江西省宜春城区地面塌陷特征及防治建议

宜春城区属岗阜低丘地形,分布石炭系-二叠系覆盖型及裸露型碳酸盐岩,占城区面积近70%。浅部岩溶发育,覆盖层厚度一般小于20m,土洞较多,基岩面起伏大,第四系岩性结构复杂,地下水埋藏浅。由于抽采地下水及建筑施工振动等人为因素影响,诱发地面塌陷12处,造成重大经济损失。在城市规划功能布局时应充分考虑地面塌陷的易发程度及场地建设适宜性;应限制诱发塌陷因素的强度,在易发区须严格控制地下水开采,严禁新建开采井;塌陷治理的主要方法有填堵、跨越、灌注、深基础控制抽排水强度、及其它综合治理或避让方法,同时做好灾害的监测预报工作。     

基于SWMM-CCHE2D耦合模型的海绵城市内涝管控效果评价

为了解决暴雨导致的城市内涝,为应急管理提供技术支撑,考虑城市暴雨过程及海绵地表特性,结合城市水文学及水力学原理和芝加哥雨型,建立了SWMM-CCHE2D耦合模型。结合高精度地形数据和降雨、径流实时监测数据,采用SWMM雨洪模型模拟暴雨条件下海绵城市的产流,耦合高精度的二维水动力模型CCHE2D模拟相应的内涝情况。结果表明：暴雨条件下通州海绵区的产汇流具有缓慢下渗和汇流的特性,主要海绵措施的加入对径流削减率会有9.0%~40.6%不同程度的提高,从而减缓内涝,其中,对5年一遇暴雨的效果最显著;在100年一遇暴雨下设计的各种海绵措施中,生物滞留带对径流削减率的提高程度最明显,高达28.4%,透水铺装和绿地也具有较好的效果。     

基于两级模糊数学综合评判法的岩溶塌陷危险性评价——以安顺市中心城市规划区为例

以安顺市中心城市规划区作为研究对象,收集、综合分析研究区有关地质资料,结合实地调查、物探、钻探、监测、高精度遥感解译等成果,选取6个一级评价因子,15个二级评价因子,建立研究区基于两级模糊数学综合评判法的岩溶塌陷危险性评价方法体系。在此基础上,量化各级指标及权重取值,开展研究区岩溶塌陷危险性评价。结果显示,安顺市中心城市规划区内总体岩溶塌陷危险性中区和高区所占比重较大,占研究区总面积的70.35%,危险性高区主要分布于头铺—幺铺一线,占研究区总面积的13.56%。评价结果与岩溶塌陷历史事件相符,具有较高的可信度。     

Re-orientation of the city plan: Strategic planning and design competition in China

Rather than being abandoned along with the demise of the centrally planned economy, city planning as a profession is flourishing in China. New hybrid plans such as strategic development plans (concept plans) have been invented, and the planning procedure has become more flexible. Design competition and planning consultancy are widespread. This paper examines the development of new strategic development plans and design competition. It is argued that city planning has been re-orientated from a technical rationale, i.e. allocating state development projects to the city, to the imperative derived from market-oriented development, i.e. consolidating competitiveness during inter-city competition. The contradiction between market and planning is that while the status of city planning has been raised and its approach is becoming more strategic, the actual functionality of city planning has become more instrumental.     

物元法在苏州市第Ⅱ承压地下水水质评价中的应用

本文在物元分析理论的基础上,将水质量标准、评价指标及其特征值作为物元,并以苏州市第Ⅱ承压地下水为例进行了水质评价。通过建立评价模型,对评价标准及实测数据进行归一化,得到模型的经典域、节域、权系数及关联度,评价结果表明,苏州市大部分第Ⅱ承压地下水水质优良,达到了Ⅰ、Ⅱ类水,未遭受外来物质的污染,评价结果符合实际情况。     

Assessing Natural and Cultural Determinants of Urban Forest Quality in Nanjing (China)

This study assessed underlying natural and cultural determinants of tree health and ways to improve urban forest performance in compact Nanjing city. Two groups of factors were investigated: (1) habitat conditions, including planting site, ground-cover, land cover, and district; and (2) tree traits, including species provenance and seasonality, and tree dimensions. A stratified sampling strategy selected 6351 trees for detailed assessment. The data were analyzed by multivariate logistic regressions. Institutional, park-garden and industrial trees with more open-space sites with vegetated ground-cover performed better than roadside and residential ones. Poor trees in confined residential sites deviated from those in other cities. Park-garden sites did not always nurture meritorious, large and diversified trees. District differentiation in tree performance was related to land cover. Exotic and evergreen species grew better than indigenous and deciduous, offering hints on species-habitat matching. Detailed field and statistical analyses could yield tree-environment information to enhance urban forestry research and management.     

广州市土地资源的保护和可持续利用研究

本文分析了广州市土地利用的结构及其变化趋势，指出土地利用上存在的主要问题和隐患 为采取有效措施，加强对耕地和环境的保护，以保证土地资源的可持续利用。     

包头市工业资源的生态开发利用与持续发展

本文从生态经济和持续发展的观点出发，论述了包头市工业资源的优势与劣势，指出发展的根本出路在于对工业资源的生态开发和持续发展，对工业资源的生态开发和无围绕太 导产业群本进行，文章分别指出农产品加工业，能源工业，材料工业和机械工业的资源生态开发和问题，并提出其共同的指导性措施。     

广州市人口空间分布特征及演变趋势分析

本文分析了广州市人口空间分布现状特征，历史上发展特点和建国后至改革开放前人口发展情况，并对改革开放以来人口空间分布的变化作了动态分析，发现改革开放以前广州市中心区和郊区人口密度都在增加，但市中心区增加较快，而改革开放以来在广州市总人口较速增长的情况下，内部人口变动日趋明显，中心区人口密度在减少，外围区人口密度在增加，认为广州市的人口分布正从年龄阶段转向成熟阶段。     

城区土地定级实践研究——以唐河县为例

以GIS为基础,利用“土地定级估价信息系统”,对城区土地定级的有关理论与方法及唐河县土地具体的分等定级等有关问题进行了研究。