三维激光扫描技术在历史建筑立面测绘中的应用北大核心CSCD

随着现代化科技手段的进步与更新,利用三维激光扫描实景复制新型技术原理替代传统式单点立面测绘的技术手段,对历史建筑进行保护,能最大化节省人工成本,提高工作效率。能够将细节、精度、效率统一达到产能最大化,也能提供更高级且全面的原始数据存档及成果交付方式,不断更新历史建筑数字化的技术标准。     

交叉环绕航线下的城市级复杂建筑物实景三维建模

目前各省、市正在加快推进实景三维中国建设,其中城市级实景三维建模相较于地形级,精度要求更高,展示内容更丰富,工作量更大。针对高低错落且结构复杂的建筑物场景,常用的提高无人机航线重叠度的方法,改进效果不明显,仍存在较多拉花变形区域,且会导致影像数量增加、飞行和建模过程更加耗时、生产成本增大的问题。因此,本文提出了无人机交叉环绕航线下的城市级实景三维建模方法,选取典型试验样区进行航摄建模试验,并与采用常规五向航线航摄的方法进行建模效率、质量、精度方面的对比分析。结果表明,交叉环绕航线航摄方法可大幅减少影像数量,节省空三计算和建模时间,提升整体建模效率;且在建筑物的门顶雨篷、玻璃窗户等难点区域,建模质量更好,整体精度更高,满足相关标准规范要求。     

紧邻既有建筑深基坑工程的常见安全问题分析及控制要点

对紧邻既有建筑深基坑工程常见安全问题进行了全面而深入地分析,并提出了深基坑支护施工中的安全控制要点,为类似基坑工程的安全和顺利实施提供了解决思路。     

不同城市冠层参数化方案对重庆高密度建筑物环境的数值模拟研究

目前,耦合在WRF模式中的城市冠层方案包括单层冠层方案（UCM）,多层冠层方案（BEP）以及考虑室内外大气能量交换的多层冠层方案（BEP+BEM）。不同方案计算过程及参数设置不尽相同,这些方案能否适应高密度建筑物复杂下垫面的城市气象环境的模拟?建筑物形态参数对于城市气象因子模拟的敏感性如何?为回答上述问题,选取建筑物高密度城市——重庆为研究对象,以2006年重庆高温伏旱天气为背景,采用高分辨率（333 m×333 m）的地理信息系统数据替换WRF模式中默认的美国地质调查局（USGS）静态数据,对WRF中的3种城市冠层方案进行了模拟评估,并进行建筑物形态参数变化对气象因子影响的敏感试验。结果表明：（1）BEP+BEM、BEP、UCM方案模拟值与城区内10个站点2 m高气温观测值的均方差和平均误差分别为1.3、1.4、2.1和-0.5、-0.8、-1.4℃,单层冠层方案相对较差,BEP+BEM方案最好。模拟值普遍略低于观测值。位于密集建筑物周边的2 m高气温模拟值与自动站观测吻合相对较好,而中国国家基本站的观测值与模拟值相比,观测值偏低,靠近水体的模拟结果相对较差;（2）建筑物高度及密度参数的变化对城市近地层气温产生明显的影响,当建筑物高度增高时,由于短波遮蔽作用的影响,白天气温降低最大达到0.4℃,而夜间由于辐射截陷作用增强,气温明显升高,最大可达0.7℃。建筑物间距缩小,导致白天近地面气温降低,夜晚则升高,且夜间变化幅度更大;（3）当调整建筑物高度及密度参数分别为：高度20%（15 m）+60%（20 m）+20%（25 m）,间距20 m时,城区内观测站点2 m高气温观测值与模拟值的均方根误差从1.3℃减小到0.6℃,提高了模式的模拟性能。     

