张家口水泉沟正长岩杂岩体成因的REE和Sr、Nd、Pb同位素证据

水泉沟杂岩体位于尚义 赤城断裂的南侧,侵位于太古宙桑干群变质岩中。岩体形成于晚加里东至早海两期。其稀土元素含量为8.543×10~(-6)～211.6×10~(-6),随着岩石的CaO、MgO、FeO、Fe_2O_3含量降低,SiO_2、K_2O、Na_2O含量增大,稀土含量减小,稀土分布模式由右倾直线型变为近平直的“～”型。在铅同位素构造模式图上杂岩体落在地幔铅同位素演化线附近。在ε_(Nd)-ε-(Sr)图解上处于地幔演化线的下方。杂岩体的钕模式年龄低于围岩桑干群的形成年龄。岩体可能来源干上地幔与下地壳太古宙变质杂岩混熔作用所形成的正长岩岩浆。     

Mineralogy, geochemistry, and palynology of modern and late Tertiary mangrove deposits in the Barreiras Formation of Mosqueiro Island, northeastern Pará state, eastern Amazonia

A coastal environment has been interpreted from 110 cm thick mudstone deposits found at the base of a 10 m immature laterite profile, which forms the modern coastal cliff on Mosqueiro Island in northeastern Pará state, northern Brazil. The late Tertiary sediment deposits of the Barreiras Formation are studied by multi-element geochemistry and pollen analyses. The mineralogical and geochemical results show that the gray, organic-rich deposits are composed of kaolinite, quartz, and illite/muscovite, as well as pyrite and anatase. They are rich in SiO₂, Al₂O₃, and some FeO. The composition is homogenous, indicating that the detritus source area is formed of lateritic soils derived from acid rock composition. Their chemical composition, including trace elements, is somewhat comparable to continental shale, and the values are below the upper continental Earth crust composition. The pollen analytical data document that the mudstone deposits were formed by an ancient mangrove ecosystem. Mineralogical, geochemical, and pollen analytical data obtained from late Tertiary mangrove deposits are compared with modern mangrove deposits from the Bragança Peninsula of the northeastern coast of Pará state. Although the pollen composition of the deposits is very similar to the modern one, the geochemical and mineralogical composition is different. Smectite was only found in the modern deposit; illite/mica occurs in the ancient deposit, along with Mg, K, and Na. The pollen signature and detrital minerals (kaolinite, quartz and anatase) found in both mangrove deposits show that during the Miocene, a humid tropical climate condition prevailed, similar to modern conditions.     

豫北平原咸水水文地质特征及开发利用

豫北平原是河南省重要的能源、冶金和纺织等工业基地,也是粮棉油料作物的主要产区。同时,又是水资源较匮乏的地区。但大量咸水(矿化度>1 0g L)资源得不到开发利用,且广泛分布的咸水已日益突出地成为环境水文地质问题。根据大量实地调查资料和地质成果,文章较详细地论述了豫北平原咸水含水层分布、富水性、补给、径流和排泄、水化学和同位素、利用现状及动态等水文地质特征。为缓解豫北平原水资源供需矛盾的压力,变害为利,根据咸水的分布状况、咸水农业利用和咸水养殖利用的适宜性、咸水改造方法和补源条件等,提出咸水开发利用与改良规划应"以用为主,以用促改"。结合各地实际情况,对不同矿化度的咸水应采取不同的开发利用方式、改良方案和措施。     

年调节平原型水库与地下水联合调蓄分析

本文以辽河石佛寺水库为例,介绍了年调节平原型水库与地下水联合调蓄的模拟分析方法,提出了为满足沈阳市城市供水,辽河应需保证的最少径流量。根据辽河石佛寺水文站的实测资料分析,辽河在枯水季节1～2月份径流量存在一定的风险,因此本文通过模糊带权马尔可夫链方法预测了未来19年1～2月份的径流量状态,并对其可靠性进行了分析,从而为水库地表水与地下水联合调蓄的供水规模及其运行方式提供了科学依据。     

填含比与单井出水量及井水泥沙含量关系探讨

通过对填含比与单井出水量及井水泥沙含量试验资料的分析,建立了水量与填含比关系方程式,由此式计算不同填含比条件下单井出水量增长率。通过分析不同填含比条件下单井出水量增长率关系及井水泥沙含量资料,得出适宜细颗粒地层分布区成井的最佳填含比为15～20。这一结论对地下水的合理开发利用有一定的指导意义。     

