脐带缆螺旋滑移分析及力学性能研究

针对脐带缆内部螺旋层,应用Darboux标架建立螺旋结构空间坐标系,推导弯曲载荷下螺旋结构的局部变形和滑移。考虑螺旋构件间的接触和摩擦作用,建立螺旋结构的受力平衡偏微分方程,并研究螺旋角和摩擦系数对螺旋结构滑移的影响。基于同层螺旋结构本构关系相同假设,将所有螺旋结构力学性能线性叠加,拟合脐带缆整体弯曲刚度。运用建立的理论解析方法,对某双层铠装脐带缆的力学性能进行研究,并与数值模拟结果进行对比验证。对比结果表明,理论解析得到的螺旋滑移结果与数值模拟结果一致,理论解析得到的脐带缆弯曲刚度与数值模拟结果在全滑动阶段比较接近。     

基于遥感视反射率图像的矿化信息识别及其应用

成矿作用过程中产生的矿化蚀变,在遥感图像上往往是一种非直接的弱相关信息。文章以川西西支沟地区为例,通过典型矿床地面波谱分析,并在视反射率图像模拟及其与典型矿床地面波谱反射率的相关分析基础上,对矿化蚀变信息进行反演识别研究。西支沟地区的研究表明,基于视反射率图像的矿化信息反演识别分析可增强遥感图像矿化信息,在多金属矿化信息识别方面有较理想的找矿预测效果。     

Structural, electronic and optical properties of orthorhombic distorted perovskite TbMnO3

This paper calculates the structural parameters, electronic and optical properties of orthorhombic distorted perovskite-type TbMnO₃ by first principles using density functional theory within the generalised gradient approximation. The calculated equilibrium lattice constants are in a reasonable agreement with theoretical and experimental data. The energy band structure, density of states and partial density of states of elements are obtained. Band structures show that TbMnO₃ is an indirect band gap between the O 2p states and Mn 3d states, and the band gap is of 0.48 eV agreeing with experimental result. Furthermore, the optical properties, including the dielectric function, absorption coefficient, optical reflectivity, refractive index and energy loss spectrum are calculated and analysed, showing that the TbMnO₃ is a promising dielectric material.     

The economics of ending Canada's commercial harp seal hunt

The roots of the Canadian harp seal hunt can be traced to the 16th Century. But in the mid-20th century, opposition to the commercial hunt became widespread after television images of seal pups being killed with clubs on the pack ice off the coast of Newfoundland were broadcast around the world. International conservation groups, animal welfare groups, animal rights groups, and foreign governments have been calling for the Canadian government to end the commercial seal hunt on the grounds that it is inhumane and that harvest levels are unsustainable. The Canadian government defends the traditional practices of hunting harp seals, argues that seal pelts are an important source of income for sealers, and insists that the killing methods are humane and that harvest levels are sustainable. Emotions run high on both sides of the debate. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate whether or not there is a purely economic argument for ending Canada's commercial seal hunt. The paper finds that the benefits of ending the commercial hunt exceed the costs, but not unequivocally. However, the paper argues there should be a higher criterion—the Pareto criterion—for ending the commercial hunt; that is the hunt should end only if winners compensate the losers. The paper goes on to argue that an effective way to satisfy this criterion is to introduce a system of individual transferable quotas (ITQs) and let the market reveal the value of the commercial seal hunt. In addition to many other advantages such as improving the safety and efficiency of the hunt, the ITQ market could provide a mechanism by which those willing to pay to end the hunt could do so directly to sealers thereby ensuring that the hunt is scaled back or ultimately ended only when it is economically efficient and unambiguously welfare-improving.     

石油污染对黄河口沉积物工程性质的影响

对黄河口胜利油田某油井附近沉积物进行石油污染状况调查研究,采用坑探试验现场调查污染范围,发现油井沉积物在一定范围内存在石油污染,污染多在0.2～1.5 m深度内,水平距离在140～440 m之间.原位测试污染沉积物强度,取样进行室内石油浓度和沉积物物理力学指标测试.石油污染沉积物物理力学性质与未污染的有较大差别,污染后沉积物的重度、渗透系数和强度等均有所降低.污染后的沉积物结构,多成块状和板状结构.     

和田玉的鉴定与评估

新疆和田玉是世界软玉品种中最好的一种,有“玉王”之称。该文对和田玉的矿物组成、化学成分及物理性质进行了鉴定分析,提出了和田玉原料及玉器的评估方法。     

岩体结构面粗糙度系数JRC的定向统计研究

本文回顾了岩体结构面粗糙度系数ＪＲＣ的研究成果，分析了各种ＪＲＣ研究方法的应用范围。在野外实际结构面形态的详细调查和深入研究的基础上，发展了Ｂａｒｔｏｎ直边法，并提出按岩性定向统计研究结构面粗糙度系数ＪＲＣ的科学思想。     

西北地区降水对陆面特征敏感性的数值试验

本文是一个用大气环境模式研究中国西北地区陆面特征改变之后影响其降水的数值试验，模式中假定西北地区的植被完全被裸陆代替，对６、７、８月进行数值积分，以便检查夏季大气环流对陆面特征的响应，数值试验的结论是：陆面反照率升高后，与之相伴随的是降水率下降，并且大气的下沉运动控制了该地区。     

A comparison of the reactions to government taxation measures of twentieth century mining companies and nineteenth century pastoralists

This paper compares pastoralists in South Australia in the nineteenth century with Australian mining companies in the twentieth century as they resist the efforts of government to extract a greater proportion of the wealth created in the exploitation of natural resources. In effect, in both cases the struggle relates to the allocation of economic rent between private and corporate capital on the one hand, and the owners of the resources, the people of Australia, on the other. It is difficult not to be impressed by the similarities in the ideologies, objectives and strategies of these two groups of resource exploiters, separated though they are by over one hundred years.     

三维非均匀地幔中深源电场和磁场的谱理论(Ⅰ)——基本耦合方程组

地球深部研究(SEDI)已经揭示出地幔中的温度和密度在大尺度下的三维非均匀结构,而地幔的电性结构是敏感地依赖于地幔的热状态的.对由地球发电机产生的非定常深源电场和磁场,在三维非均匀地幔中的扩散问题作3系统的探讨.根据球面矢量场的Helmholtz 分解定理,将支配的Maxwell 方程组分解为位势场Φ、环型场T 和极型场S 的基本耦合偏微分方程组,并利用张量球谐函数展开,得到该方程组的谱表示.以此,作为进一步研究核幔电磁耦合理论的必要基础.