地理学之地缘政治学与地缘经济学:学科之争抑或学科融合?

地缘政治学和地缘经济学都是地缘研究中的主要分支领域。地缘经济学自其诞生之日起就与地缘政治学存在学科之争。从学科谱系看,地缘经济学和地缘政治学都属于地理学中人地关系的研究范畴,故而内含学科融合基础。本文首先对西方地缘政治学和地缘经济学的发展进行简要梳理;然后,以此为背景就地缘经济学和地缘政治学之间存在的前者取代或从属于后者、以及两者相互依赖等学科之争进行分析;在此基础上,对地缘政治学与地缘经济学在理论基础、理论概念指向、理论核心内涵本质上的趋同探讨了两者学科融合的学理基础。研究认为：①地缘经济学是对地缘政治学研究视角的一种丰富;②地缘经济学是对地缘政治学价值立场的一种变换;③地缘经济学是对地缘政治学学术功能的一种补充。     

From Geographic Holism to Geographic Information System

Substantial changes in a core idea of geography, integration, have occurred since Alexander von Humboldt published Kosmos (1845-1862). These changes are part of a larger shift in Western civilization to mechanistic reasoning. This shift led to the strengthening of system-based analysis, central to the development of geographic information systems (GIS). The duality of holism and the systems approach has led to an apparent contradiction in geography. R. Hartshorne in The Nature of Geography described this contradiction, but as did Alfred Hettner and Emil Wisotzki before, moved to partial systems as the core concept of geographic integration. Hartshorne's concept of vertical integration is the antecedent for the ubiquitous GIS layer model. The reduction of geographic relationships and processes to mechanistic components (layers) aids the systematic approach, but may lessen geographic understanding of a place's interrelationships. Although the partiality of the system approach was already acknowledged by Finch and Hartshorne in the 1930s, the tension between holistic and system approaches in geography remains. Holism and system-based approaches are indeed complementary methods for developing geographic understanding. Using holistic approaches to understand geographic phenomena, before we teleologically (following a purpose) analyze phenomena as a system, extends GIS to include broader interrelationships of geography in specific locations.     

农业产业化地域模式初步研究——以江苏省为例

农业产业化地域模式为适应于不同农业地域主导产品优势、市场指向、农村经济发展水平与农民组织化程度的主要农业产业化模式。江苏省内农业与农村经济的区域差异显,对不同地区农业产业化地域模式的形成与选择有重要影响。苏南地区宜以加工企业带动型、专业市场辐射型、主导产品依托型为主;苏北地区宜以中介组织服务型、多元参与型为主,在大城市郊区和出口农产品基地区也要着力发展加工企业带动型模式。     

我国城市群发展中的物流、信息流整合

我国城市群的现代物流业和信息化仍处于起始阶段,存在着许多问题和制约因素,物流、信息流的不整合是当前城市群发展的一个重大瓶颈。物流、信息流整合的主要任务是构建现代物流网和高速信息网。前者包括综合配套物流基础设施、建立现代物流支撑体系、改造企业传统物流模式、加强政府指导和协调、完善物流业发展的政策法规和对现代物流业实行政策倾斜。后者包括综合利用信息资源、加强信息基础设施建设、统一开发信息基础骨干传送网、统一开发电子政务核心平台、统一开发信息产业项目和组织研制标准化体系。     

城乡一体化过程中农民满意度调查研究

推进城乡一体化的最终目的就是要达到城乡共荣，其中农民问题解决与否成为城乡一体化成败的关键。成都市几个城乡一体化试点城镇的农民对现今政策、生活等方面满意程度如何，也是一个备受关注的问题。通过实地调查，采用模糊数学方法，对成都市的几个城乡一体化试点城镇的农民目前的状况进行综合评价，计算出他们的满意程度，找出存在的问题，为今后城乡一体化的普遍开展提供参考。经过对调查数据的处理计算，结果表明：成都市城乡一体化试点城镇的农民的满意程度处于满意和一般满意状况。     

基于本体(Ontology)的空间信息互操作与集成方法研究

随着Semantic Web技术的发展,基于Ontology的空间信息服务是分布式网络环境下异构空间信息资源共享与互操作实现的可行途径.在对空间信息共享与互操作发展历程、Ontology的基本理论及国内外基于Ontology的空间信息共享与互操作研究现状进行系统全面总结概括的基础上,提出了Ontology驱动的空间信息共享与互操作系统的体系框架、服务流程,并提出了今后研究的重点.基于该服务框架构建的信息系统能将分散在Internet上的各种空间资源信息动态地集成在一起,实现分布式环境下异构空间信息资源的共享与互操作.     

