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91.
Estimating concentrations or flow rates along a stream network requires specific models. Two classes of models, recently proposed in the literature, are generalized, to the intrinsic case in particular. We present a global construction by ‘streams’, i.e. on the whole set of paths between sources and outlet. Combining stationary or intrinsic one-dimensional random functions leads to stationary or intrinsic models on segments, with discontinuities at the forks. A construction from outlet to sources, leads to stationary or intrinsic models on each stream, without any discontinuity at the forks. The linear variogram is found as a particular case. The extension to the linear model of coregionalization is immediate, allowing a multivariate modelling of concentrations. To cite this article: C. de Fouquet, C. Bernard-Michel, C. R. Geoscience 338 (2006). 相似文献
92.
Analysis of monthly mean river temperatures, recorded on an hourly basis in the middle reaches of the Loire since 1976, allows reconstruction by multiple linear regression of the annual, spring and summer water temperatures from equivalent information on air temperatures and river discharge. Since 1881, the average annual and summer temperatures of the Loire have risen by approximately 0.8?°C, this increase accelerating since the late 1980s due to the rise in air temperature and also to lower discharge rates. In addition, the thermal regime in the Orleans to Blois reach is considerably affected by the inflow of groundwater from the Calcaires de Beauce aquifer, as shown by the summer energy balance. To cite this article: F. Moatar, J. Gailhard, C. R. Geoscience 338 (2006). 相似文献
93.
Manuel Hernández Fernández 《Quaternary Research》2006,65(2):308-323
This paper presents a quantitative reconstruction of the European late Pleistocene paleoclimate based on 72 rodent assemblages of five sequences from France, Germany and Bulgaria, covering the last interglacial-glacial cycle. They show a pattern of severe changes in temperature, with reduced precipitation during the coldest periods. A tentative correlation between the isotopic and palynological records and the paleotemperature changes is shown. These changes are consistent with variations in atmospheric circulation patterns in response to an expanding-retracting Fennoscandian ice-sheet. They can be attributed to the enhancement-weakening of the Scandinavian-Polar anticyclone and its associated dry winds, the south-north shifting of the North Atlantic Polar Front, and the varying supply of moist air from the Atlantic. Qualitative paleoenvironmental analysis shows broadleaved-deciduous forests in France and Bulgaria during most of the studied period. Taiga and tundra appeared in eastern France during the lower Würm. The German sequence indicates the presence of coniferous forests. These results are broadly consistent with other paleobiological records (mammalian, avian and insect faunas, isotopic record in dental tissue, palynology). The main discrepancies with the paleoclimate inferred from the palynological record are found during the coldest periods and are probably due to the interaction between vegetation, climate, and atmospheric CO2 levels. 相似文献
94.
95.
The hydrogeological effectiveness of fracture sets is determined and evaluated by the fuzzy c-mean and hierarchical clustering.
These cluster analyses combine the geological spatial attributes and the hydraulic relevant attributes of fractures. Based
on the results of the clustering the fracture set volumes are estimated. 相似文献
96.
The authors identify and describe the following global forces of nature driving the Earth’s climate: (1) solar radiation as a dominant external energy supplier to the Earth, (2) outgassing as a major supplier of gases to the World Ocean and the atmosphere, and, possibly, (3) microbial activities generating and consuming atmospheric gases at the interface of lithosphere and atmosphere. The writers provide quantitative estimates of the scope and extent of their corresponding effects on the Earth’s climate. Quantitative comparison of the scope and extent of the forces of nature and anthropogenic influences on the Earth’s climate is especially important at the time of broad-scale public debates on current global warming. The writers show that the human-induced climatic changes are negligible. 相似文献
97.
概述了深空测控网的基本技术要求,总结了我国卫星测控网和国内现有射电观测设施的技术、组成和分布,分析和论述了将我国现有的测控设施建设成深空测控网的具体方案。 相似文献
98.
“国际地层表”与GSSP 总被引:11,自引:2,他引:11
近年来,“国际地层表”不断被国际地层委员会更新,用GSSP来定义年代地层单位而建立起来的“国际地层表”,使得大家在叙述地质历史时有一种共同的语言、有一个全球性的标准。在显生宇的96个阶(统)中已有4 6个阶(统)确立了GGSP,其余的有望在2 0 0 8年全部确立。我国已取得了4枚金钉子,即将取得3枚,还有可能再获得4—6枚。根据区域特点,我国已编制了“中国区域年代地层(地质年代)表”并正在开展区域性建阶工作 相似文献
99.
层次化网络SCADA通讯模型及其应用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
陈志文 《物探化探计算技术》2005,27(4):354-357
为在大型网络分布式SCADA(Super Control and Data Acquisition)应用系统中解决诸如电力、通信、石油、化工、制造业等行业或领域,在过程、流程、状态方面的数据监视、数据控制、数据采集与数据管理的高效、实时问题,解决各级子系统之间人工逐级汇接的问题,提高应用系统的稳定性、可维护性,这里提出了一种层次化网络SCADA通讯模型。该模型是通过在层次化网络SCADA模型中,引入基于TCP/IP协议的客户机/服务器查询方式数据通讯技术和点对点主动数据传递技术而建立的。根据该模型所设计的产品,经过生产实践证明,应用该模型可以较方便地构造分布在不同区域计算机上的SCADA系统,进行高效的实时通信。该模型为具有多层结构的大型分布式网络化集中SCADA系统的设计、开发,探索出了一条十分有效的新路径。 相似文献
100.