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991.
《大气科学进展》2017,34(7):805-815
Ultraviolet(UV) radiation has significant effects on ecosystems, environments, and human health, as well as atmospheric processes and climate change. Two ultraviolet radiation datasets are described in this paper. One contains hourly observations of UV radiation measured at 40 Chinese Ecosystem Research Network stations from 2005 to 2015. CUV3 broadband radiometers were used to observe the UV radiation, with an accuracy of 5%, which meets the World Meteorology Organization's measurement standards. The extremum method was used to control the quality of the measured datasets. The other dataset contains daily cumulative UV radiation estimates that were calculated using an all-sky estimation model combined with a hybrid model. The reconstructed daily UV radiation data span from 1961 to 2014. The mean absolute bias error and root-mean-square error are smaller than 30% at most stations, and most of the mean bias error values are negative, which indicates underestimation of the UV radiation intensity. These datasets can improve our basic knowledge of the spatial and temporal variations in UV radiation. Additionally, these datasets can be used in studies of potential ozone formation and atmospheric oxidation, as well as simulations of ecological processes. 相似文献
992.
993.
中国大陆构造环境监测网络由260个连续全球定位系统观测站点和2 000个不定期全球定位系统观测站点构成,一般采用GAMIT或Bernese高精度数据处理软件进行处理。由于GAMIT及Bernese软件对测站数处理能力的限制,必须对陆态网连续运行基准站进行分区解算。针对这一问题,为研究不同分区方案对陆态网解算精度的影响,该文基于全国55个陆态网络连续运行基准站数据,采用整网解算方案以及间距分区法和区域子网划分法分别进行解算,并以整网解算结果作为标准值,对比两种分区方案与整网解算方案的基线长度差及坐标差。结果表明,间距分区方案解算精度比区域子网划分方案精度高,可实现对陆态网分区的高精度解算。最后利用间距分区法对全国240个陆态网络连续运行基准站进行分区解算,得到了较高精度的解算结果。 相似文献
994.
995.
Sensitive Ocean Bottom Implanted Tiltmeters (OBITs) with a sophisticated data retrieval system have been developed in order to observe directly the subduction of oceanic lithosphere. The OBIT is the first long-term geophysical instrument which was designed to be deployed by a manned deep-sea submersible. When the OBIT is put on oceanic lithosphere which is bending and is about to subduct under a deep sea trench, the OBIT records the subduction by observing the tilt of the surface of the lithosphere. The OBIT system has a sensitivity of 10-8 radian, which is enough to detect the ongoing subduction in months or years. The OBIT may give an answer to the question whether there are fluctuations in the subduction rate.Two OBITs were successfully deployed on a seaward slope of the Kuril Trench by the newly built French deep submersible, Nautile. The OBITs were installed on the northwest shoulder of Erimo seamount, at a depth of 3930 m, in the Kuril Trench. In order to attain stable long-term observations of crustal deformations, the sensing unit was cemented onto bare rock by mortar. We have not yet had an opportunity to recover the data.The life of the instruments is expected to be more than five years. An acoustic data transmission system has been developed for the OBIT data recovery. The stored data can be retrieved at any moment during the observation period, with no need to retrieve the instruments nor to interrupt the observation, by use of the acoustic system. The acoustic system has a high data transmission rate as well as extremely low power consumption. This will be the first long-term crustal deformation measurement on the sea floor. 相似文献
996.
ARGO全球海洋观测网与我国海洋监测技术的发展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文主要介绍了最近国际上继“热带海洋大气观测网”(后),正在建立的又一个更大规模的全球海洋观测网,即“地转海洋学实时观测阵(ARGO)”的建设及进展情况。并浅析了该网对我国大气、海洋科学研究的科学意义,以及我国加入该观测网建设的重要性和必要性。 相似文献
997.
998.
Northern and southern latitudinal transects were conducted west of Tsugaru Strait to estimate the volume transport in this
area. It was found that the Tsushima Warm Current is the northward volume transport across the southern transect and the Northward
Current is the northward volume transport across the northern transect. The current in Tsugaru Strait,viz. the Tsugaru Warm Current, is the flow remaining when the Northward Current is subtracted from the Tsushima Warm Current.
Both CTD transects covered from near-shore to west of the subarctic front, and observed depths were from the surface to the
bottom or to 1000-1500 m depth. Our estimations indicate that large interannual variations of volume transport occur, relative
to the seasonal ones, with interannual variations sometimes exceeding seasonal variations in the Tsushima Warm Current and
the Northward Current. The Tsugaru Warm Current has near-steady transport. Fluctuations in the Tsushima Warm Current are thus
transmitted to the Northward Current. Further, our results revealed seasonal variations in the flow: the baloclinic structure
became deeper in April and the current axis tended to shift in a near-shore direction in October. Therefore, previous studies,
which had shallow reference levels and lacked nearshore stations, may have underestimated the transport and excessive seasonal
variations. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Concentrations of nutrients (NO3, NO2, Si(OH)4, PO4 and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were measured in a series of seawater samples collected over approximately 15 months
in 2005 and 2006 by an automatic water sampler (Remote Access Sampler, RAS) in the Northwestern North Pacific. Seasonal variability
and concentrations of NO3 + NO2 (NOx and Si(OH)4 were comparable to previous shipboard observations, although there were small errors associated with measurements of PO4 and DIC. Concentrations of these nutrients began to decrease in late April. After the end of June, NOx and Si(OH)4 decreased rapidly, with large fluctuations. After October, these nutrients increased again until late spring 2006. The ratio
of the decrease of Si(OH)4 to that of NOx suggests that numbers of biogenic opal-producing creatures, such as diatoms, increased after the end of June. This conclusion
was supported by a rapid increase in biogenic opal flux recorded in a sediment trap at 150 m. The relationship between NOx concentrations at the RAS depth of 35 m and NOx integrated over the upper 100 m was determined using previous shipboard hydrocast data. This relationship was used to estimate
integrated mixed layer NOx concentration from RAS data. Estimated new production based on seasonal drawdown of integrated NOx averaged approximately 156 mg-C m−2day−1 annually, which agrees with previous estimates. Thus, an automatic seawater sampler that documents annual maximum and minimum
nutrient concentrations and episodic events such as storms and spring blooms, which might be missed by an ordinary research
vessel, will contribute to time-series observations of nutrients and, by extension, biological pump activity. 相似文献