夏季东北亚阻塞高压年际变化的一个物理机制

根据实际观测资料反演获得描述大气环流演变的空间谱函数后,从改进的高截断谱模式途径出发研究了夏季东北亚阻塞高压年际变化的物理机制.结果表明,前期外部热源强迫的空间分布大致为El Nio型分布时,外部热力强迫导致大气环流演变中波波相互作用主要表现为纬向2波的相互作用;波流相互作用主要表现为经向2波和3波与反映基本流中的经向1波的相互作用.这样使得500 hPa高度场上东北亚地区为一相对正异常区,为夏季东北亚阻塞的频繁发生提供了有利的大气环流背景.而前期外部热源强迫大致为La Nia型分布时,外部热力强迫则导致大气环流演变中波波相互作用主要表现为纬向1波的相互作用;波流相互作用主要表现为经向2波和4波与反映基本流中的经向2波的相互作用.从而使得500 hPa高度场上帆北亚地区出现相对负异常,抑制了夏季东北亚阻塞的发生.     

Experimental evidence of the transition between power law models in the high frequency range of the gravity wave spectrum

The existence of a transition in the slope of the wind-generated gravity wave spectrum from a f⁻⁴ to a f⁻⁵ power law, at a given frequency in the high frequency range, is examined. Evidence of its existence and of the non-uniqueness of the wave spectrum slope in the equilibrium range is presented. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the statistical variability of the spectral estimates makes it difficult to obtain reliable results from limited sets of finite length wave records.     

下庄矿田气热高温铀成矿特征及年龄研究

本文报道了在下庄矿田花岗岩体接触带附近的剪切构造糜棱岩带中,存在受深色蚀变岩制约的气热高温型铀成矿,它是下庄矿田发生于晚侏罗世的一次重要铀成矿作用。文中指出了韧性剪切带及气热交代蚀变岩是铀成矿的共同控制因素,同时划分了４种气热高温矿石组合类型,对各组合电子探针分析的化学成分作了较详细介绍。文章还披露了作者所测的３个矿石晶质铀矿Ｕ－Ｐｂ同位素年龄（为１６５—１４６Ｍａ）,表明属晚侏罗世成矿。此外,对以往所划分的成矿期次提出了修改的商榷意见。     

桑干地区高压麻粒岩中石榴石和斜长石的连续激光探针~(40)Ar~-~(39)Ar等时年龄及其地质意义

采用微区激光探针４０Ａｒ－３９Ａｒ定年方法, 对华北桑干地区高压基性麻粒岩中变质石榴石和斜长石直接进行了原位微区年代测定。石榴石变斑晶是高压麻粒岩相变质作用形成的矿物,石榴石周围后成合晶反应边组合中的斜长石是石榴石减压分解的产物。石榴石斑晶的４０Ａｒ－３９Ａｒ等时线年龄为２５１０ Ｍａ, 证明高压变质作用发生在太古宙末。斜长石４０Ａｒ－３９Ａｒ等时线年龄为１９６８Ｍａ, 代表石榴石在中压麻粒岩相条件下分解的时代。它们之间年龄相差大于５００Ｍａ, 说明高压麻粒岩可能没有经历近等温减压的ＰＴ轨迹。后成合晶组合很可能代表中压麻粒岩相变质作用的叠加。这一结果对探讨华北克拉通桑干地区早期地壳的构造演化具有重要意义。     

金字塔沙丘形成的动力条件分析

金字塔沙丘(或星状沙丘)形成的动力条件主要有三个方面:一是在非沙质床面的气流场辐合区,一般具有三个以上近似均布的主风向,各主风向的风力强度、出现频率及持续时间不尽相同,但年总输沙能力较为接近,而且月输沙能力具有明显的季节变化;二是不太充裕的沙源和高浓度不饱和风沙流;三是不同尺度地形条件的动力作用,和沙漠与戈壁下垫面的热力影响。在沙质床面,往往由于高浓度饱和或过饱和风沙流的作用,导致新月形沙丘或新月形沙丘链的变态,或重新组合成金字塔状的沙丘形态,但不可能发育为典型的金字塔沙丘。     

