局地化方法在集合转换卡尔曼滤波同化的适用性研究

为了探索协方差局地化（Covariance Localization,CL）方法在集合转换卡尔曼滤波（Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter,     

基于众包数据的室内定位方法和平台

随着WLAN的普及,基于Wi-Fi的室内定位方法逐渐成为研究与应用的热点。虽然,其中基于位置指纹的定位算法研究相对广泛,应用效果较好,然而现有的指纹定位方法或系统仍存在以下3个问题：① 离线阶段的数据标定和定位模型的训练需要耗费大量人力物力,以及时间消耗,使系统很难得到实际应用;② 真实环境中WLAN信号波动呈现高动态性,采集的数据存在显著的时效性,无法提供长时间的有效定位保证;③ 实际环境中AP设备变动频繁,导致训练数据与定位数据特征维度不等长,造成模型失效。针对上述问题,本文提出了一种基于众包数据的模型更新方法,通过不断融合增量数据,使定位模型保持实时有效。该方法主要包括半监督极速学习机(SELM)、具有时效机制的增量式定位方法(TMELM)和特征自适应的在线极速学习机(FA-OSELM)3部分。基于上述方法,本文设计并实现了基于众包数据的室内定位平台系统。实际应用表明,本文提出的方法能够显著降低模型训练阶段的数据采集工作量,有效提升模型训练速度,并且长时间保持较高的定位精度。     

Reliable Procedure for Molecular Analysis of Airborne Microflora in Three Indoor Environments: An Office and Two Different Museum Contexts

Biological aerosols from air constitute a significant source of exposure to microorganisms in public places. Airborne microorganisms are involved in the development of certain respiratory symptoms, allergies, or infections among users and occupants. Various sampling instruments have commonly been used in aerobiology to collect bacteria and fungi suspended in the air. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable procedure for sampling in indoor public environments presenting different levels of occupancy, airborne bacteria and fungi to be subjected to molecular analysis (bacteria and fungi quantitative PCR, capillary electrophoresis single strand conformation polymorphism fingerprinting). Four different sampling devices were tested in situ in an office building (open‐plan type) and the sampling strategy chosen was tested in two museum contexts. In accordance with the drawbacks involved to our study (quantitative and qualitative aspects, cost, and overcrowding), cyclone device appeared to be most suitable. The results underline the effectiveness of this high‐volume aerosol sampling device for both qualitative and quantitative molecular analysis. Four in situ sampling collections were carried out in 1 day in the Louvre Museum to study quantitative and qualitative variations of airborne bacterial and fungal diversity. The quantitative results revealed a similar order of magnitude for the numbers of both bacteria and fungi. In the Louvre Museum, the samples yielded between 3.7 × 10⁴ and 4.1 × 10⁴ genome equivalent (GE) bacteria/m³ air and between 5.0 × 10⁴ and 5.9 × 10⁴ GE fungi/m³ air and in the Decorative Arts Museum between, 2.1 × 10⁴ and 2.5 × 10⁴ GE bacteria/m³ air and between 1.4 × 10⁴ and 1.7 × 10⁴ GE fungi/m³ air. The results also indicate that the dominant bacterial community displayed a stable structure over a short period of time whereas dominant eukaryotic airborne community appeared more variable.     

Catalyzed Reactions on Mineral Plaster Materials Used for Indoor Air Purification

Zeolites have been used for a long time for purification and catalytical purposes. Recently, first products appeared on the market using zeolites also for improving the indoor air quality so far volatile organic compounds (VOC) are concerned. However, porous compounds like zeolites can be found also in plaster material. Therefore, it was manifest to evaluate the capability of plaster with regard to air cleaning. In this article, the contribution of plaster compounds toward adsorption and catalytical decomposition of VOCs is evaluated using α‐pinene, chlorobenzene, 2‐ethoxyethylacetate, and pentanal as target substances under standard conditions (23°C, 50% r.H.). These compounds were chosen because of their VOC typical physicochemical properties like molecular dimensions, density, boiling point, vapor pressure, and octanol–water distribution coefficient (logk_ow). Hydrated lime and metakaolin were found out to have good adsorption properties under these circumstances. Also natural zeolites showed good results especially on pentanal. By investigations in environmental chambers the reduction potential of test plasters on chlorobenzene and 2‐ethoxyethylacetate concentrations could be shown. Application of coatings had no or only temporary influence on the performance of the plaster. Additional tests in small chambers demonstrated the possibility to improve the properties of plasters with help of FAU‐ or MFI‐type zeolites but the experiments also showed that α‐pinene and pentanal undergo chemical reactions. Further effort should be made on investigations also toward other compounds, especially more volatile ones like formaldehyde. Also additional building materials like insulation material or boards should be taken into account.     

