Their grass is greener but ours is sweeter – Thoroughbred breeding and water management in the Upper Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia

The Upper Hunter region of New South Wales (NSW) around Scone is reputed to be the second most significant thoroughbred breeding region in the world after the Bluegrass region of Kentucky. This article identifies the importance and cultural constructions of grass, and hence water, in the thoroughbred breeding industry in this region. Thoroughbred stud managers attempt to produce environments attractive to potential horse purchasers and owners with mares to be mated. These environments are constructed from perceptions of how a thoroughbred stud should appear, and from the physical conditions of specific locations. One perception is that the grass should be green. There are differing opinions in the thoroughbred breeding industry about the nutritional value of irrigated grasses, the role of these grasses in horse development and the associated access to, cost of and efficacy of water used for this purpose. The paper concludes that effective water management in this industry is only possible if various cultures of nature are understood, where necessary challenged, and subsequently included in policy and planning.     

In Situ Determination of the Effect of Drilling Noise and Vibration on Growth of Grass Carp, Myloparyngodon Piceus

The study is carried out on the effect of drilling noise and vibration on growth of grass carp, Myloparyngodon Piceus, by using cut-fin marking method in situ. Compared with other methods, the method is more appropriate, for its operation is simpler and more data may be obtained under the same condition. The results show that drilling noise and vibration have significant effect on the growth of grass carp. Critical equivalent noise and vibration grade ( Nleq and Vleq) are about 84.4 dB and 90.2 dB, and the affecting radius is about 8.5 m. The effect of drilling noise and vibration could be influenced by some factors,such as duration of pollution and body weight of grass carp, etc. Grass carp‘s growth could rapidly recover after removing drilling noise and vibration, indicating that the drilling noise and vibration do not damage the fish organs and the effect is reversible. Therefore. the effect mechanism may be due to the activating response of non-hearing system.     

草鱼呼肠孤病毒vp5基因诱饵重组载体的构建、转化与自激活作用检测

根据草鱼呼肠孤病毒(Grass Carp Reovirus,GCRV)的vp5基因设计特异性引物,并扩增其开放阅读框序列(open reading frame,ORF),然后连接至pGBKT7载体上构建酵母双杂交诱饵载体pGBKT7-vp5,转化至酵母菌Y2HGold,并进行PCR鉴定以及自激活性和毒性检测。PCR、酶切以及测序表明,pGBKT7-vp5重组诱饵载体构建成功。自激活性和毒性检测显示,阳性重组菌株pGBKT7-vp5/Y2HGold和阴性对照菌株pGBKT7/Y2HGold在SD/-Trp平板上出现大小相一致的乳白色菌落,且在SD/-Trp/X-α-Gel、SD/-Trp/AbA+/X-α-Gel平板上生长出蓝色菌落,而在SD/-Trp/-Ade/-His无菌落出现。表明重组菌株pGBKT7-vp5/Y2HGold表达的融合蛋白激活了报告基因AUR1-C和MEL1,没有激活报告基因ADE2和HIS3并且对宿主菌无毒性。该重组诱饵载体可用于酵母双杂交系统进一步筛选cDNA文库中与其相互作用的蛋白。     

草鱼出血病病毒的研究进展

根据８０－９０年代中国关于草鱼出血病病毒研究的进展,就草鱼出血病病毒的发现、形态结构特征、理论特性、基因组结构及其所编码的多肽、基因组的转录和翻译过程,病毒的繁殖动态、体外细胞培养特性,病毒对鱼体的致病机理和宿主范围,草鱼出血病的诊断和防治等问题进行综合评述,总结概括了草鱼出血病病毒的研究现状以及研究中需要亟待解决的问题,并提出该领域以后的重点研究方向。     

临汾市草面温度变化特征及影响因子分析

利用临汾市2007年-2011年2月的草面温度和相应的地面温度、气温、总低云量、降水、日照、风速等资料,采用数理统计、相关分析、一元线性回归分析等方法,对草面温度的日、月、季、年变化特征及其与各气象要素的关系进行分析。结果表明：①草面温度呈逐年上升趋势。月平均草面温度的最高值出现在7月,最低值出现在1月,年较差为33．7℃。②草面温度日变化呈现“降一升一降”的变化趋势。日平均草面温度最高值在春、夏、秋三季一般出现在13时,在冬季出现在14时,最低值在春秋季一般出现在6时,夏季出现在5时,冬季出现在7时。③草面温度与气温、地温均呈现明显的线性正相关。草面温度高于气温,草面温度的极端值振幅比气温的偏大;地面温度高于草面温度。④引起草面温度变化的气象因素较多,主要是低云量和总云量,其次是降水、日照和风速。     

Regulation of vegetation pattern on the hydrodynamic processes of erosion on hillslope in Loess Plateau,China

As vegetation are closely related to soil erosion, hydrodynamic parameter changes under various vegetation pattern conditions can be used as an important basis for the research of the soil erosion mechanism. Through upstream water inflow experiments conducted on a loess hillslope, how the vegetation pattern influences the hydrodynamic processes of sediment transport was analyzed. The results show that the placement of a grass strip on the lower upslope can effectively reduce runoff erosion by 69...     

草鱼外周血淋巴细胞体外转化诸因素的研究

于１９９３年３月－１９９３年１１月，采自＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ同位素掺入法，分别测定草鱼外周血中淋巴细胞在经两种特异有丝分裂植物凝集素（ＰＨＡ）与金黄色葡萄球菌蛋白Ａ（ＳＰＡ）刺激后发生的Ｔ淋巴细胞与Ｂ淋巴细胞应答转化的平均刺激指数（ＳＩ）的值，经不同浓度的ＰＨＡ与ＳＰＡ刺激的Ｔ，Ｂ淋巴细胞转化实验表明，两种有丝分裂原促Ｔ，Ｂ淋巴细胞应答转化的最适剂量，ＰＨＡ为５００μｇ／ｍｌ，ＳＰＡ为０．０５％，用不同     

毛乌素沙地草场荒漠化评价的指标体系

毛乌素沙地草场荒漠化的主要原因是开垦、过度放牧、樵柴和挖药材等,沙地草场荒漠化过程分为4个阶段,即轻度退化、中度退化、严重退化和极严重退化。应用植物被分类、排序和梯度分析等技术研究了沙地草场荒漠化过程。轻度退化阶段以臭柏、麻黄等中旱生灌木为主;中度退化以油蒿、柠条等为主;严重退化以籽蒿、羊柴等为主;极严重退化以沙米、牛心朴子等为主。随着退化的发展,地表覆沙厚度逐渐增大,土壤中各种营养成分大幅度下降,土壤机械组成粗化,由沙壤土向沙土发展,沿退化梯度群落种多样性呈现单峰曲线变化。在此基础上提出沙地草场在群落水平上的荒漠化评价指标体系。