High-resolution climate variability of southwest China during 57-70 ka reflected in a stalagmite δ18O record from Xinya Cave

A 26-cm-long stalagmite (XY2) from Xinya Cave in northeastern Chongqing of China has been ICP-MS ²³⁰Th/U dated, showing a depositional hiatus at 2.3 cm depth from the top. The growth of the 2.3–26 cm interval determined by four dates was between 57 ka and 70 ka, with a linear growth rate of 0.023 mm/a. We have analyzed 190 samples for δ ¹⁸O and δ ¹³C, mostly in the 2.3–26 cm part. The δ ¹⁸O and δ ¹³C values between 57 ka and 70 ka reveal decadal-to-centennial climatic variability during the glacial interval of Marine Isotope Stage 4 (MIS4), exhibiting much higher resolution than that of the published Hulu and Dongge records during this interval. Speleothem δ ¹⁸O in eastern China, including our study area can be used as a proxy of summer monsoon strength, with lighter values pointing to stronger summer monsoon and higher precipitation, and vice versa. Two decreases in the δ ¹⁸O signature of XY2 record around 59.5 and 64.5 Ka are argued to correspond to the Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events 17 and 18 respectively. The Heinrich event 6 (H6) can be identified in the record as a heavy δ ¹⁸O peak around 60 ka, indicating significant weakening of the monsoon in Chongqing during the cold period. The XY2 δ ¹⁸O record shows very rapid change toward to the interstadial condition of the D-O event, but more gradual change toward to the cold stadial condition. This phenomenon found in the Greenland ice core records is rarely observed so clearly in previously published speleothem records. According to SPECMAP δ ¹⁸O record, the glacial maximum of MIS 4 was around 64.5 ka with the boundary of MIS 3/4 around 60 ka. Unlike the marine record, the speleothem record of XY2, China, exhibits much high frequency variations without an apparent glacial maximum during MIS 4. However, the timing of MIS 3/4 boundary seems to be around 60 ka when the H6 terminated, in agreement with the marine chronology. The growth period of sample XY2 during glacial times probably reflects a local karstic routing of water, rather than having climatic significance. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40672165, 90511004, 40672202) and the Academician Special Project of Chongqing Science Committee (Grant No. 2003-7835)     

铼—锇同位素分析中试样化学预处理方法进展

评述了用于Re-Os同位素体系分析的化学前处理技术的发展。简要介绍了卡洛斯管熔样法、Os的CCl4提取、溴提取和微蒸馏方法。卡洛斯管封闭熔样方法，有效地防止了Os的挥发损失和保证了Os同位素平衡，是一种很有发展前景的熔样方法。蒸馏法仍是分离和纯化Os的有效方法，溶剂（CCl4)提取和溴提取法在许多实验室里应用，而微蒸馏则是Os的二次纯化的主要方法。Re的化学分离和纯化仍是离子交换和萃取法。引用主要文献29篇。     

塔里木盆地哈得4油田成藏年代学研究

哈得4油田是近年来在满加尔凹陷北部发现的第一个海相油田，一直被认为是喜山期形成的油藏。然而，根据包裹体测温、伊利石K／Ar同位素测年以及油气水界面追溯等多种方法对其成藏年代重新研究表明，该油田主力油藏石碳系CⅢ油藏主杰晚海西期形成的古油藏，C5薄砂层油藏则可能为喜山期由CⅢ油藏垂向调整形成的次生油藏。     

珠江三角洲地区由海风锋触发形成的强对流天气过程分析

使用自动气象站、雷达回波、卫星云图、常规天气图、探空和风廓线仪等有关观测资料, 普查了1998年7月上旬珠江三角洲地区8次由海风锋触发形成的强对流天气过程, 并对其中7月3日过程进行了综合分析, 归纳出该类强对流天气过程的一些活动特征和规律。     

