Joint toxic effects of heavy metals and atrazine on invasive plant species <Emphasis Type="Italic">Solidago Canadensis L</Emphasis>.

In this study, the joint effects of Cd(Ⅱ), Pb(Ⅱ) and atrazine (ATR) on Solidago Canadensis L. were investigated. The results showed that soil containing Cd, Pb and ATR could inhibit root elongation of Solidago Canadensis L., and that there was a positive linear relationship between the inhibitory rate of root elongation and the concentrations of Pb(Ⅱ). The mixture of Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ)-ATR in soil showed a significant adverse effect on root and shoot biomass of Solidago Canadensis L. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) contents increased slightly at the lower concentrations of Cd(Ⅱ)-ATR, then decreased when Cd(Ⅱ)-ATR concentrations were higher than those of 1.0 TUmix(Cd+ATR). The toxic effect of Pb(Ⅱ)-ATR on the ASA contents of Solidago Canadensis L. was greater than that of Cd(Ⅱ)-ATR. Soluble sugar contents firstly decreased and then increased with increasing concentrations of Cd(Ⅱ)-ATR and displayed fluctuation with increasing concentrations of Pb(Ⅱ)-ATR. Total protein contents in-creased with increasing concentrations of Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ)-ATR , relative to the control sample. The NP-SH con-tents showed a significant increase up to 12.2 mg/gfw of Cd(Ⅱ)-ATR, followed by a significant decline to 4.5 mg/gfw after 14 days of exposure. The effect of Pb(Ⅱ)-ATR was similar to that of Cd(Ⅱ)-ATR but the amount of NP-SH was not higher than that of Cd(Ⅱ)-ATR.     

吕梁山西麓吴家峁剖面红粘土的古地磁年代及构造意义

新近纪中晚期以来吕梁山西麓堆积了一套厚层红粘土。由于红粘土堆积早期有水流作用的参与,导致红粘土中夹杂有数层砾石层,这些砾石层记录了吕梁山山体隆升的信息。文章对山西省吕梁市中阳县吴家峁剖面红粘土进行了沉积学和磁性地层学研究,探讨吕梁山西麓红粘土的堆积过程以及吕梁山新近纪的抬升事件。磁性地层结果显示吴家峁剖面的古地磁年龄大约为7.1~2.6 Ma。所含砾石层的古地磁年龄分别为6.2 Ma、5.9 Ma、5.8 Ma、5.5 Ma、4.9 Ma、4.0 Ma和3.7 Ma,其中6.2 Ma和4.9 Ma两层砾石层较厚,延伸较远,较稳定。结合吕梁山西麓中段卫家洼和复兴剖面的研究,得出红粘土中砾石层是吕梁山隆升剥蚀的产物,推断在大致8.1~3.7 Ma之间吕梁山有较为明显的隆升。目前在吕梁山西麓中段的研究不支持这些砾石层是古黄河或者古湖泊沉积物。

     

沁水盆地郑庄区块北部煤层气直井低产原因及高效开发技术

为了实现沁水盆地郑庄区块北部深部煤层气高效开发,通过深入分析煤储层地质条件和开发资料,并对比浅部煤层气开发数据,以含气量评价资源为基础,综合储层渗透性、地解压差,煤体结构和地应力状态等评价煤层气采出难易程度,明确郑庄区块北部煤层气井低产原因,并提出高效开发的适应技术。结果表明,郑庄北部煤层含气量整体较高,在20 m³/t以上;郑庄北部绝大部分地区裂隙发育指数均小于140,渗透率极低;绝大部分地区地解压差大于6 MPa,导致煤层气井有效解吸范围小,宏观解吸效率低;绝大部分地区煤层中碎煤比例在0.7以上,导致水力压裂裂缝较短;垂向应力大于水平应力,为大地静力场形地应力,水力压裂易形成垂直裂缝,裂缝延伸较短。极低的渗透率、相对较高的地解压差、高碎煤占比和大地静力场形地应力状态耦合导致郑庄北部煤层气开发效果较差。仿树形水平井采用人工井眼实现煤层密切割,缩短了煤层气、水渗流距离,利于实现协同降压增产,有力克服了高地解压差的不利影响;同时采用人工井眼代替压裂裂缝,解决研究区水力压裂造缝短的难题,取得了产量突破,但存在不利于排水降压和井眼易垮塌的风险,且其成本高、收效低。L形水平井密切割分段压裂技术克服了仿树形水平井不利因素。与直井相比,L形水平井成本增加2倍,但煤层气产量增加近100倍;且L形水平井与仿树形水平井产量相当,但其成本仅是后者的 40%。由此可知,L形水平井可以实现郑庄北部深部煤层气的高效开发。     

岩溶区土著植物黄荆条和红背山麻杆水浸提液对入侵植物飞机草萌发的影响

黄荆条和红背山麻杆是广西岩溶地区常见的土著植物,在这两种土著植物较多的群落中,飞机草的入侵受到影响。本文通过分析发芽率、发芽速率和化感效应敏感指数等指标,研究了黄荆条和红背山麻杆的根、茎、叶三个部位不同浓度的水提液对飞机草种子萌发的影响,以检验这两种土著植物是否对飞机草具有化感作用。结果表明,与对照相比,红背山麻杆各部位不同浓度的水提液以及黄荆条的根、茎不同浓度的水提液对飞机草种子萌发有微弱的影响,整体表现出低促高抑的现象; 但黄荆条的叶原液对飞机草种子萌发抑制作用显著,在黄荆条叶原液处理下,飞机草发芽率仅为对照的20. 75% ,化感效应敏感指数为- 3. 8191。从生态效益和经济效益考虑,黄荆条可作为岩溶地区生物替代防治飞机草的优选植物。      