基于生态优先的海洋空间资源高质量开发利用对策研究

海洋空间资源开发利用质量与政府公共资源规划配置决策、资源使用者利用方式密切相关。文章通过对目前海洋空间资源开发利用特征研究,揭示了影响海洋资源开发质量的资源储备、规划配置、生态环境、开发方式等方面的制约因素,并从政府机制建设和使用者资源开发模式两个层面提出完善和改进对策。一是政府在海洋资源收储、统筹集约规划、生态环境保护方面建立保障与引导机制;二是资源使用者选择技术创新和精细化开发策略,以期为实现海洋空间资源高质量开发利用提供参考。     

Hydrometeorological assessments and suspended sediment delivery from a central Himalayan glacier in the upper Ganga basin

Integrated hydrometeorological investigations are not frequently available at a regional scale over a longer time period, especially near the terminus of Indian Himalayan glaciers. An integrated approach to the collection of hydrological data has major advantages for understanding the runoff generation mechanisms at basin scale, particularly when coupled with meteorological observations. The current study involves time series analysis of hydrometeorological records collected near the terminus of the Chorabari Glacier, for four consecutive ablation seasons(June-Sept.) 2009-2012. The analysis shows that variation in rainfall was higher(c_v= 0.9) at the same elevation over proximal sites, while the intensity of extreme rainfall events was 121-160 mm/d. The diurnal temperature range(DTR) has a tendency to reduce over the ablation season because of the onset of the Indian Summer Monsoon(ISM) and then further increases during the ISM withdrawal indicating humid-temperate conditions. The peak discharge(Qpeak) was found to be higher during July and August. Snow and glacier melt contributed 76% of the total suspended sediment transport during peak ISM months(July and August) reflecting seasonal evolution of the hydrologic conduits. The results indicate that Karakoram and western Himalayan glaciers produce comparatively low sediment yield compared to central Himalayan glaciers. The hydrological variations are depicted through flow duration curves(FDC) for meltwater discharge and sediment load. The flow corresponding to Q_(50), Q_(75), and Q_(90)(where Qx is the discharge that is exceeded x percent of the time referred to as % dependability) are 4.2, 3.7, and 2.8 m~3/s; and the corresponding dependability for suspended sediment loads(SSLs) are 409.0, 266.0, and 157.2 t/d, respectively. The daily SSL and discharge(Q) from 2009 to 2012 were used to develop a sediment rating curve(SSL = 39.55 × Q~(1.588). R~2 = 0.8).Multiple regressions are used to determine the impacts of meteorological parameters on glacier melt.The meteorological conditions, hydrological characteristics, and suspended sediment delivery for the Chorabari Glacier provide insight on meltwater generation processes and sediment transport patterns during the ISM season.     

机载激光雷达技术在地质灾害调查中的应用——以四川九寨沟7.0级地震为例

九寨沟7.0级地震诱发的地质灾害具有高位滑坡远程灾害的特点,传统地质灾害排查手段无法有效解决隐患的早期识别问题。本文采用机载激光雷达测量技术,快速获取九寨沟地震核心景区的激光点云数据。通过构建高精度数字高程模型(DEM)、数字正射影像图(DOM),建立三维地质灾害解译场景,利用数字地形分析、地形形态学分析和计算机图像识别等技术,综合开展九寨沟高位远程区域内隐蔽性强、随机性大的地质灾害隐患早期识别与分析。应用实践表明,机载激光雷达测量技术可以提高九寨沟地震灾区地质灾害隐患的早期识别能力,对进一步提高综合防灾减灾能力提供了一些可借鉴的思路。     

Slowness domain offset and traveltime approximations in layered vertical transversely isotropic media

Considering horizontally layered transversely isotropic media with vertical symmetry axis and all types of pure‐mode and converted waves we present a new wide‐angle series approximation for the kinematical characteristics of reflected waves: horizontal offset, intercept time, and total reflection traveltime as functions of horizontal slowness. The method is based on combining (gluing) both zero‐offset and (large) finite‐offset series coefficients. The horizontal slowness is bounded by the critical value, characterised by nearly horizontal propagation within the layer with the highest horizontal velocity. The suggested approximation uses five parameters to approximate the offset, six parameters to approximate the intercept time or the traveltime, and seven parameters to approximate any two or all three kinematical characteristics. Overall, the method is very accurate for pure‐mode compressional waves and shear waves polarised in the horizontal plane and for converted waves. The application of the method to pure‐mode shear waves polarised in the vertical plane is limited due to cusps and triplications. To demonstrate the high accuracy of the method, we consider a synthetic, multi‐layer model, and we plot the normalised errors with respect to numerical ray tracing.