彩色扫描地形图的自动分色与处理

提出了一种基于颜色特征的地形图要素自动分层的方法，并针对地形图上的图形要素特征，提出了对等高线分版图进行后处理的算法，分析和讨论了该方法和算法的实验效果及效率。     

GPS接收机检定场短边网数据的解算

对GPS接收机检定场短边网数据处理的过程进行了阐述，就如何获得高精度的解算结果，就处理过程中提出一些解算方法，对类似GPS工程解算也有一定的借鉴作用。     

System identification of linear structures based on Hilbert–Huang spectral analysis. Part 1: normal modes

Based on the Hilbert–Huang spectral analysis, a method is proposed to identify multi‐degree‐of‐freedom (MDOF) linear systems using measured free vibration time histories. For MDOF systems, the normal modes have been assumed to exist. In this method, the measured response data, which are polluted by noises, are first decomposed into modal responses using the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) approach with intermittency criteria. Then, the Hilbert transform is applied to each modal response to obtain the instantaneous amplitude and phase angle time histories. A linear least‐square fit procedure is proposed to identify the natural frequency and damping ratio from the instantaneous amplitude and phase angle for each modal response. Based on a single measurement of the free vibration time history at one appropriate location, natural frequencies and damping ratios can be identified. When the responses at all degrees of freedom are measured, the mode shapes and the physical mass, damping and stiffness matrices of the structure can be determined. The applications of the proposed method are illustrated using three linear systems with different dynamic characteristics. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system identification method yields quite accurate results, and it offers a new and effective tool for the system identification of linear structures in which normal modes exist. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evaluation of combination rules for peak response calculation in three‐component seismic analysis

The responses, r_e, given by several multicomponent combination rules used in seismic codes for determining peak responses to three ground motion components are evaluated for elastic systems and compared with the critical response r_cr; this is defined as the largest response for all possible incident angles of the seismic components and obtained by means of the CQC3‐rule when a principal seismic component is vertical, or the GCQC3‐rule when it departs from the vertical direction. The combination rules examined are the SRSS‐, 30%‐, 40%‐ and IBC‐rules, considering different alternatives for the design horizontal spectrum. Assuming that a principal seismic component is along the vertical direction, the upper and lower bounds of the ratio r_e/r_cr for each combination rule are determined as a function of the spectral intensity ratio of the horizontal seismic components and of the responses to one seismic component acting alternately along each structural axis. Underestimations and overestimations of the critical response are identified for each combination rule and each design spectrum. When a component departs from the vertical direction, the envelopes of the bounds of the ratio r_e/r_cr for each combination rule are calculated, considering all possible values of the spectral intensity ratios. It is shown that the inclination of a principal component with respect to the vertical axis can significantly reduce the values of r_e/r_cr with respect to the case when the component is vertical. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

复杂地形条件下静校正的综合寻优

复杂地形，特别是山地条件下地震勘探中的大静校正问题是 一个非线性的、具有多参数多极值的全局优化难题. 本文综合利用最大能量法、模拟退火与 遗传算法的各自优势，提出一种具有局部收敛速度快、全局搜索能力强的综合寻优反演方法 . 其中对产生伪静校正量的零空间现象进行空间平滑滤波剔除. 理论数值计算及实际资料的 处理说明本方法适应能力强、静校正效果较好.     

GIS在建立1:20万综合水文地质图空问数据库中的应用研究

以农安幅1：20万综合水文地质图空间数据库的建立为例，介绍了利用GIS建立空间数据库的全过程。讨论了建库过程中的主要操作步骤、方法和一些值得注意的问题。着重讨论在图形数据采集及建立空间属性数据库时，如何保证图形的数学精度，如何使拓扑结构合理，以及如何使属性联接正确。     

基于县域分析的山东经济空间差异研究

文章以县城为单元，运用定量方法系统分析了山东省经济空间差异现状及演变趋势。全省经济发展总体水平较高，但尚存在1／3以上的欠发达县域，且地区差距还在不断扩大；经济发展水平宏观上“东高西低”，但微观上错综复杂，城市地区、铁路沿线、沿海地带显著高于内陆县域，点—轴格局比较突出。     

建立地理信息系统的几个问题探讨

介绍了地理信息系统开发的技术路线，阐述了建立地理信息系统过程中，如何解决系统模型建立、系统的空间坐标系统、数据质量问题和系统的质量体系等重要问题。     

Dynamics of Global Climatic Changes and Possibility of Their Prediction Using Chemical Data from Greenland Ice

Records from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project Two ice core are considered in terms of dynamical systems theory and nonlinear prediction. Dynamical systems theory allows us to reconstruct some properties of a phenomenon based only on past behavior without any mechanistic assumptions or deterministic models. A near-term prediction of temperature, including a mean estimate and confidence interval, is made for 800 years into the future. The prediction suggests that the present short-time global warming trend will continue for at least 200 years and be followed by a reverse in the temperature trend.     

石家庄市地下水盐污染时空演化规律

石家庄市地下水盐污染研究具有典型示范性。在对石家庄市地下水污染特征分析的基础上，对盐污染随时空演化的规律进行了研究。结果表明，石家庄市盐污染随时间呈加重之势；在空间上形成从北向南逐渐加重的趋势。