华北克拉通北缘喀喇沁变质核杂岩早白垩世构造演化过程与形成模式

对于喀喇沁变质核杂岩早白垩世构造过程与形成模式长期以来存在着不同的认识。通过详细的野外构造观察及擦痕应力场反演,并结合前人年代学数据,有效地制约了喀喇沁变质核杂岩早白垩世的构造演化,并对其形成模式进行了分析。结果表明,起源于晚侏罗世的喀喇沁变质核杂岩,在早白垩世(141～100 Ma)再次经历了强烈的伸展与岩浆活动。在此伸展活动中,沿着核部杂岩两侧分别发育了NE走向、倾向相反的楼子店-八里罕和上店-东风大型正断层,进而控制两侧半地堑式的小牛与平庄盆地的发育。在这两条边界断层的伸展运动及随后的均衡隆升中,核部杂岩不断抬升与剥露,先后发育了NE-NNE向的伸展韧性变形带与脆性正断层。这些早白垩世韧性和脆性伸展构造一致指示拉张方向为NW-SE向。综合分析表明,区内早白垩世伸展活动经历了141～134 Ma的初始伸展与同构造岩体侵位阶段、133～126 Ma的边界断层强烈活动与核部快速抬升阶段以及125～100Ma的均衡隆升阶段。喀喇沁变质核杂岩在早白垩世的伸展活动中转变为地垒式伸展穹窿,其强烈伸展活动出现在华北克拉通破坏峰期,动力学背景是古太平洋板块俯冲导致的远场弧后拉张。     

粤东南燕山期热隆伸展及其古水热系统——以恩平-新丰拆离断层为例

粤东南地区广泛发育燕山期NE-SW走向的拆离断层系统。文章对恩平-新丰拆离断层进行了野外地质调查和室内测试分析,重点研究了拆离断层之下韧性剪切带中的糜棱岩和拆离断层上盘与高角度脆性正断层伴生的硅化岩。初步认为,研究区热隆伸展构造于燕山早期开始形成,糜棱岩的变形温度在350℃左右,硅化岩内石英中气液包裹体的均一温度在155℃~326℃,盐度在2.74%~21.61% NaCl_eqv,平均盐度为11.17% NaCl_eqv,古热液流体沸腾时的温度在235℃~241℃,激光拉曼光谱分析结果表明,含硅热液的成分为富含Si、CO₂的NaCl-H₂O溶液。硅化岩流体包裹体的H-O稳定同位素组成表明古水热流体为岩浆水与大气降水混合作用的产物。沿着正断层分布的硅化岩可能是燕山期古水热型地热能的重要标志。燕山期热隆伸展构造系统及其深层与浅层相结合的古水热系统对认识现代地热能的类型、成因及其分布规律有一定的意义。     

黑龙江省毛家屯花岗岩中碱性暗色矿物特征及其地质意义

碱性暗色矿物作为具有特殊指示意义的矿物,其存在对岩浆演化过程具有重要的意义。毛家屯花岗岩体位于兴蒙造山带东部的小兴安岭—张广才岭南段,岩体内部发育碱性暗色矿物。以毛家屯岩体内部发育的碱性暗色矿物为研究对象,进行了矿物学和矿物化学电子探针分析。研究表明,碱性角闪石的类型为铁-镁铝钠闪石,具有富碱,尤其富钠、富硅、富铁、贫钙、镁、钛等特征。辉石的类型为霓辉石,化学特征上高硅-高钠,高铁,低钛、镁、铝、锰。碱性暗色矿物主岩为碱性岩,成因类型为铝质A型花岗岩类。毛家屯花岗岩碱性角闪石具有很低的M值,证明其来源于地壳物质的熔融。毛家屯花岗岩中碱性角闪石的特征指示,在结晶过程中,岩浆体系处于封闭还原条件,且岩体从中央到边部存在偏酸性和偏基性组分分带现象。结合前人的同位素和年代学方面的分析资料,认为毛家屯碱性花岗岩形成于造山后期伸展转换环境中。     

Changes of Late Mesozoic Tectonic Regimes around the Ordos Basin (North China) and their Geodynamic Implications

A synthesis is given in this paper on late Mesozoic deformation pattern in the zones around the Ordos Basin based on lithostratigraphic and structural analyses. A relative chronology of the late Mesozoic tectonic stress evolution was established from the field analyses of fault kinematics and constrained by stratigraphic contact relationships. The results show alternation of tectonic compressional and extensional regimes. The Ordos Basin and its surroundings were in weak N-S to NNE-SSW extension during the Early to Middle Jurassic, which reactivated E-W-trending basement fractures. The tectonic regime changed to a multi-directional compressional one during the Late Jurassic, which resulted in crustal shortening deformation along the marginal zones of the Ordos Basin. Then it changed to an extensional one during the Early Cretaceous, which rifted the western, northwestern and southeastern margins of the Ordos Basin. A NW-SE compression occurred during the Late Cretaceous and caused the termination of sedimentation and uplift of the Ordos Basin. This phased evolution of the late Mesozoic tectonic stress regimes and associated deformation pattern around the Ordos Basin best records the changes in regional geodynamic settings in East Asia, from the Early to Middle Jurassic post-orogenic extension following the Triassic collision between the North and South China Blocks, to the Late Jurassic multi-directional compressions produced by synchronous convergence of the three plates (the Siberian Plate to the north, Paleo-Pacific Plate to the east and Lhasa Block to the west) towards the East Asian continent. Early Cretaceous extension might be the response to collapse and lithospheric thinning of the North China Craton.     

