Factors explaining the dispersal of Hendra virus disease in South-East Queensland

Hendra virus (HeV) was first described in 1994 following the outbreak of a new disease fatally affecting horses and humans in South-east Queensland. The disease kills 70% of the infected horses and under some circumstances the virus is spread to humans who have had close contact with the infected horses. Fruit bats (Pteropus spp.) commonly known as flying foxes have been identified as the natural host of the virus. A preliminary analysis of the incidents and the flying fox roosting sites revealed a strong relationship between the temporary and seasonal roosting sites in the South-east Queensland. The aim of this paper is to determine the potential factors that can explain the dispersal of HeV incidents in the study area. Based on the preliminary results, a further analysis was done on the roosting sites by considering factors such as the species of flying foxes, foraging range and pregnancy period. Spatial autocorrelation (Global Moran’s I) revealed significant clustering of P. alecto and P. scapulatus species. Kernel density estimation analysis helped in identifying a strong relationship between P. alecto & P. scapulatus species density and the outbreak events in the study area. Buffer analysis established an initial relationship between P. alecto & P. poliocephalus species birth periods and the incidents. Ordinary least-squares regression identified P. poliocephalus species as statistically significant at a global context across the study area. Geographically weighted regression analysis was performed to study the local spatial variations of the explanatory variables. P. alecto & P. poliocephalus species exhibited a significant positive relationship in most of the regions where as pregnancy period variable exhibited a significant negative relationship to the HeV incidents in the study area.     

Making Alzheimer’s disease matter. Enacting, interfering and doing politics of nature

This article contributes to recent discussions about the politics of nature by exploring how Alzheimer’s disease is being shaped as a ‘matter of concern’. Drawing on work on differences in medicine from science and technology studies, and from the geographies of naturecultures, it explores the ‘mattering’ of this disease in a number of locations including: an international Alzheimer’s patients’ movement; a medical textbook; laboratory science; daily care practice; an advertisement for anti-dementia medication; general practice; parliamentary politics; and a conference on dementia. It explores how these locations interfere and co-exist with one another and argues against the ‘science centrism’ of science and technology studies which contributes to the dominance of science and medicine by granting these analytical privilege. The same problem is posed in the recent STS turn from science to politics - the danger is that politics is similarly privileged.     

天气突变对心脑血管疾病的影响

为做好公共气象疾病指数预报服务,以丹东市近2004—2015年共8677例心脑血管疾病住院患者为样本,分析了心脑血管疾病住院人数与气象因素关系,重点分析了11月至次年2月天气突变对心脑血管疾病发病的影响,结果表明:(1)心脑血管疾病的患病住院人数与气压、风速均呈极显著正相关关系,分别为0.949和0.933;与月平均气温呈极显著负相关关系(-0.992),均通过了0.01的显著性水平检验,且冬季心脑血管病住院人数大于夏季;(2)冷锋、气旋、寒潮和大风等突变气象条件与心脑血管疾病住院人数呈正相关。该分析结果可作为日常公共气象疾病指数预报的科学依据,当预报出现心脑血管疾病高发天气条件时,及时通过手机短信、微博、微信等新媒体提供给广大公众,有利于预防和减轻心脑血管病的发生,取得良好的社会效益。     

冬早熟大蒜叶枯病流行的气象条件分析

根据弥渡县农业技术推广中心多年的观测试验资料,分析了冬早熟大蒜叶枯病流行的规律与气象条件的关系,发现病害与种植区域、种植年度、播期早迟、降雨过程和日照有关。初步提出防治的主要措施,供冬早熟蒜区参考。     

肝脏占位病变CT与B超对比研究

本文通过对肝占位病变３７例分析研究比较原发性肝癌２２例,肝转移癌２例,肝血管瘤８例,肝腺瘤１例,肝脓肿３例,肝包虫１例的ＣＴ和Ｂ超诊断,认为ＣＴ和Ｂ超的联合应用对肝占位病变的检出能力,定性诊断和鉴别诊断有重要的价值。     

