文昌B凹陷差异伸展- 走滑机制及控藏作用研究

为查明文昌B凹陷油气富集差异性的原因,基于断裂展布和形成期次、构造样式组合、构造演化和断层活动的差异等标志,建立了差异伸展- 走滑机制,识别出19洼为伸展- 强走滑、14洼为伸展- 中等走滑、30洼为伸展- 弱走滑。差异伸展- 走滑作用控制了优质烃源岩的展布和供烃方向,控制输导体系类型和运移动力,提供物源通道和改造储层,还控制了圈闭类型和力学性质。进一步深化了走滑增压理论,基于先存断裂形态、伸展应力场右旋演化和应变差异,建立了走滑增压圈闭识别方法,识别出S型增压、右行左阶增压、斜交型增压3种走滑增压构造。研究表明,文昌B凹陷的油气富集受伸展- 走滑构造背景、源- 运时空配置关系所控制,强—中等走滑变形、发育优质中深湖源岩的文昌19洼和14洼是油气富集区。该研究成果成功推动了文昌凹陷近期的多个勘探发现。     

基于CityGML的遥感信息共享研究

在参考现有地物分类标准和CityGML要素类型基础上,探讨遥感专题模型的设计方法,分析基于CityGML的几何拓扑、语义属性信息表达机制,并以一小区域数据验证了方法的可行性。     

数字化测绘技术在公路改扩建中的应用

主要对现有公路改扩建中的数字化勘测及数字化设计进行了探讨,首先概述了湖南梅城公路改扩建项目背景,然后对数字摄影测量、GPS-RTK三维路基数据获取以及数字路基模型及与地面模型叠加等方面进行了论述,最后指出了生成1:2000三维数字地形图用于纸上定线和建立数字地面模型,能够达到公路改扩建带状图绘测精度的要求。     

南海成因及其演化模式探讨

尽管南海已进行深入的调查与研究,提出多种成因模型,包括挤出模型、弧后扩张模型、古南海俯冲拖曳模型等,但因其所处构造位置特殊,周边构造环境经历了复杂的改造,所有成因模式均未能得到广泛的认可。本文从三大板块相互作用入手,结合南海实测数据,提出南海形成的弧后扩张—左旋剪切模型。认为南海是古南海往北俯冲的弧后盆地,菲律宾海板块往北漂移形成的大规模左旋走滑是南海扩张的触发因素。印度—欧亚碰撞产生中南半岛挤出主要影响西南海盆扩张方向,使得扩张轴从近东西向转为北东向。南海及邻区晚中生代以来的演化可以分为以下阶段：1）早白垩世开始澳大利亚板块往北漂移,新特提斯洋往北俯冲消亡,导致弧后扩张,形成古南海;2）晚白垩世末—始新世,古南海往北俯冲,导致弧后拉张形成陆缘裂谷;3）早渐新世,受菲律宾海板块西缘大型左旋走滑影响,在原有裂谷的基础上从东往西海底扩张,形成南海;4）渐新世末,受俯冲后撤的影响,扩张中心往南跃迁,同时受西缘断裂左旋活动的影响,扩张轴从近东西西逐步转为北东向;5）早中新世晚期,南沙地块—北巴拉望地块与卡加延脊碰撞,南海扩张停止。     

地幔热导率的选取对动力学数值模拟的影响——以岩石圈张裂过程为例

目前存在有多种地幔热导率模型,不同模型在数值和随温压变化的特征上有明显的差异.为探究不同热导率模型对动力学数值模拟结果的影响,本文对不同模型下的岩石圈张裂过程进行模拟研究,探讨地幔热导率对岩石圈热传输、变形和熔融过程的影响及其作用机理.结果显示,不同热导率模型下,岩石圈的变形和熔融特征表现出明显差异.高热导率模型下,岩石圈破裂较晚,形成陆缘较为宽阔,地壳熔融强烈而地幔熔融较弱;低热导率模型下,岩石圈破裂较早,形成陆缘较为狭窄,地幔熔融强烈而地壳熔融较弱.这种差异源于不同地幔热导率下岩石圈和地幔热状态的变化及相应力学性质的改变.高热导率下,热传导的增温效应显著,岩石圈呈现较热的状态,其强度整体较低,壳幔耦合减弱;而低热导率下,热对流的增温效应显著,岩石圈呈较冷的状态,其强度整体较高,壳幔耦合增强.基于模拟结果,本文认为地幔热导率的选取对动力学模拟的结果有着较为显著的影响,相对于随温压的变化,热导率数值的差异对动力学数值模拟的结果影响更大,尤其是对于地幔熔融过程的影响.     

