地面人影作业决策指挥系统建设的技术问题探讨

为做好地面人工影响天气决策指挥系统的研究和开发,提出各级人影办的职责和作业流程。在市级人影办指挥地面作业的体制内,省级人影办主要做好潜势预报和作业预警等项工作;市级人影办建立以GIS、雷达图像、作业点位置叠加为基础,作业指标为核心,高炮、火箭射程计算作业参数为关键,利用GPRS通信完成指挥中心到作业点的指令下达任务;县级人影办主要负责作业监测、部分作业点的指挥、作业和灾情信息上报,作业点管理等项工作。该方案可以提高形成作业指令的科学性和指令下达速度,使其进入业务应用。     

下扬子地区中-新生代的挤压变形与伸展改造及其油气勘探意义

以地表变形特征、地层厚度变化和地震剖面为约束,构建了贯穿下扬子地区主要构造单元的三条地质大剖面。剖面展示了研究区早期褶皱逆冲、晚期伸展断陷的构造格局,并揭示了变形的空间差异。通过对褶皱卷入的层位、断层与地层的切割关系及不整合类型和发育特征的梳理,得出研究区北侧的褶皱逆冲主要形成于中-晚三叠世,南侧的褶皱逆冲主要形成 于中-晚侏罗世。两侧的挤压构造在晚白垩世开始都经历了强烈的拉张作用,北侧的断陷一直持续到古近纪,新近纪以拗陷为主,而南侧古近纪断陷规模较小,新近纪拗陷不发育。苏州-无锡地区的下古生界受后期改造作用较弱,是油气勘探的有利地区。     

洛宁程家沟-沙沟银多金属矿中深斜孔钻探技术

洛宁程家沟-沙沟银多金属矿区矿床产状陡,矿体集中,钻探设计多为分支孔,钻孔中深、斜度大。如何要在保证效益的情况下确保钻孔质量成为关键技术。通过1550 m斜孔施工实例,介绍了矿区中深斜孔钻探工艺的选择及保证钻孔弯曲度的具体措施。     

俯冲陆壳和洋壳对华北克拉通中生代岩石圈地幔改造的氧同位素记录

来自华北克拉通山东省中生代镁铁质岩石及地幔包体的橄榄石氧同位素组成显示,早白垩世岩石圈地幔主要受到了来自俯冲的华南陆壳不同组分的改造作用,包括镁铁质下地壳和长英质上地壳组分以及少量的海相沉积碳酸盐岩,而晚白垩世的岩石圈地幔则受到了来自俯冲的太平洋板块的改造。早白垩世受俯冲陆壳改造的岩石圈地幔橄榄石相对正常地幔高δ¹⁸O (6.0‰～7.2‰),而晚白垩世被俯冲洋壳改造的局部地幔则相对正常地幔低δ¹⁸O (4.1‰～5.3‰)。板块俯冲作用是导致华北克拉通岩石圈地幔破坏的重要深部机制,三叠纪华南陆壳深俯冲导致了华北克拉通地幔强烈富集相容组分而转变为易熔的岩石圈,早白垩世大规模幔源岩浆的侵位很可能与俯冲大陆板片的整体断离或拆离作用相关;晚中生代以来的太平洋俯冲作用则引发了岩石圈地幔的置换和增生作用,形成了目前新、老地幔共存的格局。     

徐州大北望地区馒头组碳酸盐-陆源碎屑混合沉积

陆源碎屑与碳酸盐混合沉积是一种沉积机理特殊而又有重要意义的沉积现象,在徐州大北望地区寒武系馒头组广泛发育。在野外观察和地质资料分析的基础上,结合薄片分析,对徐州大北望地区的混合沉积进行了详细的研究。结果表明:发育混合沉积的环境有混积潮坪、混积局限台地、混积开阔台地、混积台地边缘。在此基础上,以沉积学原理为指导,建立了徐州大北望地区馒头组混合沉积模式,并对研究区混合沉积的控制因素进行了归纳和讨论。     

Hillslope–channel sediment transfer in a slope failure event: Wet Swine Gill,Lake District,northern England

