行了综合鉴定。生理生化特性结果表明,分离菌株NQ090701与气单胞菌属的温和气单胞菌相近;16SrRNA、gyrB及rpoD基因Blast序列同源性检索与系统发育学分析均与温和气单胞菌相似性最高;综合形态与生理生化特征及16SrRNA、gyrB与rpoD基因的分子特征,确认分离菌株NQ090701为温和气单胞菌(Aeromonas sobria)。同时,采用试管稀释法测定了养殖生产中常用的10种抗菌药物对病原温和气单胞菌的体外最小杀菌浓度(Minimal Bactericidal Concentration,MBC),结果表明氟哌酸杀菌作用最好,其次为盐酸沙拉沙星;甲砜霉素和复方磺胺甲恶唑在所试验的药物浓度范围对温和气单胞菌无杀菌效果。     

流速对封闭循环水养殖大菱鲆生长、摄食及水质氮素的影响

在封闭循环水高密度养殖条件下(平均密度14.1 kg/m²±0.51 kg/m²), 设置4 个流速梯度(200, 400,600, 800 L/h,分别以A～D 组表示), 挑选相近体质量(200.3g±7.6 g)的大菱鲆进行42 d 养殖试验, 每个梯度设置3 个重复, 每个重复55 尾鱼, 研究流速对封闭循环水养殖大菱鲆生长、摄食以及水质氮素的影响。试验结果表明: (1) 大菱鲆(Scophthatmus maximus L)特定生长率、增质量率、摄食量随流速增大先快速上升后缓升趋稳, 饲料系数则相反。B、C、D 3 组特定生长率、摄食量分别显著高于A 组30.77%～52.31%、17.30%～22.05%; 饲料系数则显著低于A 组13.83%～22.34%; (2) 养殖水体中总氨氮、非离子氨及亚硝酸氮浓度随流速的增大先快速下降后缓降趋稳。B、C、D 3 组水质总氨氮氨浓度均显著低于A 组53.70%～79.07%; (3) 根据流速对特定生长率、水体总氨氮二者的影响, 得出养殖的生态适宜流速为625 L/h。再结合流速对水循环动力的影响, 得出养殖的生态经济适宜流速为480 L/h。     

海湾扇贝组织蛋白酶L基因编码区的克隆和分析

通过cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE),从海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)中克隆得到了组织蛋白酶L基因(AiCL)的编码区全长,为1095 bp,推测编码364个氨基酸.经比对与分析发现蛋白序列中存在4个组织蛋白酶L活性位点保守氨基酸:Q164,C170,H309,N329;6个极为保守的半胱氨酸...     

桑沟湾楮岛近岸海域大叶藻生态学特征的基础研究

2010年8月至2011年9月期间,对桑沟湾楮岛沿海的大叶藻(Zostera marina L.)进行了一周年调查.结果显示,大叶藻周年平均株高变化范围为(16.97±5.99)~(87.60±20.68)cm,大叶藻平均密度为(613±201)株/m2,单株生物量为0.97~5.31g/株,单位面积平均生物量为594.61~3255.03 g/m2,大叶藻高度和湿重的周年生长变化与水温的变化趋于一致,呈正相关性;大叶藻生长环境水温为5.3~25.6℃,平均温度16.3℃;盐度为28.9~31.3,平均盐度30.6;底质类型为砾砂.大叶藻根茎、叶鞘和叶中碳含量的平均值分别为32.68%±1.27%、33.78%±3.06%、37.01%±1.86%,氮含量平均值分别为1.62%±0.63%、2.79%±0.81%、3.10%±0.81%,磷含量的平均值分别为0.28%±0.04%、0.51%±0.10%、0.48%±0.07%.     