Health, women and environment in a marginal region of north-eastern Cambodia

With a population of 70,000, the province of Ratanakiri, close to southern Laos and western central Vietnam, is inhabited by proto-Chinese ethnic minorities who all practice slash and burn cultivation. Despite its natural wealth (wild forests, precious stones, fertile basaltic lands), the region is still a relatively unexplored and deserted area. The geographical isolation of the hilly territory has been worsened by the politico-historical background of the country during the Khmer Rouge regime, and up to now accessibility remains difficult due to the acute guerrilla warfare in the surrounding provinces. In 1994 a few NGO's were implemented and the Cambodian government faces complications in providing proper sanitary and social infrastructures. The health situation is one of the poorest in Cambodia: malaria (vivax and falciparum), typhoid fever, Japanese encephalitis, pneumonia and leprosy are the most dreadful endemic diseases in the tribal villages. The infant mortality rate, even if not available exactly, is desperately high and the health delivery system is restricted to the provincial hospital in the capital and to small dispensaries located in the eight districts, run by an under-equipped paramedical staff which suffers from a permanent shortage of drugs. The dispersion of the (non-permanent) hamlets and the inadequacy of mobile health workers also prevent any improvement in the general living conditions. Among the various activities connected with itinerant agriculture and with the gathering of forest products, women play a major role. They are more careful and harder workers than men (who mostly hunt, fish and undertake difficult physical activities), in the sense that the latter are responsible for the field culture maintenance and supervision and that they regularly go in the forest to pick up various products. Women collect firewood and water, take care of the animals living in the village (pigs, hens, buffaloes and dogs) and have to manage all the traditional domestic duties. The woman's living conditions lead to different exposures to an important number of diseases. In the remote areas, goitre is endemic and low nutritional status is rampant, even if there is no regular food scarcity. Pregnant women do not have any opportunity to slow down their daily activities; they are bound to start working as usual just after delivery, and in case of any health problems, men will never stand in for them and perform female activities. The understanding of gender and environment relationship is therefore an important issue to promote necessary social changes and to improve the health and awareness of the women in Ratanakiri. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

鲍育苗期病害的防治研究──Ⅱ．抗菌药物对幼鲍病害的防治试验

本文报道了以鲍鱼的上足分化幼虫和围口壳幼虫作试验对象，用土霉素、氯霉素、盐酸环丙沙星等抗菌药物作防治幼鲍病害的试验，结果表明：０．５～５ｇ／ｍ３浓度的氯霉素浸浴４８ｈ，１～１０ｇ／ｍ３浓度的土霉素浸浴４８ｈ，０．２５～０．５ｇ／ｍ３浓度的盐酸环丙沙星浸浴２４ｈ都能有效地抑制或杀死细菌；而幼鲍及饵料硅藻的生长和发育均不受其影响；但这些药物对原生动物、线虫和桡足类均无杀伤作用。     

虾池浮游植物群落特征及其与虾病的关系

１９９１年６月至９月对大连地区３个虾场养殖的中国对虾及虾池浮游植物群落进行了调查，研究了虾池浮植物群落的组成结构、数量分布、演替特征及其与虾病之间的关系。结果表明，虾池浮游植物群落组成和数量分布具有较大的突发性；优势种单一，多为赤潮生物种类，有些种类原本为底栖生物；群落演替时间短，变化快；养殖对虾发病症状为红腿和黄鳃，严重出现死亡。浮游植物的总量尤其是赤潮种类的总量与对虾的发病程度有正相关性；群     

对虾红肢病发病机制的研究

１９９０－１９９３年试验使用副溶血弧菌及溶藻弧菌感染获得成功。在试验过程中发现，环境及对虾体质对驿虾感染死亡率影响甚大，恶劣环境中的死亡率比优良环境中的死亡率出８３．３％；体质差的对虾感染的后的２４ｈ死亡率是正常对虾的２．５－３倍。为此，在对虾虾养殖生产中除应注意消灭病原菌外，还应注意优化养殖环境与增强对虾体质的问题。     

中国对虾体表微型生物污着原因及防治法验证

用取自中国对虾Penaeaschinensis养成池人工挂片上的微型污着生物、单胞藻、蛋白胨和几种化学治疗药物在室内水族箱中对中国对虾进行试验，以验证对虾体表微型生物污着的原因，并探讨其防治方法。实验表明：中国对虾体表微型污着生物的组成和数量与加入蛋白胨有关，而与由挂片引入的微型污着生物关系不明显，说明对虾体表微型生物污着的主要原因是水环境中的有机物浓度增高。等鞭金藻Isochrysisgalbana可作为钟虫Vorticellasp.、聚缩虫Zoothamniumsp．、壶鞘虫Lagotiasp.等附着性纤毛虫的食物，但实验中其他几种单胞藻（牟氏角毛藻Chactocerosmuelleri、亚心形扁藻Platymonassubcordiformis、蓝藻Synechococcussp．盐藻Dunaliellasp．）则不能；福尔马林、硫酸铜、孔雀绿、制霉菌素和茶粕均可刺激对虾蜕皮，但以目前推荐给现场使用的药物浓度均难以杀死附着性纤毛虫；在实验的几种药物中，茶粕是刺激中国对虾蜕皮、减少体表微型生物污着最有效的药物。