数字地图出版技术分析

介绍了信息时代数字地图出版的工艺流程及其支撑技术；通过对现阶段数字地图出版支撑技术应用于数字地图制图系统的比较，分析了数字地图出版技术研究的现状和存在的主要问题，探讨了数字地图出版技术的发展趋势。     

时尚装修营造健康医疗环境

医疗建筑最终目的是要营造一个合理、舒适的就医环境，装饰装修是使其实现的最后一个重要环节。医疗建筑的每个功能分区都有它特有的属性，怎样设计才能既满足使用要求又能满足个性化需求？本文进行了较全面的概述。     

青藏高原冰芯定年方法回顾及新技术展望

冰芯高分辨率高保真地记录了过去不同时间尺度气候环境变化历史,而冰芯精确定年是重建过去气候环境演化的先决条件。通过回顾青藏高原冰芯定年的常用方法,提出了目前冰芯定年仍存在的挑战和机遇。通常的冰芯定年方法包括基于冰芯季节变化信号的数年层方法、放射性标志层定年、冰川流动模型、基于其他已知时间序列的对比定年,以及放射性同位素定年。最可靠的方法是数年层的方法,但受到冰川中下部年层逐渐减薄的制约,冰川流动模型主要应用于冰芯中下部定年,但存在不确定性较大而且难以验证的难题。未来冰芯学科发展对冰芯定年提出了更高要求,随着测量技术与手段的突破,新的方法与技术开始在极地冰芯与高山冰芯定年研究中展示了广泛的应用前景。冰芯连续测量技术（如冰芯同位素连续测量技术、激光剥蚀等离子体质谱技术）大幅度提高了冰芯测量结果的时间精度,有可能把数年层的定年方法延推到冰芯底部;基于“原子阱痕量分析”（Atom Trap Trace Analysis,ATTA）的惰性气体（⁸⁵Kr、⁸¹Kr、³⁹Ar）放射性测年技术是一项革命性的技术,由于惰性气体在大气中的稳定性与均匀性使其在不同时间尺度冰川冰的绝对定年中发挥出优势。低浓度的可溶性有机碳的¹⁴C定年也从实验室探索阶段开始转入试用阶段,而且用冰量低,有望解决冰芯中碳含量低,定年困难的窘迫状况。此外,人类活动影响之前处于自然背景下的冰芯³H低本底测量技术结合数据处理方法,有望恢复过去100~200年与太阳活动周期相关的信号,将补充放射性标志层只有近代结果的不足。这些新的技术与方法在冰芯定年中的应用有望进一步推动中低纬度高山冰芯研究。     

Forest carbon storage and tree carbon pool dynamics under natural forest protection program in northeastern China

The Natural Forest Protection(NFP) program is one of the Six Key Forestry Projects which were adopted by the Chinese Government since the 1980s to address important natural issues in China. It advanced to protecting and restoring the structures and functions of the natural forests through sustainable forest management. However, the role of forest carbon storage and tree carbon pool dynamics since the adoption of the NFP remains unknown. To address this knowledge gap, this study calculated forest carbon storage(tree, understory, forest floor and soil) in the forest region of northeastern(NE) China based on National Forest Inventory databases and field investigated databases. For tree biomass, this study utilized an improved method for biomass estimation that converts timber volume to total forest biomass; while for understory, forest floor and soil carbon storage, this study utilized forest type-specific mean carbon densities multiplied by their areas in the region. Results showed that the tree carbon pool under the NFP in NE China functioned as a carbon sink from 1998 to 2008, with an increase of 6.3 Tg C/yr, which was mainly sequestrated by natural forests(5.1 Tg C/yr). At the same time, plantations also acted as a carbon sink, reflecting an increase of 1.2 Tg C/yr. In 2008, total carbon storage in forests covered by the NFP in NE China was 4603.8 Tg C, of which 4393.3 Tg C was stored in natural forests and 210.5 Tg C in planted forests. Soil was the largest carbon storage component, contributing 69.5%–77.8% of total carbon storage; followed by tree and forest floor, accounting for 16.3%–23.0% and 5.0%–6.5% of total carbon storage, respectively. Understory carbon pool ranged from 1.9 to 42.7 Tg C, accounting for only 0.9% of total carbon storage.     

