内蒙古索伦山地区三叠纪侵入岩锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石地球化学特征及地质意义

内蒙古索伦山地区朱恩道欧恩呼尔新识别出一套早中生代侵入岩,主要由角闪二长岩和二长闪长岩组成.通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年确定,角闪二长岩的结晶年龄为248±1 Ma(MSWD=1.1),表明该岩体形成于早三叠世.它们的SiO₂含量介于51.82%~60.17%之间,具有高镁(Mg#=53.17~59.03)、富碱(K₂O+Na₂O=7.36%~9.83%)、富钠(K₂O/Na₂O=0.25~0.53)特征,属于准铝质碱性岩.样品稀土总量变化范围为117.52×10-6~160.89×10-6,表现出一致的稀土元素和微量元素配分型式,即呈现出轻稀土元素相对于重稀土元素富集((La/Yb)_N=9.57~15.42)的右倾曲线,且无明显Eu异常(δEu=0.76~1.00),并富集Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、Y等高场强元素,高Sr、低Y、高Sr/Y比值,具有高镁埃达克质闪长岩的地球化学特征.综合岩石地球化学特征及区域构造背景,朱恩道欧恩呼尔早中生代高镁埃达克质闪长岩类是由残余俯冲洋壳部分熔融形成的熔体与地幔橄榄岩相互作用而形成.朱恩道欧恩呼尔富碱侵入岩的形成与华北板块与西伯利亚板块碰撞后的伸展作用有关,这些新的年龄和岩石地球化学数据表明古亚洲洋闭合早于248 Ma.      

斜锆石LA ICP MS U Pb定年方法及应用

对基性、超基性岩形成年龄进行精确测定一直以来都是同位素地质年代学领域比较棘手的科学难题。由于采用岩石中锆石的年龄来指示基性、超基性岩的形成年龄往往存在诸多争议,越来越多的研究人员将目光投向了斜锆石,所采用的测试手段以往多为热电离质谱(TIMS)或具有原位、微区优势的二次离子质谱(SIMS)U-Pb测年方法,进入21世纪以来,有研究人员开始尝试采用发展迅速且潜力巨大的激光剥蚀等离子体质谱(LAICP-MS)技术进行斜锆石U-Pb年龄测定。然而,斜锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年方法仍处于探索阶段,相关方法论方面的研究也是鲜有报道。本文对前人的斜锆石U-Pb定年研究进行了综合评述,并报道探索开发出的一套新的LA-ICP-MS斜锆石U-Pb定年方法。本文着眼于斜锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年方法,探索适用于斜锆石的激光条件和质谱参数,以斜锆石标准样品Phalaborwa为研究对象,建立了适用于斜锆石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年测试方法,并将其应用于金川岩体中的斜锆石U-Pb年龄测定中,得到了较为准确的年龄结果。本文依据"截距法"的理念编制了"BUSTER"数据处理程序,并基于斜锆石Phalaborwa和金川岩体斜锆石两次测试结果将其与目前常用的基于"ROM法"或者"MOR法"的数据处理软件"Glitter"和"ICPMSDataCal"中的"无内标单外标"模块进行了系统比较。结果表明,就这两次测试的准确度而言,"BUSTER"要优于"Glitter"和"ICPMSDataCal",但测试精度则不及后者,这与相关数值拟合优度及采用的误差传递策略不同有关。另外,本文利用SHRIMP方法对金川岩体中的斜锆石样品进行了测定,测试结果与采用本次研究所开发的斜锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年方法得到的测试结果在误差范围内一致。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘上奥陶统平凉组碎屑岩锆石U-Pb年龄及物源分析

运用碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学分析方法,探讨分析了鄂尔多斯地块西南缘奥陶系平凉组沉积期的物源环境。结果表明:①平凉组凝灰质砂岩中的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄大致包含3组:第一组为早古生代的407~477Ma,峰值为454Ma,占总体的72.5%;第二组为中—新元古代的588~1548Ma,峰值为962Ma,占总体的22.5%;第三组为古元古代的1612~2496Ma,占总体的5%。②集中在407~477Ma年龄组分指示其物源主要来自于祁连—北秦岭岛弧杂岩带,588~1548Ma和1612~2496Ma的年龄组分反映的物源主要来自于北秦岭造山带,祁连造山带和华北板块基底。③锆石年龄谱综合分析,平凉组碎屑沉积物质来源复杂,具有明显的多源性,指示晚奥陶世平凉期的沉积环境应属于祁连—北秦岭岛弧杂岩带与鄂尔多斯地块西南缘之间的局限残留边缘海盆地。     