平原区区域Cd地球化学异常成因及其生态效应

区域Cd地球化学异常成因机理及其生态效应研究是目前多目标地球化学调查工作中的一个热点问题，但是许多问题仍不明确。本次研究结果表明，区域Cd地球化学异常由自然地质作用形成，主要受土壤机械(粒级)组成的控制，Cd的累积过程遵循吸附沉淀机理，由此决定了土壤中Cd的活性组分含量比较高，并导致部分异常区某些作物中Cd的含量超标。进一步研究发现，Cd异常的生态效应还具有区域分异特征，并因土地耕作方式不同而异，这一发现为农作物合理布局提供了依据。     

Stacked fluvial and tide-dominated estuarine deposits in high-frequency (fourth-order) sequences of the Eocene Central Basin, Spitsbergen

Eighteen coastal-plain depositional sequences that can be correlated to shallow- to deep-water clinoforms in the Eocene Central Basin of Spitsbergen were studied in 1 × 15 km scale mountainside exposures. The overall mud-prone (>300 m thick) coastal-plain succession is divided by prominent fluvial erosion surfaces into vertically stacked depositional sequences, 7–44 m thick. The erosion surfaces are overlain by fluvial conglomerates and coarse-grained sandstones. The fluvial deposits show tidal influence at their seaward ends. The fluvial deposits pass upwards into macrotidal tide-dominated estuarine deposits, with coarse-grained river-dominated facies followed further seawards by high- and low-sinuosity tidal channels, upper-flow-regime tidal flats, and tidal sand bar facies associations. Laterally, marginal sandy to muddy tidal flat and marsh deposits occur. The fluvial/estuarine sequences are interpreted as having accumulated as a series of incised valley fills because: (i) the basal fluvial erosion surfaces, with at least 16 m of local erosional relief, are regional incisions; (ii) the basal fluvial deposits exhibit a significant basinward facies shift; (iii) the regional erosion surfaces can be correlated with rooted horizons in the interfluve areas; and (iv) the estuarine deposits onlap the valley walls in a landward direction. The coastal-plain deposits represent the topset to clinoforms that formed during progradational infilling of the Eocene Central Basin. Despite large-scale progradation, the sequences are volumetrically dominated by lowstand fluvial deposits and especially by transgressive estuarine deposits. The transgressive deposits are overlain by highstand units in only about 30% of the sequences. The depositional system remained an estuary even during highstand conditions, as evidenced by the continued bedload convergence in the inner-estuarine tidal channels.     

Analysis of Geological Background of Seismic Activity in the Chengdu Plain from Data of Seismic Prospecting for Oil

Summarizing the existing data of seismological and geological investigations and of strong and intermediate-strong earthquakes in‘ the Sichuan basin and its adjacent areas accumulated by the seismological and petroleum organizations in Sichuan and of the results of seismic prospecting and detailed exploration in Chengdu depression during the last 20 years permitted us to studythe types and distribution of hidden structures in Chengdu depression and its adjacent areas, in particular, to identify in, detail the “hidden faults” in the Chenngdu-Deyang area on the one hand; The obtained data indicate that the NE-trending Xinjin fault ruus northward and dies out in the south of Penzhen town of Shuangliu County; Meanwhile, we studied genetic relations of seismic activity to active faults and their corresponding movernent charaeteristics on the other hand, Moreover, the Surface faults and deep-seated faults are clearly defined and outlined,and 5 types of seismogenic faults suggestd. The knowledge thus obtained enables us to delimit the focal zones for potential strong earthquakes in Chengdu depression. The study suggests that a zone of 40 km wide and more than 100 km long on sides along the Chengu Deyang lim bas a stable seismogeological background and good engineering-seismological conditions.     

石家庄平原地下水化学演化的质量平衡模拟

石家庄平原地下水化学演化具有明显的分带性规律，本文应用质量平衡模拟理论对其形成的水岩作用机理进行了研究，模拟结果表明控制研究区水化学演化的主要水岩作用过程为：石膏、斜长石、黑云母的溶解，石英、伊利石的沉淀，方解石在上游主要表现为溶解。     

东坪金矿地球物理和地球化学找矿模式

东坪金矿产于华力西期偏碱性杂岩体内接触带中，成矿与地层、构造、岩浆演化密切相关，为石英脉（网脉）、钾长石化蚀变岩型金矿床。通过大量的物化探资料分析研究，建立了物化探综合找矿模式。