宁夏地区深厚湿陷性黄土地基处理方案研究

宁夏南部地区湿陷性黄土厚度较大,湿陷性系数较大,压缩性高,相应地地基处理难度大,费用高,尤以该地区的低层建筑物地基处理安全性和经济性两者矛盾最为突出,已成为制约该地区开发建设的一大阻碍因素。针对此问题,采用经验总结和专家论证的研究方法,提出采用垫层法部分消除湿陷性,同时采取严格防水措施和结构措施的综合处理方案,以科学、安全、经济和适用为宗旨,经该地区采用此地基处理方案的工程实践证明,此方案能够很好地解决该地区低层建筑物地基处理中安全和经济两者的巨大矛盾,使两者达到协调统一。     

基于GMS的傍河应急水源地地下水资源评价

依据铜陵太平－钟仓应急水源地水文地质条件构建水文地质概念模型.在此基础上,利用三维可视化软件GMS建立水源地地下水流数值模拟模型,并对模型进行了识别和验证.模型模拟期为一个应急供水周期180 d（2017－01～2017－06）,水源地开采层位为承压水.模拟结果表明：在采用均匀布井方案和限定开采井水位降深不超过承压含水层顶板的条件下,水源地允许开采量为11.94×10⁴ m³/d,达大型水源地规模（5×10⁴ m³/d<允许开采量<15×10⁴ m³/d）;水源地承压水在应急开采条件下,激发了长江侧渗补给量,袭夺量占水源地开采总量的27.82%.同时,通过模型模拟数据对傍河水源地地下水与地表水转换规律进行了初步探讨.     

防震减灾行政法律关系问题探讨

运用行政法学基本原理,结合防震减灾法律、法规和工作实际,分析探讨了防震减灾行政法律关系中的主体、客体等问题。     

Engineering characteristics and environmental impacts of the expansive Ankara Clay,and swelling maps for SW and central parts of the Ankara (Turkey) metropolitan area

Volume-changing clay soils constitute the most costly natural hazard to buildings on shallow foundations. With the existing expansive clays in Ankara, low-rise buildings at the southwest part of the city have shown damage resulting in considerable maintenance costs. This paper reports the findings of an experimental investigation emphasizing the swelling behavior of Ankara Clay and correlations between the swelling parameters and other soil properties, and present a synthesis of observed damage details. The poor performance of the affected light-weight structures is assessed in the light of environmental conditions. In addition, swelling maps for SW and central parts of the Ankara metropolitan area, based on measured and predicted swelling parameters, are constructed for the purposes of land-use planning and general assessment of environmental problems. The experimental results suggest that the clay has high-to-very high activity, depth of active zone generally ranges between 1–2 m, the use of remolded and desiccated specimens seems to be a better approach in swelling tests, and the empirical equations based on two or more index or physical properties are good predictors for the estimation of the swelling potential of the clay. High swelling pressures exerted by the soil, flat topography and poor drainage, climatic conditions and poor construction methods are the main reasons of the structural damage observed at the study site.     

不同来源区洪水对黄河下游流量-含沙量关系的影响

根据1950-1960年及1974-1985年实测洪峰水沙资料,分析了不同来源区洪水对黄河下游花园口、高村、艾山、利津水文站流量 含沙量关系的影响,以河口镇至龙门区间、马莲河和北洛河总来水量占三门峡、黑石关、小董总水量的20%或25%以上作为中游粗沙来源区洪水,以河口镇至龙门区间、马莲河和北洛河总来水量占三门峡、黑石关、小董总水量的20%或25%以下作为细沙来源区或少沙区洪水。这样,黄河下游花园口、高村、艾山、利津水文站平均流量 平均含沙量关系可分为以增加平均含沙量为主和以增加平均流量为主的两个区。同时,河口镇至龙门区间、马莲河和北洛河的洪水,大大增加了黄河下游平均来沙系数和平均含沙量,并导致全下游河段的必然淤积。     

论城乡互动:解决"三农"问题的机制与对策

“三农”问题是关系到新世纪、新阶段改革开放和现代化建设全局的大问题。也是关系到社会稳定的大问题。但解决“三农”问题必须跳出过去基于农村本身就“三农”论“三农”的研究思路,因为农村区域自身没有条件和能力来解决“三农”问题。从城乡互动视角来研究“三农”问题尤为重要,城乡互动是解决“三农”问题的有效途径,重点分析了城乡良性互动的机制和模式,最后提出了促进城乡良性互动的措施。     