泛珠江三角洲的重构与整合

由广东省最早提出并得到周边其他省区积极响应的“泛珠江三角洲”区域合作已由理论构想进入了实质操作层面。文章主要探讨了泛珠三角区域构想与意义,对该区域的重构与整合所具有的优劣势、面临的机遇与挑战进行了深入的分析,并提出了相应的策略与建议。     

Residential mobility trajectories and integration in Douala and Bafoussam,Cameroon

Abstract

This study examines how migrant households relocate their homes in two Cameroonian cities over the course of lifetimes or even generations. The central claim is that homeownership is the ultimate sign of integration into city life. Using qualitative and quantitative research methods (218 interviews, 30 focus groups and a household survey, sample size 686), the study argues that three key factors explain why people move: the quality of housing they can affords, the proximity to a workplace and the potential for homeownership. Three residential model trajectories are identified. The first describes a journey from being a new migrant who is a guest of family or friends in the city centre to being a married family with kids owning a home in the urban periphery. The second model continues that journey by returning back to the city centre in pursuit of more convenient, high-status home location (if finances permit). A third model describes moves to sites all over the city later in life as older individuals seek to maximize family income in the way they use multiple properties. Understanding residential mobility patterns has the potential to lead to a better public policies and more effective private investments in the housing sector.     

Quantitative Integration of High-Resolution Hydrogeophysical Data: A Novel Approach to Monte-Carlo-Type Conditional Stochastic Simulations and Implications for Hydrological Predictions

Geophysical techniques can help to bridge the inherent gap that exists with regard to spatial resolution and coverage for classical hydrological methods. This has led to the emergence of a new and rapidly growing research domain generally referred to as hydrogeophysics. Given the differing sensitivities of various geophysical techniques to hydrologically relevant parameters, their inherent trade-off between resolution and range, as well as the notoriously site-specific nature of petrophysical parameter relations, the fundamental usefulness of multi-method surveys for reducing uncertainties in data analysis and interpretation is widely accepted. A major challenge arising from such endeavors is the quantitative Integration of the resulting vast and diverse database into a unified model of the probed subsurface region that is consistent with all available measurements. To this end, we present a novel approach toward hydrogeophysical data integration based on a Monte-Carlo-type conditional stochastic simulation method that we consider to be particularly suitable for high-resolution local-scale studies. Monte Carlo techniques are flexible and versatile, allowing for accounting for a wide variety of data and constraints of differing resolution and hardness, and thus have the potential of providing, in a geostatistical sense, realistic models of the pertinent target parameter distributions. Compared to more conventional approaches, such as co-kriging or cluster analysis, our approach provides significant advancements in the way that larger-scale structural information contained in the hydrogeophysical data can be accounted for. After outlining the methodological background of our algorithm, we present the results of its application to the integration of porosity log and tomographic crosshole georadar data to generate stochastic realizations of the detailed local-scale porosity structure. Our procedure is first tested on pertinent synthetic data and then applied to a field dataset collected at the Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site. Finally, we compare the performance of our data integration approach to that of more conventional methods with regard to the prediction of flow and transport phenomena in highly heterogeneous media and discuss the Implications arising.     

James M. Goodman 1929—2004: Professor Emeritus of Geography University of Oklahoma

Abstract

Effective use of time has become even more critical in today's classrooms. Creating geographically literate students by the year 2000 presents some dilemmas for teachers who are faced with expanding curricula. Developing an efficient, meaningful means of teaching geographical features to help curb geographical illiteracy is a possibility. A group of college instructors and more than 75 preservice elementary teachers experimented with an idea that effectively integrated geography, vocabulary development, writing across the curriculum, and the visual arts. Their successful and time-saving idea can be incorporated into any upper elementary to high school classroom committed to teaching children about geographical features.