基于一致性球的点云配准算法研究

针对三维建模中经典ICP算法在点云重叠度低时配准精度不高的问题,提出一种基于一致性球的配准算法。该算法在寻找对应点方面,将球体的旋转不变性与基于邻域的SVD正交一致性算法结合起来,使得配准算法能够获得较高正确率的对应点,并以此为基础进行扩散,得到更多的对应点;再使用刚性约束对错误点对进行剔除,最后使用四元数法求解变换矩阵。该方法不仅克服了传统ICP配准算法的缺陷,而且精度也优于传统ICP配准算法。     

闽西南宣和加里东期花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及对华南造山的启示

龙岩宣和岩体是闽西南地区呈北东向弧形出露,最大的燕山期—加里东期复式岩体,但是有关该岩体的形成时代及成岩环境的认识仍存在分歧,进而制约了对闽西南地区构造环境的探讨.文章以出露于闽西南地区的宣和正长花岗岩为研究对象,在详细野外地质调查基础上,开展了岩石学、LA?ICP?MS锆石U?Pb地质年代学、岩石地球化学及Sr?Nd...     

Preconcentration/Separation of Gold and Palladium by a Microcolumn Packed with Azadirachta Indica Leaf Powder and Their Determination in Geological Samples by ICP‐OES

A new method using a microcolumn (20 mm length × 2.0 mm i.d.) packed with Azadirachta Indica leaf powder (Neem leaf) as an adsorbent for the preconcentration/separation of Au and Pd prior to their determination by ICP‐OES in geological samples is presented. Various factors affecting the separation and preconcentration of the target analytes such as pH, sample flow rate and volume, eluent concentration and volume and interfering ions were studied and the optimal experimental conditions were established. The adsorption capacity of Azadirachta Indica leaf for Au and Pd was found to be 39.2 and 9.8 mg g⁻¹, respectively. The detection limits (3s) of this method for Au and Pd with an enrichment factor of 50 were 47 ng l⁻¹ and 59 ng l⁻¹ and the relative standard deviations were 4.8% and 5.7% (n = 7, adsorption capacity C = 5 ng ml⁻¹), respectively. In order to validate the proposed method, the certified reference material, GBW07293, was analysed, and a good agreement was obtained between the certified and determined values.     

Geochemical modelling of a Zn–Pb skarn: Constraints from LA–ICP–MS analysis of fluid inclusions

The Bismark deposit (northern Chihuahua, Mexico) is one of several base metal-rich high-temperature, carbonate-replacement deposits hosted in northern Mexico. Previous fluid inclusion studies based on microthermometry and PIXE have shown that the Zn-rich, Pb-poor Bismark deposit formed from a moderate salinity magmatic fluid [Baker, T. and Lang, J.R., 2003. Reconciling fluid inclusion types, fluid processes, and fluid sources in skarns: an example from the Bismark Deposit, Mexico. Mineralium Deposita 38(4), 474–495; Baker, T., van Achterberg, E., Ryan, C.G. and Lang, J.R., 2004. Composition and evolution of ore fluids in a magmatic-hydrothermal skarn deposit. Geology 32(2), 117–120]. The exact precipitation mechanisms are unclear and may have due to cooling, salinity decrease and wall rock reaction. Furthermore, PIXE data suggested that Pb and Zn concentrations were comparable and inconsistent with the Zn-rich nature of the ore. However, Pb was commonly below the limit of detection for PIXE and the data presented by Baker et al. [Baker, T., van Achterberg, E., Ryan, C.G. and Lang, J.R., 2004. Composition and evolution of ore fluids in a magmatic-hydrothermal skarn deposit. Geology 32(2), 117–120] are regarded as the maximum concentrations of Pb in the fluid. In this study new LA ICP MS analysis was carried out on the same fluid inclusion population to compare with the PIXE data in order to constrain the uncertainty related to the Pb data and the new results are used to model possible ore deposition mechanisms. The new laser ablation data reveal overall lower concentrations of Pb in the ore fluid (average value ~ 285 ppm) than previously indicated by PIXE analysis (average value ~ 713 ppm). Chemical modelling using the new laser ablation data tested the following ore deposition processes: 1) cooling; 2) fluid–rock reaction at constant temperature; 3) cooling and simultaneous fluid–rock interaction. Modelling results show that the gangue and ore minerals observed at Bismark are best reproduced by fluid–rock interaction and simultaneous cooling. Results from the simulations strongly indicate that ore deposition was mainly driven by a pH increase due to the neutralization of the acidic ore fluid (pH = 3.9) as the result of the reaction with the limestone. Modelling results also suggest that the deposit likely formed under cooling conditions, but do not support the hypothesis of a temperature decrease as the principal ore-forming process.     

