我国生态文明评价指标体系综述

在推进生态文明建设的背景下,构建生态文明评价指标体系对生态文明发展状况进行监测和预警,为生态文明建设提供决策支持,具有十分重要的意义.本文根据生态文明的本质内涵,回顾了可持续发展概念自提出以来生态文明评价指标体系的发展历程,对我国生态文明建设相关的评价指标体系进行归纳和总结;重点以政府管理实践中的生态文明评价指标体系为例,分析了我国生态文明评价指标体系的特征与存在的问题.     

一种WiFi无线接入点位置估计新算法

目的 针对无线接入点的位置估计问题,利用基于接收信号强度的测距技术,提出一种无需已知测距模型参数的无线接入点位置估计算法。该算法首先通过距离间的比例关系消去和无线接入点发射功率相关的测距模型参数;然后根据最小二乘原理来搜索最佳路径损耗指数,再确定无线接入点的位置。仿真结果表明,该算法能够改善现有无线接入点位置估计算法存在的不足,提升位置估计的精度。     

三维地形可视化中不同图元渲染效率比较分析

大规模地形场景一般由几百万甚至更多的顶点构成,地形瓦片的图元组织与绘制效率直接决定了地形渲染的速度和质量。为明确Triangles,Triangle Strip,Triangle Fan和优化的Triangle Strip图元渲染效率,选取常用的11种大小瓦片样本进行对比试验。从初始化时间、索引缓存大小和实时绘制时间3个方面评估图元效率。结果表明：在地形瓦片小于256时,Triangles和优化的Triangle Strip具备较高的渲染效率,Triangles会占用较大的索引缓存;在地形瓦片超过256时,优化后的Triangle Strip图元具有最高绘制效率,并且占用最小的索引缓存。     

DZJ2激光垂准仪使用方法及指标的校正

介绍了DZJ2激光垂准仪的性能及基本指标的校正方法,为用户在使用DZJ2激光垂准仪过程中几种基本指标参数的校正提供参考.     

复杂地貌形态多比例尺表达的二维小波分析研究

针对复杂地貌形态的多比例尺表达中的等高线容易相交、地性特征描述困难和表达过程缺乏自适应等难题，提出了基于小波理论的复杂地貌形态的多比例尺表达模型，为上述问题的解决提供了新的思路和有效途径。     

Development of a 3-D urbanization index using digital terrain models for surface urban heat island effects

This study assesses surface urban heat island (SUHI) effects during heat waves in subtropical areas. Two cities in northern Taiwan, Taipei metropolis and its adjacent medium-sized city, Yilan, were selected for this empirical study. Daytime and night time surface temperature and SUHI intensity of both cities in five heat wave cases were obtained from MODIS Land-Surface Temperature (LST) and compared. In order to assess SUHI in finer spatial scale, an innovated three-dimensional Urbanization Index (3DUI) with a 5-m spatial resolution was developed to quantify urbanization from a 3-D perspective using Digital Terrain Models (DTMs). The correlation between 3DUI and surface temperatures were also assessed. The results obtained showed that the highest SUHI intensity in daytime was 10.2 °C in Taipei and 7.5 °C in Yilan. The SUHI intensity was also higher than that in non-heat-wave days (about 5 °C) in Taipei. The difference in SUHI intensity of both cities could be as small as only 1.0 °C, suggesting that SUHI intensity was enhanced in both large and medium-sized cities during heat waves. Moreover, the surface temperatures of rural areas in Taipei and Yilan were elevated in the intense heat wave cases, suggesting that the SUHI may reach a plateau when the heat waves get stronger and last longer. In addition, the correlation coefficient between 3DUI and surface temperature was greater than 0.6. The innovative 3DUI can be employed to assess the spatial variation of temperatures and SUHI intensity in much finer spatial resolutions than measurements obtained from remote sensing and weather stations. In summary, the empirical results demonstrated intensified SUHI in large and medium-sized cities in subtropical areas during heat waves which could result in heat stress risks of residents. The innovative 3DUI can be employed to identify vulnerable areas in fine spatial resolutions for formulation of heat wave adaptation strategies.     

Surface description for urban climate studies: A gis based methodology

In order to understand the nature of the urban climate, predict the effects of urbanization, or attempt to ameliorate some of the negative hydroclimatic effects of urbanization, it is necessary to have a good understanding of the role and significance of the urban surface. This paper presents a methodology which uses GIS to represent the characteristics and morphology of the urban surface, which can be used to describe a site objectively, model fluxes, or ensure spatial consistency between measured and modelled data, all of which can vary through time. The methodology is illustrated with respect to Chicago, Illinois. Surface data collected at three spatial scales were used to construct a georeferenced database which was linked to an objective, dynamic accessing system. Spatial variability of surface cover, derived hydroclimatic attributes, and modelled fluxes associated with changes in the urban environment are used to illustrate potential applications of the approach.     

A global inventory of coral reef stressors based on satellite observed nighttime lights

In this article, we present a satellite-based approach to gather information about the threat to coral reefs worldwide. Three chosen reef stressors – development, gas flaring and heavily lit fishing boat activity – are analysed using nighttime lights data derived from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) produced at the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, National Geophysical Data Center (NOAA/NGDC). Nighttime lights represent a direct threat to coral reef ecosystems and are an excellent proxy measure for associated human-caused stressors. A lights proximity index (LPI) is calculated, measuring the distance of coral reef sites to each of the stressors and incorporating the stressor's intensity. Colourized maps visualize the results on a global scale. Area rankings clarify the effects of artificial night lighting on coral reefs on a regional scale. The results should be very useful for reef managers and for state administrations to implement coral reef conservation projects and for the scientific world to conduct further research.     

Cartographically Wordy but not Necessarily Worthy

Abstract

A novel method called multidirectional visibility index (MVI) has been developed and verified. The MVI improves standard cartographic analytical shading with a number of enhancements to topographic detail and prominent structures, i.e. the portrayal of flat areas in lighter tones, the accentuation of morphologic edges, and the multiscale visualisation of morphologic terrain features. The procedure requires a digital elevation model (DEM) and involves the following steps: visibility mask computation; the respective multidirectional altering of the azimuth and elevation angle; the generation of continuous grid MVIs that indicate upper/lower views, quasi-slope, and relative relief; and an appropriate visualisation of the relevant MVI as a standalone technique or in combination with standard hill-shaded relief. The modelling parameters are robust and therefore highly adaptive to different landforms.     

智慧城市时空信息云平台评价指标体系研究

为明确评估在开展智慧城市时空信息云平台建设过程中城市相关智能化能力的保障水平及建设带来的实际成效,以及为开展智慧城市建设工作提供依据,本文依据《国家智慧城市评价指标体系》及其对部门评价指标建立的要求,研究并提出了智慧城市时空信息云平台建设评价指标体系的总体框架和评价要素,在试点城市进行了评分试验;并根据试验结果进行了指标的修订和完善,以引导和推动城市有目的、有计划、有步骤地开展智慧城市时空信息云平台建设。