Geochemistry and zircon geochronology of a gabbro–granodiorite complex in Tongxunlian,Inner Mongolia: partial melting of enriched lithosphere mantle

A complex of gabbro (with metamorphic pyroxenite xenoliths)–gabbroic diorite–granodiorite was recently discovered in Tongxunlian, Xilinhot city, Inner Mongolia. Zircon U–Pb isotopic dating showed that the gabbro and the granodiorite were formed ca. 319 ± 1 Ma and ca. 318 ± 1 Ma respectively, indicating that emplacement of the composite rocks occurred in the late Carboniferous. Positive ε_Hf(t) values of +12.0 to +14.1 and two‐stage model ages (T_DM2) of 418 to 537 Ma of these rocks are similar to the age of formation of metamorphic pyroxenite (560 Ma, based on Sm–Nd isochron dating) and suggest that the rocks were derived from depleted lithospheric mantle (metamorphic pyroxenite). Our findings revealed that all of these calc‐alkaline and metaluminous intrusive rocks formed from the fractional crystallization of comagmatic evolution in an island‐arc setting. Moreover, the gabbro–gabbroic diorite in the study region was characterized by a low TiO₂ content, a slight deficit of Nb, a surplus of Ta, and relatively low LREE/HREE ratios. Along with a relatively high Zr/Y ratio (4.0 to 5.6), these characteristics indicate that the rocks may have been formed by melting of the mantle wedge via metasomatism. Combination with other features of the rocks indicates a two‐episode tectonic model: we conclude that first, the fluid and Si‐rich melt metasomatism caused partial melting of the enriched lithospheric mantle, and these influences were then stored in the mantle; and second, slab breakoff resulted in upwelling of the upper mantle's soft fluid (stratum), which melted the enriched mantle of the lithosphere and formed the basaltic magma of the gabbro–gabbroic diorite. This study provides new geological evidence to support the Neoproterozoic subduction between the Paleo‐Asian Ocean plate and the Xilinhot microcontinent. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Direct Trace Element Determination in Oil and Gas Produced Waters with Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Optical Emission Spectrometry: Advantages of High‐Salinity Tolerance

Waters co‐produced during petroleum extraction are the largest waste streams from oil and gas development. Reuse or disposal of these waters is difficult due to their high salinities and the sheer volumes generated. Produced waters (PWs) may also contain valuable mineral commodities. While an understanding of produced water trace element composition is required for evaluating the associated resource and waste potential of these materials, measuring trace elements in brines is challenging due to the dilution requirements of typical methods. Alternatively, inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) has shown promise as being capable of direct measurements of trace elements within PWs with minimal dilution. Here, we evaluate direct ICP‐OES trace element quantification in PWs for seventeen trace elements (As, Al, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, U, V and Zn) within fifteen PWs from five U.S. continuous reservoirs. The total analytical uncertainties associated with the trace element levels determined using ICP‐OES were estimated to be better than ± 30% (2s) except for Rb, which could not be determined due to ionisation interferences. The ICP‐OES results are compared with trace element levels determined using inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry from the same samples. Our results demonstrate the potential for direct analysis of high‐salinity waters using ICP‐OES with minimal dilution and provide trace element concentrations in waters from several important U.S. petroleum‐generating reservoirs where available data are sparse.     

High‐Precision Sr‐Nd‐Hf‐Pb Isotopic Composition of Chinese Geological Standard Glass Reference Materials CGSG‐1, CGSG‐2, CGSG‐4 and CGSG‐5 by MC‐ICP‐MS and TIMS

To assess the homogeneity of and provide the first Sr‐Nd‐Hf‐Pb isotopic reference values for the Chinese Geological Standard Glasses CGSG‐1, CGSG‐2, CGSG‐4 and CGSG‐5, we measured these isotopes in several measurement sessions over the course of nearly 3 years. The results were obtained by high‐precision MC‐ICP‐MS and TIMS. Our investigation indicates that these CGSG glass reference materials are homogenous with regard to Sr‐Nd‐Hf‐Pb isotopic distribution and are therefore suitable geochemical materials for Sr‐Nd‐Hf‐Pb isotope measurements. Clear differences in Sr‐Nd‐Hf‐Pb isotopic composition were observed between the glasses and the original powdered rock reference materials (CGSG‐2 and GSR‐7, and especially CGSG‐5 and GSR‐2) because of flux addition during preparation of the glasses. The new Sr‐Nd‐Hf‐Pb isotope data provided here might be useful to the geochemical community for in situ and bulk analysis.     