This paper describes and analyses a hillslope–channel slope failure event that occurred at Wet Swine Gill, Lake District, northern England. This comprised a hillslope slide (180 m³, c. 203 ± 36 t), which coupled with the adjacent stream, resulting in a channelized debris flow and fluvial flood. The timing of the event is constrained between January and March 2002. The hillslope failure occurred in response to a rainfall/snowmelt trigger, on ground recently disturbed by a heather moorland fire and modified by artificial drainage. Slide and flow dynamics are estimated using reconstructed velocity and discharge values along the sediment transfer path. There is a rapid downstream reduction in both maximum velocity, from 9·8 to 1·3 m s^?1; and maximum discharge, ranging from 33·5 to 2·4 m³ s^?1. A volumetric sediment budget quantified a high degree of coupling between the hillslope and immediate channel (～92%: 167 m³), but virtually all of the sediment was retained in the first‐order tributary channel. Approximately 44% (81 m³) of the slide volume was retained in the run‐up deposit, and termination of the debris flow prior to the main river meant that the remainder did not discharge into the fluvial system downstream. These results suggest poor transmission of sediment to the main river at the time of the event, but importantly an increase in available material for post‐event sediment transfer processes within the small upland tributary. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Prediction of ground motion in the Osaka sedimentary basin associated with the hypothetical Nankai earthquake

We studied the long-period ground motions in the Osaka sedimentary basin, Japan, which contains a 1- to 3-km thickness of sediments and is the site of many buildings or construction structures with long-natural period. We simulated the broadband ground motions likely to be produced by the hypothetical Nankai earthquake: the earthquake expected to give rise to the most severe long-period ground motion within the basin. For the simulation, we constructed multiscale heterogeneous source models based on the Central Disaster Management Council of Japan (CDMC) source model and adopted a hybrid computation method in which long-period motion and short-period motion are computed using a 3-D finite difference method and the stochastic Green’s function method, respectively. In computing long-period motions, we used a 3-D structure model of the crust and the Osaka sedimentary basin. The ground motions are estimated to have peak velocities of 50–90 cm/s, prolonged durations exceeding 300 s, and long predominant periods of 5–10 s in the area with great thickness of sediments. The predominant periods are in agreement with an approximate evaluation by 4 H/V _s where H and V _s are the thickness of the sediment and the average S wave velocity, respectively.     

Simulation of torsional shear test results with neuro-fuzzy control system

In the first part of this study, a series of stress-controlled hollow cylinder cyclic torsional triaxial shear tests were conducted on loose to medium dense saturated samples of clean Toyoura sand to investigate its liquefaction behavior. A uniform cyclic sinusoidal loading at a 0.1 Hz frequency was applied to air-pluviated samples where confining pressure and relative density was varied. Cyclic shear stress–strain changes, the number of cycles to reach liquefaction and pore pressure variations were recorded. Results indicate that the liquefaction resistances of uniform sands are significantly affected by the method of sample preparation and initial conditions.     

高山峡谷地区大型地下洞室群非平稳人工地震动拟合

基于近场地震记录频谱分析,结合地震危险性分析得到的基岩场地反应谱,进行了高山峡谷地区大型地下洞室群的人工地震动加速度时程的合成。该方法使用三角级数迭加法,利用攀枝花地震动记录进行傅里叶变换,得到离散点的傅里叶幅值谱,选择两个卓越频率作为控制傅里叶谱的峰值控制点,通过反复迭代生成了初始人工地震波,根据高山峡谷地形进行了深度修正、基线校正和高频滤波,最终生成了可以用于FLAC和ABAQUS等数值分析软件的人工地震动加速度-时程。数值分析表明,此方法拟合的人工地震波可以较好地反映不同频谱对地下洞室群强震响应的影响。     

考虑侧向变形的路堤沉降一维法计算修正系数研究

软土路基中三维固结效应以及路堤的应力重分布产生的水平推力,引起的侧向变形是不容忽视的。通过非线性有限元计算,分别给出了一般粘性土和软土的沉降修正系数式子,它们是在路堤高度及路基土体孔隙比之间直接建模的,主要适用于均质或近似均质的路基。实例计算表明：经过修正后,沉降一维计算结果基本上可考虑到土体的侧向变形,且修正后的沉降比较接近实测值,在工程上具有一定的参考价值。