生态环境中的硒及其地方病

总结了硒的来源及在环境介质中的分布特点 ;讨论了硒的形态及影响其生物有效性的因素、硒的生物地球化学循环 ;分析了硒与地方病的关系以及它在生态环境中所起的重要作用     

探地雷达技术在道路路基病害探测中的应用

文章首先简要叙述探地雷达的工作方法和技术特点,介绍了探地雷达图像的分析处理过程(编辑标记、地形高程改正、距离修正、去除干扰信号和进行数字信号处理等),重点研究了道路路基存在较大空洞和不规则孔洞、地层软弱区、地层松散区、雨水或者地下水入侵路基层、路基产生沉陷、断层或裂缝等主要病害的探地雷达图像特征.文章还列举了两个应用工程实例,并论述了探地雷达在道路路基病害探测中应用的可行性和优越性.     

一株引起凡纳滨对虾红体病的病原菌--副溶血弧菌的初步研究

从2001年7月辽宁省盘锦市大洼对虾养殖厂大面积暴发红体病(全身发红,活动减弱,食欲减退,壳变硬,死亡率高)的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)肌肉组织中分离到3株优势菌,经回归感染证实其中一株为引发本次凡纳滨对虾红体病的病原菌,编号为0107。对该菌进行了生理生化鉴定和16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析,将其判定为副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)。药敏实验结果显示,该菌对头孢哌酮、头孢曲松等多种抗生素敏感,对氨苄西林、青霉素等抗生素不敏感。     

地下淡水演变与水致疾病

地下淡水是地球水圈中罕见的自然资源和敏感脆弱的环境要素,地下淡水演变与人类生存息息相关。地下淡水最严重的演变是其中Ｎ－浓度的持续增高,浅层地下水成为大陆氮的贮存库。许多环境是水致疾病。水致疾病的分布受水文地球化学分带控制。在氧化带易发生碘缺乏病,在还原带易发生氟中毒病,在富有机质和Ｈ２Ｓ的潮湿地带易发生克山病。     

地质雷达+三维测量内窥镜的城市道路病害检测与应用

城市道路病害体作为城市安全的重要隐患,具有隐蔽性、突发性等特点,需及时予以检测和处理。地质雷达利用电磁波反射确定地下介质分布,以其无损、快捷及浅层高分辨率优势广泛应用于城市道路病害检测中,但要对病害体作进一步处理,需要对病害体做进一步精细勘测。本文利用地质雷达在道路病害检测中的优势,结合三维测量内窥镜技术的实时视频和测量功能,实现道路地下病害体的准确定位和精准测量,为后续防治和治理提供有用数据。     

基于空间分析方法的疾病地理研究进展

健康已成为人类普遍关注的问题,以人类健康为研究对象的医学地理目前正成为全球性的研究热点,其中疾病地理又是相对成熟的分支和主要的研究方向.空间分析方法的引入,开拓了疾病地理研究的新领域,也成为疾病监测和评估的一个辅助工具,这使得疾病时空研究取得了重大进展.本文在前人研究的基础上,从时空两方面揭示了疾病地理近年来主要的研究动态和特点,并提出了当前疾病地理研究的某些不足,最后展望了今后我国疾病地理的研究任务和方向.     

Expression of putative zinc-finger protein lcn61 gene in lymphocystis disease virus China (LCDV-cn) genome

An open reading frame (lcn61) of iymphocystis disease virus China (LCDV-cn), probably responsible for encoding putative zinc-finger proteins was amplified and inserted into pET24a (+) vector.Then it expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3), and His-tag fusion protein of high yield was obtained. It was found that the fusion protein existed in E. coli mainly as inclusion bodies. The bioinformatics analysis indicates that LCN61 is C2H2 type zinc-finger protein containing four C2H2 zinc-finger motifs. This work provides a theory for functional research of lcn61 gene.     

Identification of AOSC-binding proteins in neurons

Acidic oligosaccharide sugar chain （AOSC）, a D-mannuronic acid oligosaccharide, derived from brownalgaepolysaccharide, has been completed Phase I clinical trial in China as an anti-Alzheimer＇s Disease （AD） drug candidate. The identification of AOSC-binding protein（s） in neurons is very important for understanding its action mechanism. To determine the binding protein（s） of AOSC in neurons mediating its anti-AD activities, confocal microscopy, affinity chromatography, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） analysis were used. Confocal microscopy analysis shows that AOSC binds to SH-SY5Y cells in concentration-, time-, and temperature-dependent fashions. The AOSC binding proteins were purified by affinity chromatography and identified by LC-MS/MS analysis. The results showed that there are 349 proteins binding AOSC, including clathrin, adaptor protein-2 （AP-2） and amyloid precursor protein （APP）. These results suggest that the binding/entrance of AOSC to neurons is probably responsible for anti-AD activities.     

Detection of stress in tomatoes induced by late blight disease in California, USA, using hyperspectral remote sensing

Large-scale farming of agricultural crops requires on-time detection of diseases for pest management. Hyperspectral remote sensing data taken from low-altitude flights usually have high spectral and spatial resolutions, which can be very useful in detecting stress in green vegetation. In this study, we used late blight in tomatoes to illustrate the capability of applying hyperspectral remote sensing to monitor crop disease in the field scale and to develop the methodologies for the purpose. A series of field experiments was conducted to collect the canopy spectral reflectance of tomato plants in a diseased tomato field in Salinas Valley of California. The disease severity varied from stage 1 (the light symptom), to stage 4 (the sever damage). The economic damage of the crop caused by the disease is around the disease stage 3. An airborne visible infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) image with 224 bands within the wavelength range of 0.4–2.5 μm was acquired during the growing season when the field data were collected. The spectral reflectance of the field samples indicated that the near infrared (NIR) region, especially 0.7–1.3 μm, was much more valuable than the visible range to detect crop disease. The difference of spectral reflectance in visible range between health plants and the infected ones at stage 3 was only 1.19%, while the difference in the NIR region was high, 10%. We developed an approach including the minimum noise fraction (MNF) transformation, multi-dimensional visualization, pure pixels endmember selection and spectral angle mapping (SAM) to process the hyperspectral image for identification of diseased tomato plants. The results of MNF transformation indicated that the first 28 eigenimages contain useful information for classification of the pixels and the rest were mainly noise-dominated due to their low eigenvalues that had few signals. Therefore, the 28 signal eigenimages were used to generate a multi-dimensional visualization space for endmember spectra selection and SAM. Classification with the SAM technique of plants’ spectra showed that the late blight diseased tomatoes at stage 3 or above could be separated from the healthy plants while the less infected plants (at stage 1 or 2) were difficult to separate from the healthy plants. The results of the image analysis were consistent with the field spectra. The mapped disease distribution at stage 3 or above from the image showed an accurate conformation of late blight occurrence in the field. This result not only confirmed the capability of hyperspectral remote sensing in detecting crop disease for precision disease management in the real world, but also demonstrated that the spectra-based classification approach is an applicable method to crop disease identification.     

内蒙古河套地区高氟水成因分析

根据内蒙古生态地球化学调查结果，结合大量的水质测定资料，编制了河套地区地下水氟离子含量分级图，分析研究了区内高氟水的形成与富集的原因。包括当地气候条件等自然因素，研究区内岩性、土壤性质、地下水物化条件、湖泊沉积物类型等地质因素和人类活动二个方面。其中起主导作用的是自然因素、地质因素，而像包头市近郊潜水氟污染是由于包钢的废渣和废水排放等人类活动引起的。对治理河套地区氟中毒的区域环境问题提出了相应的建议。