Formation,diagenesis and palaeoenvironmental significance of upper Ediacaran fibrous dolomite cements

Neoproterozoic marine dolomite cements represent reliable, albeit complex, archives of their palaeoenvironment. Petrological and high-resolution geochemical data from well-preserved fibrous dolomite and pyrite in the upper Ediacaran (ca 551·1 to 548·0 Ma) Dengying Formation in south-west China are presented and discussed here. The aim of this research is to reconstruct the redox state of late Ediacaran shallow seawater and porewater in the Sichuan Basin using early marine diagenetic fabrics. Based on crystalline texture and axis, four basic types of fibrous dolomite cements formed penecontemporaneously in a microbialite reef setting at the platform margin: (i) bladed dolomites (replacement from a high-Mg calcite precursor); (ii) fascicular fast dolomites (replacement from an aragonitic precursor); (iii) fascicular slow dolomites; and (iv) radial slow dolomites. The latter two fabrics are considered direct marine porewater precipitates due to their length-slow character, cathodoluminescent zonation, and enriched copper and cobalt concentrations. Marine cements yield rare earth element and yttrium patterns comparable to modern seawater and represent a refined set of archive data relative to previously published bulk dolostones. Redox-sensitive elements and cathodoluminescence indicate that the fascicular fast dolomites formed in suboxic seawater, while fascicular slow and radial slow dolomites formed in euxinic marine porewaters. Microbial sulphate reduction during the formation of fascicular slow and radial slow dolomites is recognized by nanometre-scale spheroidal ankerite and sulphur-containing dolomite, and intergrown pyrite grains with U-shaped δ³⁴S transects. Data shown here suggest predominantly suboxic shallow late Ediacaran seawater and euxinic marine porewaters, with microbial activity promoting the direct precipitation of dolomite.     

新疆阿奇山岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、Sr—Nd—Pb同位素特征及其成因探讨

本文运用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年法对新疆阿奇山岩体进行了测定,获得年龄为269.5±1.6 Ma～272.1±1.3 Ma,表明阿奇山岩体为晚二叠世。岩石的Sr、Nd、Pb同位素分析表明,该岩体有较低的锶同位素初始比值[n(~(87)Sr)/n(~(86)Sr)]_i(0.7044～0.7055)、正ε_(Nd)(t)值(0.48～3.66)及较为年轻的Nd同位素两阶段模式年龄t_(2DM)~C(741～1090 Ma),表明其源岩与亏损地幔有关,而在Pb同位素n(~(207)Pb)/n(~(204)Pb)—n(~(206)Pb)/n(~(204)Pb)构造模式演化图解中,又显示其物质来源与壳幔相互作用有关。综合岩体岩石地球化学特征、前人研究成果及该区大地构造背景,分析认为阿奇山岩体的形成是地幔柱活动背景下壳幔相互作用过程的产物。阿奇山岩体位于新疆北部,属于中亚造山带的一部分,在晚二叠世,整个新疆北部已经进入后造山阶段,且晚古生代时期板块俯冲已经结束。但后造山岩浆形成必然需要新的动力及热源,而幔源岩浆的底侵不仅可以为后造山岩浆活动提供热源,还提供了大量物源。因此在区域性伸展构造环境下,由于壳幔相互作用强烈,来自深部的地幔柱幔源岩浆底侵,带来的热源诱发较年轻的地壳物质部分熔融,同时有部分幔源物质的混染,从而使阿奇山岩体花岗岩物源具有地幔和地壳双重特征。     

基于欧氏距离测度的激光点云配准

针对激光扫描测量系统得到的多视角点云数据,提出用离散对应特征和迭代最近点(ICP)算法相结合的方法,对点云模型多视配准技术进行了研究。首先给出单位四元数和旋转矩阵的关系以及线性最小二乘法原理;然后利用基于离散对应特征的方法求出刚体变换的一个初值,并用迭代最近点(ICP)算法精确估计刚体变换参数;最后用工件36副真实点云模型的配准结果证明此方法的有效性。     

相山铀矿田邹家山矿床英安斑岩脉锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学、Hf同位素组成及其地质意义

对首次在相山铀矿田邹家山矿床发现的英安斑岩脉开展了岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素地球化学研究.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测试结果表明:两个英安斑岩脉样品年龄加权平均值分别为122.4±0.5 Ma和126.5±1.4 Ma,晚于相山大规模火山侵入活动时间(132～137 Ma).该岩脉具有明显的轻...