施工企业建立安全生产管理体系的探索

论述了施工企业建设现代安全生产管理体系的重要性,并总结了广东煤炭地质局建设安全生产管理体系．促进安全生产的实践经验,提出了施工企业应从以建立完善安全生产责任制为核心,健全各项规章制度．加强员工的教育培训、资金投入和安全检查五个方面为重点建立现代安全生产管理体系的思路。     

晋陕蒙煤炭开发战略研究——中国区域煤炭开发战略之新探索

区域煤炭开发战略是国家总体开发战略的基础和核心。我国煤炭资源依据开发制约的主要因素可划分为三种类型,即资源约束型、环境约束型、区位约束型。晋陕蒙（西）地区的煤炭资源具有三大特征和两大瓶颈,即煤炭资源优势、生态环境劣势、区位中势之特征。以及生态环境、运输能力之瓶颈。研究并总结了该区域煤炭资源开发所特有的规律,即：资源禀赋对开发规模的约束规律;矿井在开采过程中对岩层体、水体的影响,以及对生态环境和生存环境的影响规律;不同地质条件、不同自然地理环境下,开发对环境的影响规律;煤炭开发的资源、环境、经济、社会成本和收益规律。提出了坚持资源开发与环境保护双赢。近期与长期兼顾的总方针。充分利用本地区的丰富资源,提高资源的有效供给能力,保障国民经济对能源的需求。实现煤炭资源开发的经济效益、社会效益、生态效益、人的生存与发展效益相统一的总体战略目标：以及产能东稳西增、开发布局时空有序、生态缀块差异管理、生产规模化现代化、稀缺煤类保护等五项具体战略。     

The comparison of PCA and discrete rough set for feature extraction of remote sensing image classification – A case study on rice classification, Taiwan

Texture information offers an extensive solution for image classification by providing better accuracy of image information. However, huge amounts of improper additional texture information may result in a chaotic state, and this leads to uncertainty in the classification process. Considerable portion of earlier works have been carried out through the generally acknowledged procedure of Principal Components Analysis (PCA). However, the PCA method has flaws in the area of influenced and non- influenced attributes. On the whole, whether PCA provides an effective solution to determine the value of knowledge rule in image information still remains a question. This study proposes an innovative method, called Discrete Rough Set method, as a tool for image classification. This study focuses on two crucial issues: (1) The core attributes of the target categories in image classification are systematically analyzed while eliminating surplus attributes rationally; (2) The unique point of each attribute, which influenced the target categories, is successfully found. This is a crucial aspect that is very helpful for the construction of decision rule. Finally, in this study we utilized the expert knowledge classifier and the overall accuracy of Discrete Rough Set (96.67%) exceeds that of the conventional PCA (86.00%) of paddy rice area evaluation from Quickbird image. This result shows that the appropriate classification knowledge can be presented by Discrete Rough Set, and this information can effectively improve the accuracy of image classification. An erratum to this article can be found at     

论ICT时代的地图学复兴

在ICT技术推动下,地图学的发展迎来空前的挑战,本文针对当前地图学的发展面临的问题和转变,深入分析传统地图学的限制——物理空间的传统约束,面向现代地图的形式松散化,从现实与虚拟、外表与内里、纸质与电子等8个方面论述现代地图学信息空间的数字自由,并针对数字时代和大数据的发展机遇和需求,拓展地图学框架,同化新兴元素,推动地图学复兴。     

基于Roberts梯度与HIS色彩空间的SAR图像伪彩色编码

针对SAR灰度影像信息不丰富,不利于解译识别的问题,提出了一种基于Roberts梯度与HIS色彩空间的SAR图像伪彩色编码算法。首先,计算SAR图像的梯度图像,并确定梯度阈值T;然后,比较像素梯度与阈值的大小,大于阈值的像素按照Roberts梯度方法编码,否则按照基于HIS色彩空间方法编码;最后,对两种编码结果进行合成,得到最终伪彩色SAR图像。利用TerraSAR-X影像数据进行了实验验证,结果表明:本文研究的方法均能达到很好的伪彩色编码效果。     