应用土柱试验求解地下含水介质弥散系数

污染物质在地下含水介质中的运移,除受渗透系数等水文地质条件的制约外,还受到含水介质弥散系数的控制。污染物的扩散,首先是从包气带开始进行的,浑河冲洪积扇地包气带主要岩性是亚粘土及亚砂土,因此,计算出浑河冲洪积扇包气带的弥散系数,对于认识污染物的运移能力是一项必要的工作。本文利用室内动态土柱装置,模拟包气带岩性环境,以0.05 mol/L的NaCl溶液作为示踪剂,经长时间监测,运用弥散系数计算公式进行求参。计算结果是包气带以亚粘土为主要岩性的弥散系数为0.005 71 m2/d,亚砂土的弥散系数为0.012 47 m2/d。     

Strain distribution within a km-scale,mid-crustal shear zone: The Kuckaus Mylonite Zone,Namibia

The subvertical Kuckaus Mylonite Zone (KMZ) is a km-wide, crustal-scale, Proterozoic, dextral strike-slip shear zone in the Aus granulite terrain, SW Namibia. The KMZ was active under retrograde, amphibolite to greenschist facies conditions, and deformed felsic (and minor mafic) gneisses which had previously experienced granulite facies metamorphism during the Namaqua Orogeny. Lenses of pre- to syn-tectonic leucogranite bodies are also deformed in the shear zone. Pre-KMZ deformation (D₁) is preserved as moderately dipping gneissic foliations and tightly folded migmatitic layering. Shear strain within the KMZ is heterogeneous, and the shear zone comprises anastomosing high strain ultramylonite zones wrapping around less deformed to nearly undeformed lozenges. Strain is localized along the edge of leucogranites and between gneissic lozenges preserving D₁ migmatitic foliations. Strain localization appears controlled by pre-existing foliations, grain size, and compositional anisotropy between leucogranite and granulite. The local presence of retrograde minerals indicate that fluid infiltration occurred in places, but most ultramylonite in the KMZ is free of retrograde minerals. In particular, rock composition and D₁ fabric heterogeneity are highlighted as major contributors to the strain distribution in time and space, with deformation localization along planes of rheological contrast and along pre-existing foliations. Therefore, the spatial distribution of strain in crustal-scale ductile shear zones may be highly dependent on lithology and the orientation of pre-existing fabric elements. In addition, foliation development and grain size reduction in high strain zones further localizes strain during progressive shear, maintaining the anastomosing shear zone network established by the pre-existing heterogeneity.     

安徽闪电与雷达资料的相关分析以及机理初探

WSR-98D多普勒天气雷达和新型闪电定位仪是监测灾害性天气十分有效的手段,利用合肥多普勒天气雷达的物理量产品和中国科技大学研制的新型闪电定位仪资料,对2001年7月24日、2002年5月27日、2004年4月6日发生在安徽省的冰雹和强降水的3次天气过程的闪电与雷达回波特征做相关性分析和机理初探,发现一些有意义的统计规律：（1） 闪电发生的数目和变化与回波顶高（ET）有较好的对应关系, 而与垂直含水量积分（VIL）对应关系不明显;（2） 强对流天气的云地闪中正地闪与负地闪发生频次相当,甚至超过负地闪,但正地闪比较分散,负地闪比较集中,闪电发生的位置与强回波位置不一致,云下一般存在一个次正电荷层;（3） 强降水天气的负地闪占优势,闪电发生的位置比较集中并且与强回波位置一致,云下没有正电荷层;（4） 垂直累积液态水含量（VIL）和回波顶（ET）很小处出现的闪电是由云砧和对流云分裂的碎云产生的.     

应变局部化弹黏塑性分析的内嵌局部软化带模型

针对岩土介质结构在破坏过程中局部化变形的问题,结合位移不连续的思想,提出内嵌局部软化带模型来捕捉结构中的局部化带。通过虚功原理建立了含局部化带影响的弹黏塑性的有限元计算模式,其中分叉理论作为局部化判断条件。模型将局部化带的形成视为一个黏塑性屈服流动过程,从而能够连续地描述局部化变形前后的力学性质。特点是计算量小、物理意义明确,可以方便地整合到传统有限元分析程序中。算例表明,计算模型是合理和有效的。     

波前构建法中的网格点定位(英文)

针对波前构建法中非规则的波前四边形网格与规则的矩形网格节点之间的相对定位问题,对比分析了在计算机图形学中常用的四种网格定位方法(叉乘判断法、夹角之和检验法、射线法(交点计数检验法)以及符号比较法)在波前构建法中的具体实现问题,通过对定位方法稳健性分析及计算实例表明,矢量叉乘判断法在实现规则的矩形网格节点与非规则的波前四边形网格相对定位研究中,其稳健性和计算效率足最高的,从而为下一步做偏移或者反偏移提供了精确的网格点属性值.