巢湖形成演变与现代沉积作用

通过地质调查, 钻孔样品分析及历史资料对比, 得出:1.巢湖位于在中新生代形成的巢湖断陷盆地南部, 形成于更新世发育的河谷平原上, 由于全新世受气候及相应海平面变化和长江河道演变等三者共同影响而积水成湖。成湖历史大约2000年左右, 属河成型浅水湖。2.湖底沉积物平均中值粒径5-6ф, 并形成有三角洲沉积, 开阔湖沉积等五种沉积类型, 东、西、中三湖区的沉积物中分別为0.21, 0.37, 0.14cm/a, 全湖年淤积总量为93×l0⁴t/a。3.湖泊污染加重起始于70年代, 磷除来自外源外, 内负荷引起的释放量达220.56t/a, 这对巢湖富营养化亦有着重要的影响。     

基于人机工程学原则的地震公共标志有效性评估与建议

基于标志的人机工程学原则,对GB/T24362—2009中地震公共信息图形标志的有效性进行测试评估,结合理解率、熟悉度、物理相符性、概念相符性的测试数据,评估本标准中的标志符号是否符合国际标准化组织(ISO)评估标准,重点分析该标准中高理解率标志和低理解率标志的影响因素,探讨物理相符性、概念相符性和熟悉度影响标志理解率(P＜0.001)的机制机理。通过对测试数据的研究发现,物理相符性和熟悉度是影响标志理解率的最大因素,进而得出提升标志的有效性首先要提高标志图形的物理相符性、概念相符性和熟悉度的结论。最后结合人机工程学原则对GB/T24362—2009中的部分理解率较低的标志进行分析,提出了具体的改良设计建议。     

Optimization of reinforced soil embankments by genetic algorithm

A Genetic Algorithm (GA) is described, which produces solutions to the cost optimization problem of reinforcement layout for reinforced soil slopes. These solutions incorporate different types of reinforcement within a single slope. The GA described is implemented with the aim of optimizing the cost of materials for the preliminary layout of reinforced soil embankments. The slope design method chosen is the U.K. Department of Transport HA 68/94 ‘Design Methods for the Reinforcement of Highway Slopes by Reinforced Soil and Soil Nailing Techniques’. The results confirm that there is a role for the GA in optimization of reinforced soil design. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地下水位固体潮加卸载响应比分析及预测意义

应用加卸载响应比的理论原理,对广东地下水位网的观测数据进行加卸载响应比计算,以广东及周边地区数次MS4．0级以上地震作为震例,提取可能的中期至短期的响应比异常变化,研究其异常特征以及与地震的对应关系。结果表明,在中强地震前响应比存在增大变化,大多数井的水位固体潮响应比在发震前1～4个月出现升高异常变化。     

分布式地震应急救援态势标绘系统

地震现场救援要素众多,部署分散,为了统一管理救援要素,综合展示救援态势,设计一种基于B/S架构的地震应急救援态势标绘系统,采用Google Maps API v3实现前端Web GIS功能,加载谷歌地图,标绘震情灾情和救援要素信息,通过AJAX方式与服务器端进行数据交互,保存要素信息或者获取服务器端数据,系统设计聊天室功能,登录用户可以在线实时交流。本系统对使用环境要求低,支持多种移动终端,适合地震现场人员使用,实现了分布式要素标绘功能,是地震现场救援行动的有效辅助决策工具。     

STA/LTA—AIC算法对地震P波震相拾取稳定性影响

选取区域地震台网记录的地震波形数据,使用STA/LTA算法与STA/LTA—AIC算法,进行地震P波震相初至到时自动拾取,对地方震及震中距较大的震相进行P波震相拾取效果分析,发现:STA/LTA算法对于地方震P波震相识别精度较高,与STA/LTA—AIC算法拾取的P波震相初至到时相差不大;震中距变大后,STA/LTA算法对P波拾取位置相对于最佳位置向后延迟,STA/LTA—AIC算法有效矫正了STA/LTA算法拾取位置的延迟问题,与人工拾取位置差别可忽略不计。     

安徽省国家强震动台站场地响应及背景噪声分析

利用安徽省部分强震动台站记录的地脉动数据和历史地震数据,采用H/V谱比法和噪声功率谱密度函数法,对比分析台站的场地响应及背景噪声,结果表明：全椒、马鞍山地震台的场地卓越周期小且背景噪声低;沈巷地震台卓越周期大且背景噪声高;三山地震台无明显卓越周期;地震台站背景噪声与场地响应曲线之间不存在一一对应关系。     

A NEW FINDING OF SURFACE RUPTURE ZONES ASSOCIATED WITH THE 1936 LINGSHAN M6(3/4) EARTHQUAKE,GUANGXI, CHINA

On April 1, 1936, an M6(3/4) earthquake occurred on the Fangcheng-lingshan Fault. This event is the biggest historical earthquake on the coastal seismic zone, South China ever. But so far, no any findings about the surface rupture of this event have been reported. This paper is the first to find several intact surface rupture zones associated with the 1936 Lingshan seismic event, in the areas of Gaotang, Jiaogengping etc. on the northeast segment of the Fangcheng-Lingshan Fault. According to the field work, the surface rupture stretches to 10km and distributes along NE direction in front of Luoyang Mountain, represented by earthquake scarp, extensional fracture, dextrally faulted gully and river system etc. The characteristics of surface ruptures and faulted landforms indicate that the surface rupture is of normal-dextral strike slip faulting. The trenching on this fault exposed that at least three seismic events have been recorded, including two historical earthquake events and the latest one is the 1936 Lingshan M6(3/4) earthquake. These surface rupture zones are the key to the detection of seismogenic structure and the re-estimate of magnitude of this event. The new finding of these surface rupture zones would be particularly significant for the detection of the seismogenic structure of Lingshan M6(3/4) earthquake.     

Integrated evaluation of urban groundwater hydrogeochemistry in context of fractal behaviour of groundwater level fluctuations

The present study was carried out as part of a complex survey of urban groundwater quality and quantity in Szeged, southeast Hungary. The concentrations of 12 inorganic contaminants in 28 shallow groundwater monitoring wells were determined over a 2-year period (2010–2012). The evaluation of concentrations indicates remarkable contamination all over the city. Discriminant analysis (DA) was used to evaluate the spatial changes of groundwater quality. The groundwater levels were measured over a 14-year period (2000–2013). The fractal properties of water level fluctuations time series characterizing the groundwater system and Tisza River were investigated using rescaled range (R/S) analysis. The resulting Hurst exponents clearly showed the persistency and thus long memory effects of both the groundwater and the river flow. Comparison of the results of DA with the results of R/S analysis thus implies that the geological conditions and the changing groundwater quantities are not related to groundwater quality.

EDITOR A. Castellarin

ASSOCIATE EDITOR A. Fiori