Analytical comparison of geomagnetic total field between Sino-US stations

Using observational data of geomagnetic total intensity from 13 stations in the Beijing-Tianjin region, 3 stations in the western Yunnan region of China, and 6 stations in California of U. S. A., the daily variations and their spectra of geomagnetic total intensity were analyzed and compared. The results show that the morphology, the range and spectrum of daily variations in geomagnetic total intensity are basically the same within the local extent of 100–200 km and are different in the large extent of 500 km. The latitude factor of the daily variation range of geomagnetic total intensity is about 1–2 nT/degree within the latitude extent of 25°–40°. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,14, 83–89, 1992. This work is supported by the State Seismological Bureau and the Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation, and U.S. Geological Survey.     

Verteilung ausgewählter toxischer Spurenelemente im Sediment des Breitlingsees bei Brandenburg

Distribution of Selected Toxic Trace Elements in the Sediment of Lake Breitling near Brandenburg. Considerable enrichments of several heavy metals in relation to the local geological background were found in the surface sediments of Lake Breitling (Havel lake system) (Zn: 50-fold, Cd: 25-fold, Cu: 14-fold, Pb: 13-fold), whereas Be, Co and V are remarkably unchanged if the increased clay mineral content in the more recent sediments is considered. – The heavy metal distribution patterns indicate a high percentage of atmospheric input of these elements, and according to geochemical profiles heavy metal deposition has been constant on a high level for years. – Especially the most enriched Zn which was found to some extent NH₄Ac-exchangeable deserves ecotoxic attention.     

Elektrochemische Einschätzung des Oberflächenzustandes von Wasserreinigungskohlen

Electrochemical Characterization of the Surface of Activated Carbon Used in Water Treatment Plants. We tried to measure electrochemically those properties of activated carbons which are important for using them for water purification. A success was achieved with the electrochemical immersion potential U_i which is found to be a function of concentration of functional surface groups on the carbon surface. However, the expected direct proportionality for inert surfaces between BET surface area and amount of charge measured in recharge processes has not been observed.     

地震观测质量评比的双轨制评分法

观测质量评比正在转入以内在质量为主的新阶段,在新的评分制尚未完善阶段,引入双轨制评分法。将有利于巩固第一阶段的成果,有助于推进实用化进程。本文对双轨制评分法的意义及实施的有关问题进行了讨论。     

一类可微算子半群高阶微分的谱理论

本文研究了可微算子C_o-半群T(t)的n阶微分算子T~(n)(t)的谱性质,讨论了T~(n)(t)的谱点与T(t)的谱点的关系,给出了T~(n)(t)的谱集的一种构造。     

地震危险性分析的双态,随机发生模型

根据我国各地震区历史地震活动的时间分布特征,本文提出了一种适用性较强的双态随机发生模型。由于泊松模型在工程中已广泛应用,本文着重讨论了双态泊松模型,并发展了一种估计双态泊松模型参数的贝叶斯方法。     

Masers, Lasers and the Interstellar Medium

This paper discusses recent results obtained by myself and my colleagues in three domains of astrophysics: interstellar supersonic turbulence, circumstellar disks, and natural masers and lasers. S.A. Kaplan, S.B. Pikelner, and I.S. Shklovskii were among those who, 30-40 years ago, laid the foundation of these domains.H2O masers become an effective probe of supersonic turbulence associated with mass outflow from very young stars. They demonstrate a very low (1) fractal dimension of the spatial set on which turbulence dissipates its kinetic energy, and, thereby, a strong intermittency of the turbulence. They also indicate that supersonic turbulence, like incompressible turbulence, has an inner scale, on which the bulk of turbulent energy dissipates in low-Mach, random shocks. H2O masers themselves find thereby a new pumping source in these random shocks.Masers in hydrogen recombination lines, discovered 8 years ago, originate in a circumstellar disk surrounding a massive star MWC 349A. They give a possibility to investigate kinematics and structure of the disk. Far-infrared nydrogen recombination lines, recently detected in MWC349A from the Kuiper Airborn Observatory, proved to be amplified as well. They are the first known natural amplifiers of electromagnetic waves in the laser wavelength domain. Analysis of their radiation, along with the radiation in other recombination lines, gives a possible key to understanding the lack of optical lasers in the Universe.     

EH4电导率成像系统在金属矿找矿中的应用研究

EH4电导率成像系统是音频大地电磁探测系统之一,该方法多应用于大地构造、石油、水文、地热和工程等领域,在金属矿找矿领域中应用尚不成熟。本文概述了EH4电导率成像系统的方法原理、数据采集和后期数据处理方法。用该测量系统对西藏山南和新疆阿勒泰两个铜矿区的岩性、构造、含矿地质体位置进行了解释,其结果与钻探结果基本吻合。尤其是对于新疆铜矿区规模较小的矿体赋存位置-断裂破碎带,EH4系统能够对此有很好的解释,说明EH4测量系统是金属矿找矿的一种有效的方法。     

沉积盆地动力学的研究现状、问题与展望

沉积盆地动力学研究沉积盆地在地质历史时期的地质结构特征、成因机制及其对成矿、成藏的控制作用, 是地球动力学研究的重要组成部分.30多年来, 沉积盆地动力学经历了沉积盆地的板块构造分类与构造环境解释、盆地动力学的兴起, 盆地综合建模与盆地系统动力学3个发展阶段; 在沉积盆地的深部构造背景、盆-山关系、沉降机制、充填模式及其对能源、矿产的控制方面取得重要进展.目前, 在对不同层次、不同尺度、不同机制的盆地动力学综合分析, 全3-D和4-D盆地动力学模型的构建与检验, 及学术界与工业界的充分结合等方面面临重要挑战.需解决一系列关键科学问题: 沉积盆地的深部结构、过程与盆地形成; 沉积盆地的构造-气候古地理; 多旋回沉积盆地叠合动力学过程与原型盆地演化; 叠合盆地复合成矿(藏)系统流体运聚及其资源、能源效应等.基于大数据综合集成、多学科交叉渗透、观测技术与分析方法的不断进步与完善, 盆地动力学将在其结构构造、形成演化及其控矿(藏)的4-D综合模型方面取得突破, 并为人类社会、经济发展做出贡献.     

Elimination of Interferences in the Determination of Palladium,Platinum and Rhodium Mass Fractions in Moss Samples using ICP‐MS/MS

Moss samples (Pleurozium schreberi) exposed to traffic‐related emission of Pd, Pt and Rh were analysed in this study. Successful elimination of interferences was achieved in the determination of Pd, Pt and Rh mass fractions in these samples using inductively coupled plasma‐tandem mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS/MS). Based on the results, a reliable determination of Pd, Pt and Rh mass fractions in microwave‐digested moss samples was obtained using ammonia (10% NH₃ in He) in the collision/reaction cell when ¹⁰³Rh was measured either on‐mass (103→103) or with mass‐shift (103→171) and mass‐shifts for ¹⁰⁸Pd (108→159) and ¹⁹⁵Pt (195→229) were used. The ICP‐MS/MS procedure was validated using BCR‐723 (road dust) as a reference material. In addition, a good agreement between the ICP‐MS/MS results and the results obtained with cloud point extraction and quadrupole ICP‐MS was observed for the moss samples.