养殖对虾细菌性红体病的初步研究

从海南琼山患红体病的养殖南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei)的肝胰脏和肌肉中分离出2株细菌，经纯化培养后的人工感染结果表明，该2株菌均为引起对虾红体病的细菌性病原菌；根据对这2株菌的形态及生理生化特征检测结果，确定这2株菌分别为溶藻弧菌(Vibrioalginolyticus)和副溶血弧菌(V.parahaemolyticus)。药敏试验表明，氮霉素、链霉素和庆大霉素等7种抗生素对抑制这2种致病菌具有良好作用。     

Foreign‐Born Status and Geographic Patterns of Tuberculosis Genotypes in Tarrant County,Texas

Regardless of destination, immigrants arrive with health profiles typical of people in their previous surroundings. Thus, immigrants change the epidemiological profile of destination communities, and immigrant neighborhoods may represent islands of infectious disease. Genotyping has emerged as a useful surveillance tool to track the spread of disease at the molecular level. Yet the spatial distribution of infectious disease at the molecular level associated with migration and immigrant neighborhoods has received little attention. Using molecular genotyping to characterize M. tuberculosis isolated from tuberculosis cases, this article analyzes spatial variations of unique molecular M. tuberculosis strains by zip code in Tarrant County, Texas. The results suggest that immigrant neighborhoods have higher rates of unique isolates of tuberculosis (suggestive of remote transmission) compared to neighborhoods occupied by the native‐born. Neighborhoods dominated by the native‐born have higher rates of clustered isolates (suggestive of recent transmission). Therefore, in addition to being culturally distinct, immigrant neighborhoods may also be pathogenically distinct from surrounding neighborhoods.     

3S技术在松材线虫病监测预警中的应用研究现状

松材线虫病是一种林业上最具危险性、毁灭性的病害,通过分析3S技术及其特、松材线虫病的起源及其危害情况,综述3S技术在松材线虫病监测预警中的应用研究现状,提出利用中低分辨率遥感卫星数据在时间序列上的累计环境变化响应,结合GIS技术、人工智能等技术来监测松材线虫病是一种新方法,讨论了3S技术应用于松材线虫病监测存在的问题及研究方向。     

城市化对传染病传播影响的动态模拟 ———以英国南安普顿市为例

在定量化和空间化模拟分析的基础上,探讨了城市化对传染病传播影响的模型框架.该模型框架是通过人口空间分布表面,集成了元胞自动机土地开发模型、人口预测矩阵模型和元胞自动机传染病模型,在动态的,随机的模拟环境中将城市化与传染病传播结合起来.以英国南安普顿市为研究区,对南安普顿市的"郊区化"对传染病传播的影响进行了动态模拟,场景模拟和定量分析.结果表明:4个模拟预测年期(2001年、2011年、2021年和2031年)的平均传染病例数没有太大的变化,"郊区化"对传染病的传播没有太大影响.但是,"郊区化"中的城市局部的家庭迁移和全市的年轻年龄组的迁移可能会通过在同年份减少平均传染病例数而影响传染病的传播.     

内表面补强对缺陷病害隧道结构承载力影响的模型试验研究

以重庆市在建的笔架山隧道为现场原型,采用几何比为1: 25的大比例室内模型试验,选取Ⅲ级类围岩拱顶空洞60?的缺陷隧道为研究对象,重点研究在相同围岩级别、缺陷形式及加载方式下结构产生病害后,采用不同的内表面补强材料刚度并考虑补强范围对结构最终承载力的影响,得出了相应补强形式条件下结构最终破坏时的形式、内力分布等状况,并通过对比不同补强方式时的结构破坏及受力状况得出合理的结论,以期对隧道的维护管理提供重要的参考依据。     

Mapping rates associated with polygons

Suppose that geographic data under investigation are rates associated with polygons. For example, disease incidence, mortality, and census undercount data may be displayed as rates. Spatial analysis of data of this sort can be handled very naturally through Bayesian hierarchical statistical modeling, where there is a measurement process at the first level, an explanatory process at the second level, and a prior probability distribution on unknowns at the third level. In our paper, we shall feature epidemiological data, specifically disease-incidence rates, and the “polygons” referred to in the title are typically states or counties.     

The changing geography of morbidity and mortality in post-communist Poland

In general, the health of Poles improved markedly in the thirty years after the Second World War, but there was some deterioration after 1989 before improvement resumed. Only in the case of cancer is there an upward trend and so Poles are now healthier than they have been at any time in the past. However there are sharp regional variations well exemplified by the incidence of tuberculosis, where there appears to be some correlation with poorer housing and atmospheric pollution. High death rates in Lodz (consistently the highest in the country at the voivodship level between 1989 and 1996), may also be linked with environmental pollution as well as the ageing of the population. Variations between town and country are small, but Poland shows up in a poor light when compared with other European countries. These are important issues for the administration and financing of the welfare services. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

三维动态对比增强磁共振血管成像诊断下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的应用价值

目的:探讨三维动态对比增强磁共振血管成像(3D CE-MRA)在诊断下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(LEASD)中的应用价值。方法:收集临床诊断为LEASD的64例患者行下肢动脉3D CE-MRA及数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查,分析两者结果是否有差异。结果:以DSA金标准作为对照组,3D CE-MRA对下肢动脉狭窄及闭塞程度的分级与DSA比较,Kappa值为0.84≥0.75,一致性较好,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但3D CE-MRA对下肢动脉狭窄及闭塞有一定程度的高估及低估,对轻度狭窄、中度狭窄、重度狭窄的高估率分别为3.3%(11/332)、4.0%(5/125)、4.5%(5/112)。对中度狭窄、重度狭窄及闭塞的低估率分别为9.6%(12/125)、4.0%(5/112)、15%(20/132)。以DSA为标准,3D CE-MRA诊断下肢动脉狭窄及闭塞的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为93.7%(701/753)、93.1%(563/605)、95.1%(701/737)、94.9%(563/599)。结论:3D CE-MRA下肢动脉成像是一种无创、无辐射、有效的血管检查方法,可作为LEASD的优选检查方法。      

16排螺旋CT血管成像在烟雾病中的诊断价值

目的：探讨16排CTA在烟雾病中的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析12例烟雾病（MMD）患者的临床及影像资料,12例患者均行CT平扫及CTA检查。结果：10例患者CT平扫发现脑实质密度异常,6例表现为脑梗塞、呈多发、对称性,4例表现为脑出血,其中3例为蛛网膜下腔出血,1例为基底节出血,2例CT平扫未见明显异常。5例患者表现为不同程度脑萎缩,以额、颞叶为主。CTA均能显示血管狭窄或闭塞的部位,呈多支动脉受累,可见颅底烟雾状血管及侧支代偿血管。结论：CTA图像不仅可以显示脑实质病变如脑出血、脑缺血,而且可以显示血管狭窄及闭塞,可作为筛查烟雾病的常规检查方法。