基于小波变换和不变矩匹配的快速人体定位

人体定位是指在图片中确定行人位置的过程.为了提高人体定位的正确率和速度,提出了一种结合小波变换和不变矩匹配的定位方法.首先对图像进行小波变换,提取出图像小波系数;再根据行人模板的系数特征提取出不变矩模板;然后在小波域上通过不变矩匹配实现人体定位.该方法减少了待检区域,降低了计算代价.实验结果表明,该算法识别率达78.6%,测试结果比Oren等人提出的匹配方法提高了26.7%.     

基于NSCT和SURF的遥感图像匹配

SURF(Speed Up Robust Features)算法是对尺度不变特征变换SIFT(Scale Invariant Feature Transform)算法的一种改进,应用到遥感图像匹配领域中可以大大提高匹配速度,但是匹配精度略有下降。为此,本文提出一种基于无下采样Contourlet变换NSCT(Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform)和SURF的遥感图像匹配算法。首先使用NSCT分别分解参考图像和待匹配图像,得到各自对应的低频分量;然后把这两幅低频分量图像作为SURF算法的输入图像进行预匹配,降低高频噪声对匹配结果的影响;最后利用预匹配结果求解变换模型的参数,并采用随机抽样一致RANSAC(Random Sample Consensus)算法剔除误匹配点对,解决了SURF算法存在的错误匹配问题。实验结果表明,与SIFT算法、SURF算法相比,本文算法具有更高的匹配精度和更快的匹配速度,且抗旋转、噪声、亮度变化能力更强。     

不同条件下水文要素重现期的计算方法

重现期在工程规划、设计、运行和管理中已经得到了广泛应用,然而,由于气候变化和人类活动破坏了水文频率分析中的一致性基础,致使基于一致性的重现期计算方法面临挑战,迫切需要研究新的重现期计算方法。以重现期两种不同的定义入手,给出了在水文系列满足独立性假定后重现期在一致性与非一致性条件下各自计算公式,并以广东省东江流域龙川站1956~2009年的年最大洪峰资料系列为例,分析了不同条件下重现期及其变化的特点与原因。     

斜压Ertel-Rossby不变量在梅雨锋降水过程中的研究与应用

绝热无摩擦下,位涡(PV)的守恒性、不可渗透性和可反演性使之非常广泛地应用在中高纬度天气学诊断分析中,但由于其本身不包含力管项,无法描述强烈天气的快速流形等局限性,因此分析了Zdunkowski and Bott(2003)提出的斜压Ertrl-Rossby不变量(ERI),结果表明,绝热无摩擦条件下的ERI在其表达式中就已经明确地包含了螺旋度和PV的表达式,同时也涵盖了斜压大气中的力管项效应,可以描述快速流形的天气系统,具有PV所不能取代的优点,这使得它具有非常广泛的潜在应用价值。在此基础上,还利用ERI诊断了2003年7月3～6日的一次梅雨降水过程,结果表明,ERI完整地刻画了这次降水带南移及降水强度变化的特点,随着24h累积降水带的移动,ERI低值区也随之移动,二者吻合非常好。和PV相比,ERI对降水落区及强度变化的诊断能力更强。     

Effects of pore-scale dispersion,degree of heterogeneity,sampling size,and source volume on the concentration moments of conservative solutes in heterogeneous formations

Pore-scale dispersion (PSD), aquifer heterogeneity, sampling volume, and source size influence solute concentrations of conservative tracers transported in heterogeneous porous formations. In this work, we developed a new set of analytical solutions for the concentration ensemble mean, variance, and coefficient of variation (CV), which consider the effects of all these factors. We developed these models as generalizations of the first-order solutions in the log-conductivity variance of point concentration proposed by [Fiori A, Dagan G. Concentration fluctuations in aquifer transport: a rigorous first-order solution and applications. J Contam Hydrol 2000;45(1–2):139–163]. Our first-order solutions compare well with numerical simulations for small and moderate formation heterogeneity and from small to large sampling and source volumes. However, their performance deteriorates for highly heterogeneous formations. Successively, we used our models to study the interplay among sampler size, source volume, and PSD. Our analysis shows a complex and important interaction among these factors. Additionally, we show that the relative importance of these factors is also a function of plume age, of aquifer heterogeneity, and of the measurement location with respect to the mean plume center of gravity. We found that the concentration moments are chiefly controlled by the sampling volume with pore-scale dispersion playing a minor role at short times and for small source volumes. However, the effect of the source volume cannot be neglected when it is larger than the sampling volume. A different behavior occurs for long periods, which may be relevant for old contaminations, or for small injection volumes. In these cases, PSD causes a significant dilution, which is reflected in the concentration statistics. Additionally, at the center of the mean plume, where high concentrations are most likely to occur, we found that sampling volume and PSD are attenuating mechanisms for both concentration ensemble mean and coefficient of variation, except at very large source and sampler sizes, where the coefficient of variation increases with sampler size and PSD. Formation heterogeneity causes a faster reduction of the ensemble mean concentrations and a larger uncertainty at the center of the mean plume. Therefore, our results highlight the importance of considering the combined effect of formation heterogeneity, exposure volume, PSD, source size, and measurement location in performing risk assessment.     