基于L系统的地震裂隙模拟研究

分形技术根据物体的局部自相似特征,突破了以往只能生成较规则图形的局限性,能够利用较少的描述性语句构造出复杂的非规则图形,如树木,河流和地震裂隙等。地震断层的破裂结构具有复杂性与随机性,然而在破裂过程中,总体形态蕴涵着分形的性质,该文研究基于L系统的三维结构建模方法,用以模拟地震断层的破裂。本文通过对地震数据的采集,从整体几何结构出发,并考虑地震断层破裂的规律和岩石的各向异性,提出基于几何可观察性的三维地震断层破裂的L系统构造模型,最后基于OpenGL图形库,实现裂隙的三维可视化仿真。     

动、静水条件下苦草(Vallisneria natans L.)对沉积物磷释放的影响

在浅水湖泊中,沉降在沉积物中的营养盐易受到水流的扰动再释放出来,而沉水植物可以在一定程度减少营养盐的释放.借助自主开发的生态水槽,在40 d的实验周期内检测动、静水条件下有、无苦草(Vallisneria natans L.)时沉积物、上覆水中磷含量变化,旨在为沉水植物对湖泊沉积物营养盐释放量的影响估算及水环境质量评价提供科学依据.结果表明:动水条件下,沉积物在没有苦草的保护下总磷含量下降21.8%,而有苦草的保护下总磷含量下降17.7%.苦草根系从周围沉积物中吸收磷,1~4 cm沉积物层的吸收量高于4~8 cm沉积物层.动水槽的上覆水中总溶解态磷浓度和总颗粒态磷浓度均大量增加,并且总颗粒态磷浓度相对于总溶解态磷浓度占较大比例.苦草减少了沉积物中磷的释放,并对上覆水中正磷酸盐有明显的吸收作用.     

The petrologic characteristics of carbonaceous shale and its significance of shale (las. Lucaogou formation,southern junggar basin北大核心CSCD

In the margin of southern Junggar basin, there is a potential of shale gas with the upper Permian l.uoaogou Formation. For a detailed understanding and evaluation with the shale gas geological characteristics of l.uoaogou Formation, the petrologic characteristics of the carbonaceous shale was researched, and the results show that: ( 1 ) in l.ucaogou Formation, the mean value of the brittle mineral percentages of the upper member, the middle member and the lower member are all more than 50%, but it is the highest in the middle member, and it is second in the lower member. At the same time, in the lower member, the mean value of the brittle mineral percentages is significantly lower than the upper and middle members; (2)the main brittle mineral in each member are quartz+feldspar, and there is a same change rule between the quartz+feldspar content and the total brittle mineral, that is; The quartz + feldspar content is the highest in the middle member, followed with the lower member, and it is obviously low in the upper member; (3 )from the lower member to the upper member, the content of carbonate in the carbonaceous shale are gradually reduced; (4) the clay mineral content of the carbonaceous shale of the upper member is far higher than the lower and middle members. And the clay mineral in each member are mainly constituted with illite and illite/Mongolia inter layer; ( 5 ) in the northern margin of the western part of the Bogda Mountain, south Junggar Basin, the brittle mineral content of the carbonaceous shale generally present as a decreasing trend from west to east to Fu Rang.     

沉积岩中自生伊利石K-Ar定年研究——存在问题及原因讨论

在浙江长兴煤山全球二叠系一三叠系界线层型剖面中界线附近采集黏土岩样品。对其中的伊利石／蒙皂石成岩间层I／S进行K—Ar测年实验研究,来探讨沉积岩中自生伊利石K—Ar测年在确定沉积地层时代方面的可行性。结果表明,沉积岩中成岩间层I／S的K—Ar年龄在没有碎屑含钾矿物混入的情况下,比其对应的地层时代要年轻,其原因主要有两条,一是因为泥岩中的自生伊利石来自于蒙皂石的伊利石化,而蒙皂石的伊利石化受很多因素控制,需要一定的时间才能完成;另一原因是由于蒙皂石伊利石化过程中存在着放射性成因^40Ar的扩散丢失。     

浑善达克沙地沙丘剖面颜色变化的古气候意义

为研究中国沙漠东部广泛分布的风成沙-古土壤沉积序列的颜色变化与古气候之间的可能联系,以浑善达克沙地为研究区,测定了7个天然风成沙-古土壤沉积序列的颜色(L*a* b*)、有机碳、总氮和粒度。结果表明:L*(亮度)、a*(红度)、b*(黄度)值分别介于32.41~65.89,2.73~7.52和-1.68~17.16;L*、a*、b*值之间存在正相关关系,其中L*和b*之间的相关性最显著(R2=0.90),而L*和a*之间的相关性最低(R2=0.26);L*、a*、b*值在垂直方向上具有相同的变化趋势和特征,它们在风成沙层位处为高值,在灰色-黑色砂质古土壤层位处为低值,但L*值变化较大,a*和b*值变化较小。均值的非参数检验表明L*可指示风成沙-古土壤沉积序列的风成沙和古土壤层的变化,而a*在这类沉积序列上变化不敏感。影响L*的主要因素与有机质含量和成壤作用有关,它们都与东亚夏季风强弱变化关系密切,因此L*有明确的古气候意义;L*低值对有机质含量增加和成壤作用的加强具有指示作用,是东亚夏季风增强的信号。基于颜色参数L*可以很好地重建中国沙漠东部风成沙-古土壤沉积序列的古气候变化。