Molecular and biochemical tricks of the research trade: -omics approaches in finfish aquaculture

Profitability of fish farming can be undermined by a suite of biological constraints. Effects of these constraints on the biology of the animal, the functioning of a tissue, or the quality of the final filleted product can be detected with very sensitive hi-tech approaches, grouped by the term ‘-omics’. These -omics technologies further present powerful tools for the genetic selection of diverse traits and, as such, will contribute substantially to the future development of the aquaculture sector. Sustainability issues of importance to the industry, such as environmental impacts, use of therapeutants, fish health management and fishmeal replacement, can again be aided, at least in part, through the effective use of -omics technologies. It thus appears that -omics technologies may be a key tool for the responsible growth of intensive aquaculture in the 21st century. In this paper we review the current status of -omics technologies and the potential for application within the aquaculture industry.     

滇西羊拉铜矿叠加成因的地质地球化学依据

产于金沙江结合带与维西晚古生代-早中生代火山弧交接部位加仁岩体北倾覆端羊拉铜矿,含矿岩系为泥盆系江边组和里农组,属一套火山岩、砂泥质硅质复理石建造,是火山-喷流沉积作用产物,形成(似)层状块状硫化物矿体;中-晚印支期中酸性岩侵入对原生层状矿体进行了叠加,形成了矽卡岩富厚矿体,里农矿段KT1和KT5层状矿体在产状、规模、分带性和矿物组构等方面与传统接触交代矽卡岩存在显著差异,并从矿物学、地球化学特征显示具明显同生矿化后期叠加改造特征,该期也可单独形成矽卡岩型矿体,及由钙铁榴石、钙铁辉石、阳起石、绿帘石等组成无矿化矽卡岩;晚印支-早燕山期形成NE向大脉状矿体,部分小型脉状斑岩型矿体。显示主要为三期叠加型矿床,是金沙江洋及其邻区构造演化在矿区的集中体现。根据矿体类型、保存条件及围岩性质等进行缺位预测、找矿与勘查。     

探放水技术在矿井水文地质补充勘探中的应用

2011年5月30日,柠条塔矿S1210工作面在推采至距切眼61m时,初次来压顶板大面积出水,至6月2日,水量达1200m3/h。该水量在干旱少雨、地下水资源匮乏的陕北矿区十分罕见,也与矿井北翼及南翼北部的情况不同,因此需要进行水文地质补充勘探工作。补勘结果表明,工作面突水的通道是2-2煤开采后形成的冒落带和导水裂隙带,直接水源是延安组砂岩水和直罗组砂岩水,间接水源包括第四系松散层水及烧变岩水。基于补勘成果还不能明确S1210面恢复生产方案是在强排下继续开采,还是甩开大水区域重开切眼,该矿又进行了探放水工作,并利用探放水钻孔进行了放水试验和工作面涌水量数值模拟计算。最后综合考虑将矿井防治水和恢复生产的方案确定为封闭突水点,重新开切眼。恢复生产后的实际开采发现,S1210面涌水量未超过100m3/h,防治水效果明显。目前工作面已实现了安全回采。     

四川达竹金刚煤矿综合防治水技术研究

为解决东翼+120m水平的运输、排水及其通风问题,金刚煤矿决定在该矿西翼+120m水平作石门至东翼,其施工顺利与否影响着矿井延深及深部生产开拓布署。通过分析矿区水文地质条件、构造及水害的形成方式,提出了物探先导、探放水跟进,增加排水能力,优化巷道布置的综合防治水技术,从而解决了须家河二段(T3xj2)砂岩水和雷口坡(T2l)灰岩水对石门安全工作的影响,石门于2013年3月12日安全穿过了5号和6号陷落柱间须家河二段(T3xj2)砂岩裂隙发育区,进入须家河三段(T3xj3)隔水层,为矿井安全生产奠定了基础。