连山关-高家沟花岗岩体LA—ICP—MS锆石U—Pb年龄及其地质意义

笔者采用颗粒锆石LA—ICP—MS法获得了连山关-高家沟花岗岩体U—Pb不一致线上交点年龄为2198±31．5Ma和2162±31Ma。通过与辽东地区U—Pb法、Sm—Nd法和颗粒锆石年龄比对,揭示了辽东地区广泛发育的一期古元古代花岗岩浆事件的精确年代。根据岩石地球化学特征和岩体与地层接触关系,笔者认为该期花岗岩是在拉伸状态下早期基底岩石重熔的产物。年代学资料表明,连山关-高家沟岩体为壳源岩浆多次重熔侵位的花岗杂岩体。     

钨、钼的酸溶法—ICP全谱直读法测定

样品经酸溶、定容后,在盐酸介质中用ICP全谱直读仪测定溶液中的钨和钼。测定下限钨为1.0μg/g,钼为0.5μg/g。测定结果的精密度和准确度均达到国家标准要求。     

ICP-AES同时测定地质样品中钴铬铜镍

本文研究了地质试样中Cu,Co,Ni,Cr,Ti等五个元素用电感耦合等离子测试的方法及可行性。通过多次试验,用本法所测国家一级标准样品的结果符合国家地质勘查管理规范的要求,结果令人满意。     

一种改进的点云数据配准方法

针对利用最近点迭代（ICP）算法进行点云数据配准时费时较多的问题,提出结合Butterworth高通滤波器和Sobel边缘检测算子首先对点云数据进行预处理,然后再用ICP算法进行点云配准,有效解决这一问题,加快配准速度,并在Matlab中编程实现该方法,具体实验结果证明该方法的有效性。     

Distribution Study of U,V, Mo,and Zr in Different Sites of Lakes Van and Hazar,River and Seawater Samples by ICP‐MS

The aim of this study is to investigate the concentrations of U, Th, V, Mo, and Zr in natural waters taken from Turkey. Among these water species, Lake Van is the largest soda lake and the fourth largest closed basin on Earth. The water samples were collected from 51 locations between 2008 and 2009. The inductively coupled plasma‐MS was used for determinations. The obtained U and Zr concentrations are in the range of 37–110 µg L^?1 and 17–78 µg L^?1 in Lake Van and 0.53–0.81 µg L^?1 and 0.15–0.19 µg L^?1 in Lake Hazar, respectively. The concentration of uranium in other studied waters varies from the lowest 0.09 µg L^?1 in Tigris (Dicle) river to the highest 4.0 µg L^?1 in Mediterranean Sea water. Mean Mo and V concentrations in the studied water samples were found to be in ranges of 0.1–17 and 2.7–113 µg L^?1, respectively. The obtained highest U concentration in Lake Van correlates with the highest Mo and Zr levels compared to the Lake Hazar and river waters. These results imply that there is a young occurrence of uranium minerals around Lake Van. It is concluded that there is about 50.000 ton of uranium in Lake Van water.     

全谱直读ICP发射光谱测定低冰镍中砷

对低冰镍样品中的砷进行了试验,采用硝酸分解试样,在ICP发射光谱上测定砷元素。本法采用冶标准样品进行实验,结果与标准值基本相符,其精确度与准确度均能满足低冰镍分析的要求。