菹草(Potamogeton crispus L.)对酞酸酯污染沉积物的净化作用

酞酸酯是一类典型的内分泌干扰物,在我国城区河湖中污染超标相对严重,且污染呈上升趋势.本文采用根袋法,模拟海河干流水体建立了室内菹草微宇宙,同时设置无菹草微宇宙为对照,研究了沉水植物菹草对沉积物中酞酸二丁酯(DBP)和酞酸二异辛酯(DEHP)的去除作用.实验连续运行27 d.结果表明:系统运行结束时,菹草体内DBP和DEHP含量分别升高了133%和68%;水中,有草组和对照组中DBP的浓度始终低于定量限(8μg/L),而DEHP的浓度则由初始的65μg/L和70μg/L逐渐降低,至第3 d后低于定量限(8μg/L);对照组和有草组非根际沉积物中DBP浓度差异不显著,结束时去除率为32.2%~36.5%,根际沉积物中DBP去除率达50.0%;对照组和非根际沉积物中DEHP浓度差异也不显著,始终在一定范围内波动,结束时去除率为10.3%~11.4%,根际沉积物中DEHP则在第27 d时迅速下降,去除率达80.9%.微生物的结果进一步表明,实验过程中根际土中微生物量明显高于对照组和非根际沉积物,实验后期根际沉积物中微生物群落结构变化较大,这与根际中这两种酞酸酯的去除数据相一致.可见,沉水植物菹草可以通过根际效应有效去除沉积物中酞酸酯类化合物.     

基于稀疏表达的OBS去噪方法

海底地震仪（OBS）采集数据的去噪处理是开展OBS震相分析及后续处理反演的基础.本文结合曲波（Curvelet）变换及压缩感知提出一种稀疏化表达的OBS去噪方法,并通过与小波变化对比等探讨去噪效果.曲波变换具有抛物尺度及识别线性异常的优点,可以稀疏地表示OBS数据,再结合压缩感知思想对稀疏表达OBS数据进行去噪处理和重构.通过对变换后的系数进行基于L₁范数的冷却阈值迭代滤波,获得最优的变换系数,本文指出基于曲波变换的冷却阈值迭代法能够很好地对OBS数据去噪.对比小波和曲波两种变换在相同迭代次数下对理论模型数据进行去噪处理,表明曲波变换得到的结果信噪比更高.利用本文方法对渤海地区采集的OBS数据进行去噪处理获得了更加清晰连续的震相,噪声压制效果更明显,为震相拾取及后续速度模型反演奠定了良好的基础.     

Three‐dimensional potential field data inversion with L0 quasinorm sparse constraints

The quantitative explanation of the potential field data of three‐dimensional geological structures remains one of the most challenging issues in modern geophysical inversion. Obtaining a stable solution that can simultaneously resolve complicated geological structures is a critical inverse problem in the geophysics field. I have developed a new method for determining a three‐dimensional petrophysical property distribution, which produces a corresponding potential field anomaly. In contrast with the tradition inverse algorithm, my inversion method proposes a new model norm, which incorporates two important weighting functions. One is the L0 quasi norm (enforcing sparse constraints), and the other is depth‐weighting that counteracts the influence of source depth on the resulting potential field data of the solution. Sparseness constraints are imposed by using the L0 quasinorm on model parameters. To solve the representation problem, an L0 quasinorm minimisation model with different smooth approximations is proposed. Hence, the data space (N) method, which is much smaller than model space (M), combined with the gradient‐projected method, and the model space, combined with the modified Newton method for L0 quasinorm sparse constraints, leads to a computationally efficient method by using an N × N system versus an M × M one because N ? M. Tests on synthetic data and real datasets demonstrate the stability and validity of the L0 quasinorm spare norms inversion method. With the aim of obtaining the blocky results, the inversion method with the L0 quasinorm sparse constraints method performs better than the traditional L2 norm (standard Tikhonov regularisation). It can obtain the focus and sparse results easily. Then, the Bouguer anomaly survey data of the salt dome, offshore Louisiana, is considered as a real case study. The real inversion result shows that the inclusion the L0 quasinorm sparse constraints leads to a simpler and better resolved solution, and the density distribution is obtained in this area to reveal its geological structure. These results confirm the validity of the L0 quasinorm sparse constraints method and indicate its application for other potential field data inversions and the exploration of geological structures.