无人机三维空气质量监测研究

针对现有空气监测缺乏污染垂直分布特征的观测及数据采集覆盖范围有限的问题,该文提出了用无人驾驶飞机搭载微型空气质量检测器监测大气污染的方法,首先分析了传统地面监测站的缺点,并阐述了监测设备的构成;然后从无人驾驶飞机大气污染空间采样方案、污染物数据的准确性及可靠性校正、大气污染时空规律几个方面做了研究;最后选择浙江省临安市青山湖街道、上海奉贤区等地区进行了试验。研究结果能有效补充地面监测站的数据缺失,揭示PM2.5、O3等大气污染物的垂直分布、垂直扩散及区域性输送特征,为空气污染预警和防控对策机制的制定提供重要技术依据。     

新疆旅游经济空间分异及影响因素

根据空间经济学理论,应用GIS技术和多元回归方法,研究2003—2013年新疆旅游经济空间分异格局,探究影响空间分异的主导因素。结果表明:新疆旅游经济形成了"伊宁—乌鲁木齐—库尔勒—阿克苏"核心环线辐射和以阿勒泰、喀什为两翼的"轴-点双核极化"空间格局;同时,沿极化点-轴方向向周边迅速递减。热点集聚增长迅速,冷点长期增长乏力,但变化范围都不大;Logistic回归分析显示,新疆旅游经济发展水平与旅游基础设施呈正相关演变,同时受地域自然环境及社会经济环境的综合制约。     

基于数理视角的空间界面存在性研究——以河南省城乡界面为例

空间界面理论已显示出强大生命力,但其理论架构还不完善。现有研究基本上是建立在"空间界面确实存在"这一经验判断的前提下进行的,对于其存在性还缺乏理论验证。在提炼空间界面唯象理论的基础上,构建了空间界面的数理模型,并以城乡界面为例,以空间为内生变量,空间中的元素如经济、社会、文化等为外生变量,构建联立方程模型,以河南省108个县域为空间单元,采用三阶段最小二乘法和迭代三阶段最小二乘法进行参数估计,建构了城市系统和乡村系统的函数,并进行了数理推导与求解。研究表明,城市函数与乡村函数存在着交集,且其交集为无穷多个点组成的域面,即存在一个城市与乡村系统空间及其要素相互交织而成的独立系统,进而从理论上证明"城乡界面是存在的"。     

Configuring the neighbourhood effect in irregular cellular automata based models

Cellular automata (CA) models have been widely employed to simulate urban growth and land use change. In order to represent urban space more realistically, new approaches to CA models have explored the use of vector data instead of traditional regular grids. However, the use of irregular CA-based models brings new challenges as well as opportunities. The most strongly affected factor when using an irregular space is neighbourhood. Although neighbourhood definition in an irregular environment has been reported in the literature, the question of how to model the neighbourhood effect remains largely unexplored. In order to shed light on this question, this paper proposed the use of spatial metrics to characterise and measure the neighbourhood effect in irregular CA-based models. These metrics, originally developed for raster environments, namely the enrichment factor and the neighbourhood index, were adapted and applied in the irregular space employed by the model. Using the results of these metrics, distance-decay functions were calculated to reproduce the push-and-pull effect between the simulated land uses. The outcomes of a total of 55 simulations (5 sets of different distance functions and 11 different neighbourhood definition distances) were compared with observed changes in the study area during the calibration period. Our results demonstrate that the proposed methodology improves the outcomes of the urban growth simulation model tested and could be applied to other irregular CA-based models.     

开发区居住空间特征及其形成机制——对北京经济技术开发区的调查

利用北京经济技术开发区的第一手问卷调查数据,研究开发区居住空间特征及其形成机制。研究表明：开发区居住人口收入和受教育程度相对较高,外来人口已成为开发区后期居住人口增长的主要动力来源;开发区的住房类型构成呈现多样化特点,政策和住房户型原因是影响住宅分化的重要因素;开发区在收入和社会阶层方面存在居住分化现象,具体表现为高收入和低社会阶层两级分化的空间隔离;作为新兴的郊区社区,开发区居民维权意识强烈,但社区联系较弱;上班通勤距离仍是影响居民居住地选择的最重要因素,改善居住环境、对优质教育资源的追求也是极重要的因素。最后,从居民、开发商、地方政府、企业、母城及周边区域等多元主体共同作用的角度探讨了开发区居住空间的形成机制。当前,国内开发区大多面临从“产业功能地域”向综合型的“城市化功能地域”转型,但开发区既是“产业集聚区”又被作为“卧城”的复杂状况,也带来其居住空间特征及形成机制的复杂性。研究成果对于丰富城市居住空间理论有重要意义。