低纬高原雹云识别物元可拓模型及效果检验

雹云识别是一个多参数的模式识别问题,应用物元可拓思想将单参数雹云识别的不相容性转化为相容性问题。在与成都地区雹云识别的物元可拓模型进行对比后,根据低纬高原地形及气候特点,通过适当增加参数,构造完成低纬高原雹云识别的物元可拓模型,以此进行雹云识别,准确率达86％以上。     

Examining fault architecture and strain distribution using geospatial and geomechanical modelling: An example from the Qaidam basin,NE Tibet

The investigation of complex geological setting is still dominated by traditional geo-data collection and analytical techniques, e.g., stratigraphic logging, dip data measurements, structural ground mapping, seismic interpretation, balance section restoration, forward modelling, etc. Despite the advantages of improving our understanding in structural geometry and fault architecture, the geospatial modelling, applying computer-aided three-dimensional geometric design, visualization and interpretation, has rarely been applied to such complex geological setting. This study used the Lenghu fold-and-thrust belt (in Qaidam basin, NE Tibetan Plateau) to demonstrate that the application of geospatial and geomechanical modelling could improve our understanding and provide an effective technique for investigating the fault architecture and strain distribution. The three-dimensional configuration of the Lenghu fold-and-thrust belt was initially derived from traditional analysis techniques, such as regional stratigraphic logging, cross section construction, meso-scale ground mapping and landsat image interpretation. The high-resolution field data and landsat image were integrated to construct the geospatial model, which was subsequently used to quantitatively investigate the fault throw changes along the Lenghu thrust fault zone and to understand its control on the lateral structural variation. The geospatial model was then restored in three dimensions to reveal the kinematic evolution of the Lenghu fold-and-thrust belt. Geomechanical modelling, using a Mass-Spring algorithm, provided an effective three-dimensional tool for structural strain analysis, which was used to predict the strain distribution throughout the overall structure, e.g., normal faults with throws ranging from meters to tens of meters in the hanging-wall. The strain distribution predicted by geomechanical modelling was then validated by the natural normal faults in the hanging-wall. The high accordance between the strain prediction and statistics of natural normal faults demonstrates good applicability of geospatial and geomechanical modelling in the complex geological setting of the Lenghu fold-and-thrust belt. The geospatial models and geomechanical models, therefore, can provide a robust technique for analyzing and interpreting multi-source data within a three-dimensional environment. We anticipate that the application of three-dimensional geospatial modelling and geomechanical modelling, integrating both multi-source geologic data and three-dimensional analytical techniques, can provide an effective workflow for investigating the fault architecture and strain distribution at different scales (e.g., ranging from regional-to meso-scale).     

一种主动发现网络地理信息服务的主题爬虫

地理信息服务已成为分布式环境下获取地理数据的重要来源,从海量的网络资源中找到地理信息服务,是共享与互操作地理数据的基础。目前,地理信息服务主动搜索主要采用通用搜索引擎的接口或者通用爬虫的抓取方式,但这2种方式存在搜索效率低、搜索结果可用性差等不足。针对这一问题,本文设计了一种搜索地理信息服务的主题爬虫。该算法在最佳优先搜索的基础上进行了改进,综合考虑网页内容的主题相关度和链接文本的主题相关度确定链接优先级,优先爬取与地理信息服务相关的链接,并通过舍弃无关网页中的无关链接,减少无效爬取,进而提高搜索效率。此外,本文采用关键词匹配结合能力文档探测的方式识别地理信息服务,有效筛选出可用的地理信息服务,提高了服务搜索结果的可利用率。最后,本文以OGC WMS为实例,实现爬虫算法的原型系统并进行实验,实验证明该算法有效可行。     

唐山7.8级地震前的震中迁移与远台前兆的关系

以震中迁移始发点的前兆讨论了唐山7.8级地震震中位置的预测,并以此为例分析了汶川8级地震和芦山7级地震的前兆问题。另外,从震中迁移延长线上的前兆来讨论了唐山大震的发生时间。     

The relationship between extension of lower crust and displacement of the shelf break

With deep sea petroleum explorations become more and more popular,some geological phenomena have emerged:extension of lower crust and upper crust is inhomogeneous;shelf break has been moved rapidly after crustal stretching.These geological phenomena are important to the continental margin evolution.To investigate the thinning of the whole crust and the contribution of the upper crust versus the lower crust to the crustal stretching since the Cenozoic,we calculated the stretching factors of the upper and the lower crust based on the 13 seismic lines in the Baiyun Sag from CNOOC.The results indicated that the whole crustal thickness decreases seaward while the whole crustal stretching factor increases from shelf to slope.Our calculations showed that the lower crustal stretching factor is higher than that of the upper crust in the Baiyun Sag.In the Cenozoic,deformation of the Baiyun Sag is controlled mainly by ductile shearing rather than brittle shearing.Based on the numerical modeling,we can conclude the initial crust in the Baiyun Sag is thermally attenuated.The stretching factor(β)of the lower crust increases from the north to the south of the continental margin,indicating two stretching centers:the Baiyun Sag and the Liwan Sag.The geometry of the shelf break and theβisoline trap have the similar trend in 23.8 and 13.8 Ma,both located in the intense deforming zone of the lower crust,and therefore we conclude the stretching and flowing of the lower crust cause the displacement of the shelf break before and after 23.8 Ma.