Verteilung ausgewählter toxischer Spurenelemente im Sediment des Breitlingsees bei Brandenburg

Distribution of Selected Toxic Trace Elements in the Sediment of Lake Breitling near Brandenburg. Considerable enrichments of several heavy metals in relation to the local geological background were found in the surface sediments of Lake Breitling (Havel lake system) (Zn: 50-fold, Cd: 25-fold, Cu: 14-fold, Pb: 13-fold), whereas Be, Co and V are remarkably unchanged if the increased clay mineral content in the more recent sediments is considered. – The heavy metal distribution patterns indicate a high percentage of atmospheric input of these elements, and according to geochemical profiles heavy metal deposition has been constant on a high level for years. – Especially the most enriched Zn which was found to some extent NH₄Ac-exchangeable deserves ecotoxic attention.     

Elektrochemische Einschätzung des Oberflächenzustandes von Wasserreinigungskohlen

Electrochemical Characterization of the Surface of Activated Carbon Used in Water Treatment Plants. We tried to measure electrochemically those properties of activated carbons which are important for using them for water purification. A success was achieved with the electrochemical immersion potential U_i which is found to be a function of concentration of functional surface groups on the carbon surface. However, the expected direct proportionality for inert surfaces between BET surface area and amount of charge measured in recharge processes has not been observed.     

一类可微算子半群高阶微分的谱理论

本文研究了可微算子C_o-半群T(t)的n阶微分算子T~(n)(t)的谱性质,讨论了T~(n)(t)的谱点与T(t)的谱点的关系,给出了T~(n)(t)的谱集的一种构造。     

地震危险性分析的双态,随机发生模型

根据我国各地震区历史地震活动的时间分布特征,本文提出了一种适用性较强的双态随机发生模型。由于泊松模型在工程中已广泛应用,本文着重讨论了双态泊松模型,并发展了一种估计双态泊松模型参数的贝叶斯方法。     

Masers, Lasers and the Interstellar Medium

This paper discusses recent results obtained by myself and my colleagues in three domains of astrophysics: interstellar supersonic turbulence, circumstellar disks, and natural masers and lasers. S.A. Kaplan, S.B. Pikelner, and I.S. Shklovskii were among those who, 30-40 years ago, laid the foundation of these domains.H2O masers become an effective probe of supersonic turbulence associated with mass outflow from very young stars. They demonstrate a very low (1) fractal dimension of the spatial set on which turbulence dissipates its kinetic energy, and, thereby, a strong intermittency of the turbulence. They also indicate that supersonic turbulence, like incompressible turbulence, has an inner scale, on which the bulk of turbulent energy dissipates in low-Mach, random shocks. H2O masers themselves find thereby a new pumping source in these random shocks.Masers in hydrogen recombination lines, discovered 8 years ago, originate in a circumstellar disk surrounding a massive star MWC 349A. They give a possibility to investigate kinematics and structure of the disk. Far-infrared nydrogen recombination lines, recently detected in MWC349A from the Kuiper Airborn Observatory, proved to be amplified as well. They are the first known natural amplifiers of electromagnetic waves in the laser wavelength domain. Analysis of their radiation, along with the radiation in other recombination lines, gives a possible key to understanding the lack of optical lasers in the Universe.     

沉积盆地动力学的研究现状、问题与展望

沉积盆地动力学研究沉积盆地在地质历史时期的地质结构特征、成因机制及其对成矿、成藏的控制作用, 是地球动力学研究的重要组成部分.30多年来, 沉积盆地动力学经历了沉积盆地的板块构造分类与构造环境解释、盆地动力学的兴起, 盆地综合建模与盆地系统动力学3个发展阶段; 在沉积盆地的深部构造背景、盆-山关系、沉降机制、充填模式及其对能源、矿产的控制方面取得重要进展.目前, 在对不同层次、不同尺度、不同机制的盆地动力学综合分析, 全3-D和4-D盆地动力学模型的构建与检验, 及学术界与工业界的充分结合等方面面临重要挑战.需解决一系列关键科学问题: 沉积盆地的深部结构、过程与盆地形成; 沉积盆地的构造-气候古地理; 多旋回沉积盆地叠合动力学过程与原型盆地演化; 叠合盆地复合成矿(藏)系统流体运聚及其资源、能源效应等.基于大数据综合集成、多学科交叉渗透、观测技术与分析方法的不断进步与完善, 盆地动力学将在其结构构造、形成演化及其控矿(藏)的4-D综合模型方面取得突破, 并为人类社会、经济发展做出贡献.     