U–Pb and Re–Os geochronology and geodynamic setting of the Dabaoshan polymetallic deposit, northern Guangdong Province, South China

The Dabaoshan polymetallic deposit in northern Guangdong Province contains iron, copper, lead, zinc, molybdenum, tungsten and sulfur mineral resources. Porphyry-type Mo(W) and skarn-type Mo-W mineralization occurs along the internal and external contact zones of the granodioritic porphyry, respectively. LA-ICP-MS U–Pb dating of zircons from two granodioritic porphyry samples yielded a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 175.8 ± 1.5 Ma (MSWD = 0.037) and 175.0 ± 1.7 Ma (MSWD = 0.41). They can be pooled together to yield a combined weighted age of 175.4 ± 1.6 Ma (MSWD = 0.26), which is interpreted as the emplacement age of the granodioritic porphyry. Re–Os dating of three molybdenite samples from porphyry and skarn ores yielded consistent model ages of 163.2 ± 2.3 Ma to 165.2 ± 2.4 Ma, with a weighted mean of 163.9 ± 1.3 Ma (MSWD = 0.81), which is the age of Mo–W mineralization. These ages are consistent with the molybdenite Re–Os model age (164.7 ± 3 Ma) measured by Mao et al. (2004a) for the stratiform Cu–Pb–Zn orebody, and they can yield a weighted mean of 164.0 ± 2.5 Ma (MSWD = 0.16). This implies that Mo–W and Cu–Pb–Zn mineralization in the Dabaoshan polymetallic deposit are the products of one mineralization event. The mineralization in the deposit coincides closely with that of Mo-polymetallic mineralization (164–149 Ma) elsewhere in the Nanling region, comprising an important polymetallic metallogenic belt of south China, and corresponds to the second episode of Mesozoic metallogenesis in South China. Combined with previous studies, we suggest that the Dabaoshan polymetallic deposit is related to post-collisional lithosphere extension in the Nanling region of South China. Geological data and Pb isotopic evolution diagrams, together with stable isotopic data of fluid inclusions (δ¹⁸O = − 3.75–7.0‰, δD = − 50.7 to − 56.1‰) and ore sulfides (δ³⁴S = − 2–3‰), suggest a genetic relationship between the Dabaoshan polymetallic deposit, the granodioritic porphyry and the dacitic porphyry. These data, combined with the Re content (64.7 to 102.4 ppm) of molybdenite, indicate that the ore-forming components were derived from mixed crustal and mantle sources.     

武当地块基性岩席群及其地质意义

侵位于武当地块内部的大量的板状为基性侵入体近年来一直被认为是800Ma左右发生的扬子古大陆裂解的重要依据。然而作者在武当地块北缘与西南部所做的1：5万地质填图以及相应的构造学和同位素年代学研究表明，它们与武当地块顺层伸展滑脱构造主滑脱面之顺层韧性一韧性变形带有密切的空间关系，是被褶皱了的岩席群。最新获得的岩体单颗粒锆石U－Pb年龄为401－407Ma，结合已有的地球化学研究成果，并考虑到邻区同时代碱性岩浆的侵位，作者认为，这套基性岩群代表了泥盆纪时南秦岭地区曾发生过大规模的上地幔岩浆的底侵作用，并因此导致南秦岭上部地壳的伸展减薄。     

江淮入梅前后大气环流的演变特征和西太平洋副高北跳西伸的可能机制

该文首先采用合成分析的方法研究了江淮入梅前后大尺度大气环流的演变特征和西太平洋副热带高压西伸北跳的可能机制。研究结果表明, 江淮入梅前期的最显著的特征是:副热带高压首先在太平洋中部增强北跳, 而后向西扩展导致太平洋副高西部脊 (120°E) 的增强北跳。进一步分析表明, 在太平洋中部副热带高压的增强北跳和西伸之前, 副热带高压南侧ITCZ中对流和孟加拉湾北部的对流活动明显并且都经历了一次增强活跃过程, 这意味着热带ITCZ和孟加拉湾北部对流的异常活跃可能对副热带高压的增强北跳西伸产生影响。全球大气环流模式模拟结果表明, 赤道中太平洋ITCZ中对流异常活跃不仅可导致副热带高压的增强北移, 而且还可导致副热带高压西伸, 与诊断分析结果相一致。     

关于岩浆型被动陆缘

在中国阿尔泰山南缘造山带的地质研究工作中发现，在这里存在一套有成生联系的花岗深成岩和火山岩系，它们不是板块汇聚阶段的产物，而是地壳拉张作用阶段的产物，它们形成于被动大陆边缘演化阶段。我们把这种大陆边缘称之为岩浆型波动陆缘，以便与无岩浆活动的大西洋型大陆边缘相区别。     

多电极直流探测系统及其应用效果

本文介绍地质矿产部机电所研制的多电极直流探测系统的主要技术性能,硬件和软件设计特点,数据处理软件的配置以及在不同领域勘探应用实例。     

遥感技术在西藏班戈地区构造研究与找矿预测中的运用

西藏班戈地区的遥感地质调查研究表明:该区发育菱形网结状构造;错那、东错、蓬错、巴木错呈明显的"多字形"斜列,应为统一应力场下形成的伸展断陷盆地,并受到后期右行活动破坏;在东卡错-东错菱形块体中央隆起内发现有较大规模的岩浆岩侵入,推测该隆起区下为一地幔热柱;由北向南出露有东巧蛇绿岩带、东错-蓬错蛇绿岩带、白拉-觉翁蛇绿岩...