浙江临安石室寺NYF型伟晶岩中稀有稀土金属的矿物学行为与成矿过程

浙江临安石室寺伟晶岩位于河桥岩体西北面，属于典型的Nb-Y-F （NYF） 型伟晶岩，富含大量稀有稀土矿物。本文在野外考察和显微镜观察的基础上，结合电子探针背散射电子图像观察与矿物化学成分分析，系统鉴定了石室寺NYF 型伟晶岩中的稀有稀土矿物，揭示了稀有稀土元素的富集、迁移、结晶与成矿过程。研究结果表明：（1） 石室寺伟晶岩中的稀有稀土矿物有铌钽矿物（铌铁矿、铌锰矿、重钽铁矿、细晶石等）、钇矿物（褐钇铌矿、黑稀金矿）、钨矿物（黑钨矿、 白钨矿、铌钨矿物）、铈矿物（独居石、氟铈矿、氟碳铈矿） 和钍矿物等。（2） 铌钨系列矿物的WO3含量在8.30~70.51 wt%之间呈规律变化，可能为铌铁矿与黑钨矿之间形成的一系列多体矿物。（3） 铌铁矿LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 定年结果显示，石室寺伟晶岩的形成年龄为133±2 Ma，与河桥花岗岩具有成因联系。（4） 石室寺NYF 型伟晶岩中稀有稀土元素的成矿过程与其岩浆的结晶演化密切相关：岩浆阶段，锆石、钍石与独居石等矿物最早晶出；岩浆—热液阶段，黑稀金矿、铌铁矿、褐钇铌矿、氟铈矿等稀有稀土矿物逐渐结晶；热液阶段，黑钨矿、铌钨矿物相继形成，同时早期的独居石、氟铈矿受晚期热液交代形成次生铈矿物。     

Gypsum facies transitions in basin-marginal evaporites: middle Miocene (Badenian) of west Ukraine

In the middle Miocene Badenian gypsum basin of the Carpathian Foredeep, west Ukraine, three main zones of gypsum development occur in the peripheral parts of the basin. Zone I consists entirely of stromatolitic gypsum formed in a nearshore zone. Zone II is located more basinward and is characterized by stromatolitic gypsum in the lower part of the section, overlain by a sabre gypsum unit. Zone III occurs in still more basinward areas and is characterized by giant gypsum intergrowths (or secondary nodular gypsum pseudomorphs of these) in the lowermost part, overlain by stromatolitic gypsum, sabre gypsum and then by clastic gypsum units. Correlation between these facies and zones has been achieved using lithological marker beds and surfaces. Of particular importance for correlation is a characteristic marker bed (usually 20–40 cm thick) of cryptocrystalline massive gypsum occurring in zones II and III. The marker was not distinguished in zone I, possibly because this bed is older than the entire gypsum section of that zone. These new results strongly suggest that the deposition of giant gypsum intergrowth facies and stromatolitic gypsum facies was coeval. In some sections of zones I and II, limestone intercalations have been recorded within the upper part of the gypsum sections. Considerable scatter of the δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C values of these limestones indicates variable diagenetic overprints of marine carbonates, but a marine provenance of the limestones is confirmed by microfacies analysis. Some of the limestones are coeval with an intercalation of gypsarenitic, mostly laminated gypsum occurring in the sabre gypsum unit of zones II and III. Badenian gypsum formed in extremely shallow‐water to subaerial environments on broad, very low relief areas of negligible brine depth, which could be affected by rapid transgressions. Stable isotope (δ³⁴S, δ¹⁸O) studies of the gypsum demonstrate that the sulphate was of sea‐water origin or was derived from dissolution of Miocene marine evaporites. Investigations of individual inclusions in the gypsum indicate decreased water salinity when compared with modern marine‐derived, calcium sulphate‐saturated water. Groundwater influences are indicated by high calcium sulphate contents of the brines in the evaporite basin. The chemical composition of Badenian waters was thus a mixture of relic sea water (depleted in NaCl), groundwater (enriched in calcium sulphate) and surface run‐off.     

Patterns of Avian Population Density,Habitat Use,and Flocking Behavior in Urban and Rural Habitats During Winter*

This study examined the use of urban and rural habitats by woodland bird species in winter in the vicinity of Athens, Georgia, USA. Population densities of most species on urban sites were either comparable to or greater than those on rural sites, and most species were flexible in their habitat use patterns. On urban sites, only the golden-crowned kinglet consistently avoided vegetation that had been opened either by felling trees or clearing undergrowth. Nuthatches and chickadees flocked together less often at urban than at rural sites.     

梁启超的人地关系研究及其学术思想

肯定了梁启超在人文地理诸多领域的研究成就，认为他的人地关系学术研究，体现了明析的人地相关思想科学的地理唯物论，以及动态的地理作用观。并对他人的人地关系研究缺陷及其原因进行了分析。指出他的宝贵学术思想遗产对当今人文地理研究有着深刻启迪。