EH4物探找矿技术在非洲赞比亚的应用示范

非洲已成为我国企业海外铜矿资源开发的投资主要目的地之一,针对非洲赞比亚铜矿山的深边部地质找矿技术问题开展的EH4物探找矿技术试验性应用研究,具有重要的示范效应.使用EH4连续电导率剖面测量仪完成的物探剖面测量所获取的某铜矿西矿区14线和东南矿区59线物探电性断面图,较好地反映了加丹加沉积盆地基底构造层与盆地沉积构造层之间的角度不整合沉积接触界面的空间形态展布,而且在含铜页岩层底板与基底构造层顶板之间的石英岩层与高阻异常具有较好的对应关系.这些地球物理信息可为赞比亚沉积岩型铜矿床的深部找矿提供十分重要的间接找矿线索.     

张渤地震带高光谱气体地球化学特征

利用卫星高光谱数据分析了张家口—渤海(张渤)地震带CO和CH4总量的时、空变化特征及其影响因素。时间上,该地区CO总量存在明显的周期性季节变化,但是CH4总量的周期性季节变化不明显。空间上,研究区南部CO和CH4总量高于北部地区;由西向东气体总量增大,在平原和山区交界的地方变化明显。CO和CH4总量背景趋势时间上受气候和气象变化影响,空间上主要受控于区域地形地貌、地质背景、构造和地震活动及地壳厚度等。研究结果不仅为研究区地震地球化学测量提供了新的科学资料,而且对地震异常判识、断裂带分段活动性研究具有重要意义。     

EH-4连续电导率仪与V8多功能电法仪试验效果分析

在龙首山成矿带小白芨芨沟-小青羊地段采用EH-4连续电导率仪与V8多功能电法仪进行不同点距AMT试验结果表明,两套仪器对马路沟及其次级断裂的探测结果均反映明显,其电性特征表现为反演电阻率等值线密集带、舌状低阻带。从不同点距试验结果来看,10、20 m点距探测精度高,反映效果明显好于50m点距;从不同仪器试验结果来看,EH-4连续电导率仪与V8多功能电法仪的测量结果均能客观地反映地下地质体的电阻率分布规律,与地质剖面具有较好的对应关系,均可投入该地区的生产应用。但EH-4连续电导率仪轻便、单点生产效率高,测量结果对断裂构造的分辨能力更好,特别是中浅层的分辨效果。     

渤海湾盆地古近纪沙三、四段沉积期古盐度不均衡性研究

渤海湾盆地不同凹陷区钻井岩芯资料显示,古近纪沙三、沙四段沉积的泥岩、灰岩、云岩、膏岩多呈现相互间隔的韵律层分布。但在不同凹陷及各洼陷内,其发育的厚度、缺失程度以及韵律的完整性却是不尽一致的。通过对孢粉资料的分析发现,当时的古气候在全盆地基本趋于稳定,干、湿程度的微弱变化不足以引发沉积剖面上如此大的岩性差异。对比下辽河、东营、沾化和东濮凹陷的沉积记录和古盐度数据,发现各地岩性组合的不一致性主要是由于各地湖盆古盐度差异所致。综合各项数据分析推断,沉积时期盆地东北部隆-堑夹持区下辽河凹陷(上游)的动态淡水不断向盆内注入,最终在西南部低洼区东濮凹陷(下游)汇集,造成了盆内咸化环境产生了较大的不均衡性。上游区咸化环境被淡水稀释,盐岩类型单一、厚度小;下游区则由于较稳定的高盐度环境,在遇干旱气候时,盐、膏层大量析出,而位处中游的东营、沾化凹陷则呈现由淡趋咸的过渡状态。高盐度咸化环境有利于有机质的保存,能够促成烃类的早生早排,对规模油气资源量的形成极为有利。