深水风浪破碎发生率与风速和风区的关系

根据于渤海中部采油平台测得的数据，结合实验室的测量，提出一种深水风浪破碎发生率与风速和风区关系的经验公式，与现已发表的少量海上测量结果相比较，此式符合良好。利用此式较好地解释了风浪破碎起始风速问题。     

河道水位流量预报方法研究

论述了加里宁-米尔加科夫洪水演进方法，通过“虚设下游断面”的概念和变特征河长演进的思路将其改进。结合洪水波的运动波近似值，建立了河道洪水流量和水位预报方法。将该方法用于小清河干流济南城区规划河段，得到了孟家节制闸处的洪水流量和水位变化过程，为河道的规划设计和防洪调度提供了决策依据。     

Along-wind dispersion of puffs released in a built-up urban area

The SF₆ gas tracer observations for puffs released near the ground during the Joint Urban 2003 (JU2003) urban dispersion experiment in Oklahoma City have been analysed. The JU2003 observations, at distances of about 100–1,100 m from the source, show that, at small times, when the puff is still within the built-up downtown domain, the standard deviation of the concentration time series, σ_t, is influenced by the initial puff spread due to buildings near the source and by hold-up in the wakes of large buildings at the sampler locations. This effect is parameterised by assuming an initial σ_to of about 42 s, leading to a comprehensive similarity formula: σ_t = 42 + 0.1t. The second term, 0.1t, is consistent with an earlier similarity relation, σ_t = 0.1t, derived from puff observations in many experiments over rural terrain. The along-wind dispersion coefficient, σ_x, is assumed to equal σ_t u, in which u is the puff speed calculated as the distance from the source to the sampler, x, divided by the time after the release that the maximum concentration is observed at the sampler. σ_x can be expressed as σ_x = σ_xo + 0.14x, with the initial σ_xo of 45 m. This initial σ_xo agrees with the suggestion of an initial plume spread of about 40 m, made by McElroy and Pooler from analysis of the 1960s’ St. Louis urban dispersion experiment. The puff speeds, u, are initially only about 20% of the observed wind speed, averaged over about 80 street-level and rooftop anemometers in the city, but approach the mean observed wind speed as the puffs grow vertically. The scatter in the σ_t data is about ± a factor of two or three at any given travel time. The maximum σ_t is about 250 s, and the maximum duration of the puff over the sampler, Dt, sometimes called the retention time, is about 1,100 s or 18 min for these puffs and distances.     

19562000年中国潜在蒸散量变化趋势

利用1956²000年全国580个气象站的逐月气候资料,采用FAO推荐的彭曼-孟蒂斯公式计算潜在蒸散量,对中国及十大流域这45年的潜在蒸散量时空分布特征和变化趋势进行了分析,并采用偏相关分析方法,对造成潜在蒸散量变化的主要气候影响因子进行了探讨。结果表明:45年中除松花江流域外,全国绝大多数流域的年和四季的潜在蒸散量均呈现减少趋势,南方各流域（西南诸河流域除外）年和夏季潜在蒸散量减少趋势尤其明显。1980²000年和1956¹979年两时段多年平均年潜在蒸散量差值表明,我国大部地区1980²000年时段较前一时段减少,山东半岛、黄河和长江源区、西南诸河的中西部以及宁夏等地则增多。分析还表明,全国及大多数流域的年和四季潜在蒸散量与日照时数、风速、相对湿度等要素关系密切,但这45年日照时数和/或风速的明显减少可能是导致大多数地区潜在蒸散量减少的主要原因。     

A Modified approach for calculating dynamic shear modulus of stiff specimens by resonant column tests

1 Introduction Study of the shear modulus to represent the static and dynamic properties of geotechnical materials is a basic topic in the geotechnical engineering and many researchers (Hardin and Black, 1966; Zhang and Li, 2003; Richard and Richard, 1988; Yuan et al, 2000; Soo et al, 1995) have investigated this phenomenon. The resonant column device provides a powerful tool for testing the shear modulus and damping ratio of the soil-like materials. In 1984, the ?rst resonant column device…     

粘性泥石流体的应力应变特性和流速参数的确定

文章从粘性泥石流体的组成，应力应变特性和减阻作用的观测试验入手，揭示了粘性泥石流体运动的阻力特性，探讨了粘性泥石流流速公式中的曼宁糙率系数的表征。粘性泥石流体运动的阻力特性主要与沟槽特征以及泥深和粘附层流变特性有关。根据高、低不同阻力的粘性泥石流浆体的泥砂比，浆体介质的流变参数（ηp、τBf）和体积浓度（Cvf)，可获得不同阻力介质状态下统一的阻力糙率系数与它们的相关式，以此来确定曼宁糙率系数。     

基于条件期望的全概率公式及其应用

基于条件期望和随机事件A的示性函数IA，推导了离散型和连续型随机变量的全概率公式，要解决诸如离散型和连续型等一类随机问题时，若采用传统的全概率公式来解，势必带来很大的困难。但是，运用本文所研究的全概率公式。结果令人满意，具有较强的实用性，从而拓展了全概率公式的应用范围和解题思路，值得推广应用，同时该公式在可靠性理论研究中也有重要应用。     

Inverse Vening Meinesz formula and deflection-geoid formula: applications to the predictions of gravity and geoid over the South China Sea

Using the spherical harmonic representations of the earth's disturbing potential and its functionals, we derive the inverse Vening Meinesz formula, which converts deflection of the vertical to gravity anomaly using the gradient of the H function. The deflection-geoid formula is also derived that converts deflection to geoidal undulation using the gradient of the C function. The two formulae are implemented by the 1D FFT and the 2D FFT methods. The innermost zone effect is derived. The inverse Vening Meinesz formula is employed to compute gravity anomalies and geoidal undulations over the South China Sea using deflections from Seasat, Geosat, ERS-1 and TOPEX//POSEIDON satellite altimetry. The 1D FFT yields the best result of 9.9-mgal rms difference with the shipborne gravity anomalies. Using the simulated deflections from EGM96, the deflection-geoid formula yields a 4-cm rms difference with the EGM96-generated geoid. The predicted gravity anomalies and geoidal undulations can be used to study the tectonic structure and the ocean circulations of the South China Sea. Received: 7 April 1997 / Accepted: 7 January 1998     

宏观地震方法考虑吸收确定震源深度问题的通解

每个地震都有震源,而震源类型则各式各样,震源幅射能量到地面所产生的宏观场也各不相同,因此在近场,描述宏观场物徵的两个参数：源指标几何扩散率ｎ和吸收系数Ａ／ｋｍ＾２也因地震而异,它们的量值完全由实际的宏观场确定。由此导出完整宏观地震震源公式获得宏观地震方法考虑吸收确定震源深度问题的通解,对比能解和宏观地震震源深度公式各提出三种计算方法,以满足三种不同的需要,经过四个实例两公式的几种算法相互对比,结果     

Data correction of the force balanced accelerometer

Conclusion Successive formula method for data correction of force balanced accelerometer proposed in this paper is obviously effective for time domain data processing. The method has such characteristics that computing precision is high and is not artificial ascertain filter frequency window. Using successive formula can give a parameter identifying method of the damping ratio and the natural angular frequency for force balanced accelerometer. On this problem, we will research in another paper.