面向国土资源调查的地理信息系统集成方案研究

分析国内外国土资源调查中GIS方法研究和应用的现状和趋势 ,提出基于多层次GIS集成的国土资源大调查思路 ,介绍和总结在大调查中应该关注的地理信息系统方法和应用。同时指出我国国土资源大调查的重点在开展微型化嵌入式GIS、三维 /四维GIS、网络GIS等方面的研究。     

SO4^2—、NO3^—对氯同位素测定的干扰及其消除

在石墨存在下用正热电离质谱法测定 Cs2 Cl+正离子是氯同位素测定的最佳方法 ,但实验过程中发现 ,SO42 - 和 NO3- 的存在对测定的干扰较严重。在系统地研究了 SO42 - 和 NO3- 对氯同位素测定影响的基础上 ,定性地给出了在 SO42 -和 NO3-影响下 ,部分仪器聚焦参数的变化 ,并对影响的机理做了一些解释。着重探讨了不产生影响的 SO42 - 和 NO3- 的最高浓度及 SO42 - 和 NO3- 的消除方法 ,以期指导相关的工作     

湘东─赣西NNE向走滑构造

湘东─赣西构造岩浆带位于郯庐断裂南延的关键性部位。中生代以来，该区 NNE向左旋走滑构造主要由会聚走滑和 K─ E离散走滑构造叠加而成。会聚走滑作用造就了 NNE向雁列式剪切断裂系、剪切弯曲和旋转构造、压剪性煤盆地以及断层动热变质─剪切重熔型花岗岩；而离散走滑作用则控制了该区广泛发育的张剪性红盆地、盆岭式构造地貌、以及大规模中低温热液矿床的形成。湘东─赣西复杂的平移构造型式很可能与该区地壳结构分层特征、前期断裂构造格局、平移幅度和多期走滑构造作用四个因素有关。     

祁漫塔格印支期铝质A型花岗岩的确定及初步研究

祁漫塔格小红山印支期钾长花岗岩的岩石化学成分为过铝质(A/NKC介于1.03～1.06之间),高硅(SiO2>76%),偏碱性(ALK=7.77%～8.22%),K2O>Na2O,FeOT/MgO比值高(9.4～21.7),CaO、MgO、TiO2和P2O5含量低(分别为<0.78%,≤0.14%,≤0.1%和≤0.02%)。岩石富Rb、Th、U、Y、Zr、Nb和Hf,贫Sr、Ba、Eu、Cr和Ni,Ga/Al比值高,明显不同于I型和S型花岗岩,显示了铝质A型花岗岩的特征,形成于造山后的伸展环境。该A型花岗岩的确定证明了祁漫塔格地区晚三叠世之前碰撞造山作用的存在,以及祁漫塔格与东昆仑造山带的亲缘性。     

Self‐purification in Upland and Lowland Streams

Ecological investigations at four streams in Saxony‐Anhalt have shown that there are considerable differences between the self‐purification power of upland and lowland streams. This result is reflected in chemistry and in microbiology. The structure of the bottom substrate mainly influences the degree of self‐purification in connection with rate of flow and flow velocity. The results and differences are demonstrated using the example of Katzsohlbach in the landscape unit “Mittel‐ and Unterharz” and the stream Olbe in the landscape unit “Magdeburger Börde”.     

Adjustment of a Formulated Sediment for Sediment Testing with Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematoda)

The OECD soil, which is standardised for use in the sediment toxicity with the midge Chironomus riparius revealed inhibition of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans in body growth length and egg production of 41.0% and 84%, respectively. 18 formulated sediments were tested to optimise the sediment composition for growth and reproduction of C. elegans. Their components were chosen to simulate native sediments, whereby different quantities and different clay minerals were tested. The mixture that we found to be optimal in our experiments consisted of 5% sphagnum peat, 70% calcitic sand, 0.5% dolomite limestone, 4.5% iron(III) oxide, and a clay combination of 1.5% chlorite and 18.5% aluminium(III) oxide. When applying this mixture to C. riparius, the new formulated sediment improved also growth in comparison to the OECD sediment.