基于原位激光粒度仪(LISST)的悬浮体平均粒径计算方法对比研究

根据2012年夏季和2016年冬季在南黄海中部利用原位激光粒度仪(laser in situ scattering and transmissometry,LISST)进行调查获得的实测数据,对两种平均粒径计算方法的结果进行比较研究,并对产生差别的原因进行分析。结果表明:无论在夏季和冬季,在温度跃层以上粒度分布以粗颗粒为主,两种计算方法差值较小,可以相互替代。在温盐跃层以下层位,细颗粒组分增加,导致二者计算差值变大。端元分析表明较高的平均粒径值倾向于造成平均粒径差值增大。矩值法强调了粗颗粒组分的贡献,而平均粒级法对细颗粒组分的贡献更加敏感,后者是更适用于将LISST观测数据应用于陆架海区现代沉积环境研究的粒径参数计算方法。本文为使用LISST在陆架海区进行现代沉积过程研究提供了参考。     

Third-Order Moments for Shear Driven Boundary Layer

A new third-order model for shear driven boundary layer is presented and tested against large-eddy simulation (LES) data. Numerical solutions are obtained using mean flow components and second-order moments as input. The calculated vertical profiles of the variances and turbulent kinetic energy fluxes and those provided by a LES experiment are compared and discussed     

基于八向链码的矩的快速计算及2—D目标识别

提出一种直接基于八向链码的矩的快速计算方法，给出了与多边形近似法矩的计算及形状识别时间比较，最后使用不变性矩和人工神经网络完成2—D形状识别。实验结果表明，本文所提出的方法具有更高的计算和识别速度。     

地球的时变主惯性矩和变化的自转(英文)

Based on the gravity field models EGM96 and EIGEN-GL04C, the Earth's time-dependent principal moments of inertia A, B, C are obtained, and the variable rotation of the Earth is determined. Numerical results show that A, B, and C have increasing tendencies; the tilt of the rotation axis increases 2.1×10-8 mas/yr; the third component of the rotational angular velocity, ω 3, has a decrease of 1.0×10-22 rad/s2, which is around 23% of the present observed value. Studies show in detail that both θ and ω 3 experience complex fluctua-tions at various time scales due to the variations of A, B and C.     

Effect of sorption intensities on dispersivity and macro-dispersion coefficient in a single fracture with matrix diffusion

Matrix diffusion and sorption are among the key processes impacting the efficiency of natural attenuation in the subsurface. While these processes have been studied extensively in fractured media, limited information exists on the sorption nonlinearity. To address this shortfall, a numerical model has been developed that couples matrix diffusion and nonlinear sorption at the scale of a single fracture using the dual-porosity concept. The study is limited to a constant continuous-solute-source boundary condition. The influence of sorption intensities on dispersivity and macro-dispersion coefficient is investigated using a method of spatial moments. Results suggest that mixing of solutes is significantly lowered by nonlinear sorptive behavior, with respect to the mixing caused by matrix diffusion for linearly sorbing solutes. Also, the magnitude of time dependent dispersivity during the pre-asymptotic regime is lower for nonlinearly sorbing solutes with respect to the linearly sorbing solutes. Reduced mixing is also observed for nonlinearly sorbing solutes under combined mechanisms of matrix diffusion and decay.

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Résumé Les phénomènes de diffusion et de sorption comptent parmi les processus clés qui influent sur l’atténuation naturelle en subsurface. Si ces processus ont été massivement étudiés en milieu fracturé, il existe en revanche peu d’informations sur la non-linéarité de la sorption. Afin de combler cette lacune, un modèle numérique a été développé ; il couple la diffusion dans la matrice et la sorption non-linéaire à l’échelle d’une fracture unitaire en utilisant le concept de double porosité. La seule condition aux limites fixée pour toute l’étude est une source de soluté constante et continue. L’influence de l’intensité de la sorption sur la dispersivité et sur le coefficient de macro-dispersion est étudié via une méthode utilisant les moments spatiaux. Les résultats suggèrent que les mélanges de solutés sont significativement réduits par les phénomènes de sorption non-linéaires, comparativement aux mélanges causés par la diffusion pour des solutés à sorption linéaire. C’est pourquoi la dispersivité, dépendante du temps, est plus faible pour les solutés à sorption non-linéaire que pour les solutés à sorption linéaire, lors du régime pré-asymptotique. Des mélanges réduits ont également été observés pour des solutés à sorption non-linéaire, sous les mécanismes combinés de diffusion dans la matrice et de dégradation.

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Resumen La difusión intersticial y la adsorción se encuentran entre los procesos clave que impactan la eficiencia de la atenuación natural en el subsuelo. Mientras que estos procesos se han estudiado extensamente en medios fracturados existe información limitada acerca de la no linealidad de la adsorción. Para abordar esta situación se ha desarrollado un modelo numérico que acopla la difusión intersticial y la adsorción no lineal a la escala de una sola fractura usando el concepto de porosidad doble. El estudio se restringe a condiciones limitantes de fuente de soluto constante y continuo. Se investiga la influencia de las intensidades de adsorción sobre el coeficiente de dispersión-macro y dispersividad usando un método de momentos espaciales. Los resultados sugieren que la mezcla de solutos disminuye significativamente mediante comportamiento de adsorción no lineal, en relación con la mezcla causada por difusión intersticial para solutos con adsorción lineal. Se observa que la magnitud de la dispersividad dependiente del tiempo durante el régimen pre-asintótico es más baja para solutos con adsorción no lineales en relación a los solutos con adsorción lineal. También se observa mezcla reducida para solutos con adsorción no lineal bajo mecanismos combinados de difusión intersticial y desintegración.