潮汐盐沼环境特点及高分辨率海面变化有孔虫标尺

潮汐盐沼是海洋边缘海环境的最边缘部分,是海陆过渡的真正边界。盐沼环境因素具明显的垂直分带性,各环境参数变化是典型的海洋或陆地不可相比的,盐沼坡度平缓,由海向陆的环境变化在这里分异清楚;沉积中垂向变化平面上得到极大的放大等。据国外研究,盐沼环境控制着有孔虫的特征和分布,利于盐沼有孔虫的垂直分带恢复古海平面变化,精确到±２０ｃｍ,甚至±５ｃｍ,这在海面变化、环境演变、全球变化研究上有重要意义。     

积云对流加热作用下赤道波的稳定性

利用国家气象中心从ECMWF引进的中期数值预报准业务模式(T42L9),在对其中的云-辐射过程改进的基础上,以1979年6月14日12GMT的FGGE-Ⅲb资料为初始场.对1979年6月14日至19日期间南亚高压北跳过程中青藏高原的热力和动力作用以及云-辐射作用的贡献进行了数值试验研究。分别在有地形非绝热、有地形绝热、无地形绝热以及不考虑云-辐射反馈情形下进行了五天数值预报试验.模拟结果指出,青藏高原南侧的热力作用是这次北跳加强过程的主要原因,而大地形的动力作用不利于南亚高压的北跳加强(两者共同作用造成南亚高压的中期振荡)。云-辐射相互作用有利于南亚高压的北跳加强。     

石榴子石的高温塑性：地幔转换带的流变特性

介绍了近年来国际地球物理学界在石榴子石相矿物高温塑性实验研究领域取得的进展和它的意义。这些实验研究进展表明地幔转换带内的富石榴子石岩层的流变强度要大大高于相邻深度的其它矿物相，从而导致地幔转换带流变非均匀性。这种由于矿物组分差异产生的地幔流变性非均匀性对地幔转换带地球动力学特征有着十分重大的影响。首先，石榴子石相矿物在很大程度上决定了那里的强度结构，并控制了地幔转换带的流变性。第二，中、深源地震的成因在很大程度上与石榴子石相矿物流变特性有关，第三，地幔转换带流变的非均匀性将影响到俯冲板块的下插深度和消减过程，最后，对这一课题的未来研究方向和问题作了简单的介绍。     

关于三峡永久船闸高边坡快速施工地质超前预报的几个问题

文中就三峡永久船闸高边坡快速施工地质超前预报的几个问题进行了讨论。分别研究了三峡永久船闸高边坡施工地质超前预报的必要性，提出了超前预报技术思路，最后就高边坡岩体反分析及反馈设计问题、施工地质超前预报问题以及与监测相适应的超前处理及防护进行了分析。     

合黎山地区地质构造特征及成矿预测

本文依据最新的1:5万高精度航磁资料对甘肃合黎山地区的基底构造性质、断裂构造及岩浆岩分布特征进行了初步探讨,并在此基础上预测了区内金及多金属矿产的找矿远景。     

高密度极尖区的形成原因

极尖区是太阳风进入磁层的一个重要窗口,极尖区密度是反映这一物理过程的重要参量,通常情况下极尖区密度约为1~10 cm^-3,但有时卫星会观测到密度大于40 cm^-3的极尖区,本文称之为高密度极尖区.我们分析了Cluster卫星2001—2009年的观测数据,在470个极尖区穿越中找到28个高密度极尖区穿越事件并进行了统计研究,分析了高密度极尖区事件的形成原因,进而讨论了太阳风高效地进入极尖区的外部条件.结果表明：距正午的距离（｜MLT-12｜）较小,太阳风的密度高,低纬有磁层顶磁重联发生以及正偶极倾角都是观测到高密度极尖区事件的有利条件,并且当同时满足上述4个条件时,高密度极尖区事件发生率为100%;而低纬磁层顶磁重联以及大的正偶极倾角被认为是太阳风高效地进入极尖区的重要条件.这些研究结果有助于我们更进一步地理解太阳风进入极尖区的物理机制.     