基于全极化Radarsat-2影像的建筑物震害评估

利用震后灾区全极化SAR影像可快速提取建筑物震害信息,为应急救援的快速有效实施提供重要的灾情信息支持。本文建立基于极化散射矩阵的Pauli-Wishart监督极化分类的建筑物震害信息提取和以街区为尺度的震害程度评估方法,包括Pauli分解、Wishart监督分类和遥感震害指数提取,并利用玉树县城区2010年4月14日青海玉树7.1级地震震后全极化Radarsat-2影像,提取了建筑物震害信息。经统计,确定结果总体分类精度达到0.81,Kappa值为0.61,表明本文提取建筑物震害的方法是可行的。     

东莞市历史建筑数字化保护研究

本文通过对东莞市获批的278处历史建筑的现场调研,采用无人机、三维激光扫描等空间信息技术实现信息采集和数字化建库,结合数字化管理平台与公众服务系统全方位展示和传播东莞市历史建筑的文化价值。旨在探索数字化技术与历史建筑保护相结合的新模式,为传统文化资源的保存、保护、活化利用及传播提供新思路,从而推动历史建筑保护管理工作向科学化、完整化、系统化和共享化方向发展。     

A Gestalt rules and graph-cut-based simplification framework for urban building models

To visualize large urban models efficiently, this paper presents a framework for generalizing urban building footprints and facade textures by using multiple Gestalt rules and a graph-cut-based energy function. First, an urban scene is divided into different blocks by main road networks. In each block, the building footprints are partitioned into potential Gestalt groups. A footprint may satisfy several Gestalt principles. We employ the graph-cut-based optimization function to obtain a consistent segmentation of the buildings into optimal Gestalt groups with minimal energy. The building footprints in each Gestalt group are aggregated into different levels of detail (LODs). Building facade textures are also abstracted and simplified into multiple LODs using the same approach as the building footprint simplification. An effective data structure termed SceneTree is introduced to manage these aggregated building footprints and facade textures. Combined with the parallelization scheme, the rendering efficiency of large-scale urban buildings is improved. Compared with other methods, our presented method can efficiently visualize large urban models and maintain the city's image.     

The application of integrated urban inundation model in Republic of Korea

In urban areas with a high building density, features such as roads, buildings and river dykes significantly affect flow dynamics and flood propagation. This should therefore be accounted for in the model set‐up. While 2D hydraulic models of densely urban areas are at the forefront of current research into flood inundation mechanisms, these models are constrained by inadequate parameters of topography and insufficient data. In order to solve these problems, topographic information obtained from digital elevation model (DEM) is directly programmed into the urban inundation model for a densely urban area, without exchanging the input data. In this paper, the extraction of building area is described using a tight coupling approach within a GIS environment, and its influence on the extent of flood inundation with a high building density is estimated. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

建筑群变形监测方法探讨

随着国家城镇化速度的加快,需要进行变形监测的建筑物越来越多。为确保建筑物的安全使用,变形监测的必要性和重要性愈加明显。本文结合工作实际,提出了实际监测中针对建筑群的几种比较方便实用的监测方法,以期与同仁一起对建筑群的监测方法进行探讨,更好地提高工作质量,减轻工作强度。     

Collapse simulation of reinforced concrete high‐rise building induced by extreme earthquakes

Collapse resistance of high‐rise buildings has become a research focus because of the frequent occurrence of strong earthquakes and terrorist attacks in recent years. Research development has demonstrated that numerical simulation is becoming one of the most powerful tools for collapse analysis in addition to the conventional laboratory model tests and post‐earthquake investigations. In this paper, a finite element method based numerical model encompassing fiber‐beam element model, multilayer shell model, and elemental deactivation technique is proposed to predict the collapse process of high‐rise buildings subjected to extreme earthquake. The potential collapse processes are simulated for a simple 10‐story RC frame and two existing RC high‐rise buildings of 18‐story and 20‐story frame–core tube systems. The influences of different failure criteria used are discussed in some detail. The analysis results indicate that the proposed numerical model is capable of simulating the collapse process of existing high‐rise buildings by identifying potentially weak components of the structure that may induce collapse. The study outcome will be beneficial to aid further development of optimal design philosophy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.