The heat capacity of cerium orthophosphate CePO<Subscript>4</Subscript>, the synthetic analogue of monazite

The heat capacity of CePO₄ monazite-type structure was measured by the hybrid adiabatic relaxation method in the temperature range 0.5 to 320 K and by differential scanning calorimetry from 400 to 1370 K. A thermal anomaly was observed below T 4.5 K. A semi-empirical method has been used to describe the total specific heat as the sum of a lattice and an excess component. From the heat-capacity measurements, the thermodynamic functions of CePO₄ were determined at the standard temperature of 298.15 K.     

Equation of state of iron–silicon alloys to megabar pressure

The stability and pressure–volume equation of state of iron–silicon alloys, Fe-8.7 wt% Si and Fe-17.8 wt% Si, have been investigated using diamond-anvil cell techniques up to 196 and 124 GPa, respectively. Angular–dispersive X-ray diffractions of iron–silicon alloys were measured at room temperature using monochromatic synchrotron radiation and an imaging plate (IP). A bcc–Fe-8.7 wt% Si transformed to hcp structure at around 1636 GPa. The high-pressure phase of Fe-8.7 wt% Si with hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure was found to be stable up to 196 GPa and no phase transition of bcc–Fe-17.8 wt% Si was observed up to 124 GPa. The pressure–volume data were fitted to a third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state (BM EOS) with zero–pressure parameters: V₀=22.2(8) ų, K₀=198(9) GPa, and K₀=4.7(3) for hcp–Fe-8.7 wt% Si and V₀=179.41(45) ų, K₀=207(15) GPa and K₀=5.1(6) for Fe-17.8 wt% Si. The density and bulk sound velocity of hcp–Fe-8.7 wt% Si indicate that the inner core could contain 3–5 wt% Si.     

Static compression of α-Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>: linear incompressibility of lattice parameters and high-pressure transformations

The high-pressure behavior of -Fe₂O₃ has been studied under static compression up to 60 GPa, using a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. Synchrotron-based angular-dispersive X-ray diffraction shows that the sample remains in the corundum structure up to 50 GPa, but with the appearance of coexisting diffraction lines from a high-pressure phase at pressures above 45 GPa. A least-squares fit of low-pressure phase data to an Eulerian finite-strain equation of state yields linear incompressibilities of K _{a 0}=749.5 (± 18.4) GPa and K _{c 0}= 455.7 (± 21.4) GPa, differing by a factor of 1.6 along the two directions. The enhanced compressibility of the c axis may lead to breaking of vertex- or edge-sharing bonds between octahedra, inducing the high-pressure phase transformation at 50 GPa. Analysis of linear compressibilities suggests that the high-pressure phase above 50 GPa is of the Rh₂O₃ (II) structure. Continuous laser heating reveals a new structural phase transformation of -Fe₂O₃ at 22 GPa, to an orthorhombic structure with a=7.305(3) Å, b=7.850(3) Å, and c=12.877(14) Å, different from the Rh₂O₃ (II) structure.     

Packet Structure of Surface Eddies in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer

A smoke visualization experiment has beenperformed in the first 3,m ofneutral and unstable atmospheric boundary layersat very large Reynolds number(Re > 10⁶). Under neutral atmosphericconditions mean wind profiles agreewell with those in the canonical flatplate zero-pressure-gradient turbulentboundary layer. The experiment was designedto minimize the temperaturedifference between the passive marker (smoke)and the air to ensure that anyobserved structures were due to vortical, ratherthan buoyant, motions. Imagesacquired in the streamwise–wall-normal planeusing a planar laser light-sheetare strikingly similar to those observed inlaboratory experiments at low to moderate Reynolds numbers. They reveal large-scaleramp-like structures withdownstream inclination of 3°–35°.This inclination isinterpreted as the hairpin packet growthangle following the hairpin vortexpacket model ofAdrian, Meinhart, and Tomkins.The distribution of this characteristicangle agrees with the results of experiments at far lower Reynolds numbers,suggesting a similarity in structures among low, moderate, and high Reynoldsnumber boundary layers at vastly different scales. These results indicate thatthe hairpin vortex packet model extends over a large range of scales. Theeffect of vertical heat transport in an unstable atmosphere on wall structuresis investigated in terms of the hairpin vortex packet model.