基于GIS的孔隙含水层系统三维空间离散方法研究

分析了目前孔隙地下水流三维有限差分数值模拟中对含水层系统三维空间离散存在的问题，针对自然界孔隙含水层与隔水层空间分布的不连续性与厚度的不均匀性，研究了基于GIS的孔隙含水层系统三维空间离散实现的技术路线，提出了基于GIS与不规则六面体元的孔隙含水层系统的三维空间离散方法，最大限度地保证了离散体元中含水层类型的单一性，提高了孔隙地下水流模拟模型三维空间离散的精度。     

基于遥感和GIS的中国土地潜力资源的研究

在对中国土地资源综合研究基础上,利用已有研究成果,借助ＧＩＳ工具,利用层次分析法,对中国土地地潜力资源进行了综合分析和评价,在评价基础上,对中国土地资源的耕地潜力、生产潜力、生产潜力总量、人口容量潜力及综合潜力的大小和空间展布特征进行分析。结论为：中国土地资源潜力很力,但时空分布不均,在开发利用中,应因地制宜,采取不同的开发、利用的战略方针,在保护好现有土地资源和合理科学利用的基础上,谨慎开发,以     

对数字化过程中数据精度的一些讨论

目前 ,全国各地已经建立了许多地理信息系统。对于地理信息系统中数据精度能否满足人们的要求 ,人们尚没有引起足够的重视。本文分析了数字化过程中数据精度的变化情况 ,并尝试提出具体的解决办法     

“3S”技术在煤田勘查中的应用

讨论了“３Ｓ”技术用于煤田地质勘探的优越性,分析了“３Ｓ”技术在烟田地质勘查领域的应用现状及存在的问题,并展望了应用前景。     

Medium and short-term channel planform changes on the Rivers Tay and Tummel, Scotland

Channel planform change was analysed using a variety of data-sources for the medium-term (>25 years and <250 years) and short-term (<25 years) on a reach of the Rivers Tay and Tummel, Scotland. Map data were input into a Geographic Information System (GIS) and used to determine planform characteristics and changes in width, braiding index and sinuosity for the study reach between 1755 and 1976. Aerial photographs were utilised to determine the more recent changes that had taken place between 1971 and 1994. The analysis showed that significant changes had occurred over the medium term with a mean reduction in channel width of 34% for this period. These changes are comparable to those found in studies of similar European rivers for this period. Changes determined for the short-term displayed a continuance of this trend at a comparable rate of change. An analysis of flood frequency and magnitude, precipitation and discharge records for both periods does not show an associated decrease and therefore does not reflect the changes in channel planform. Evidence points towards flood embankment construction in the mid-1800s as the initial cause of channel change for the study reach which was later exacerbated by flow regulation. Incision and the subsequent stabilisation of lateral and mid-channel gravel bars by vegetation succession has resulted in an overall increase in the stability of the study reach which has persisted even where the embankments have fallen into disrepair.     

我国地震监测预报研究的主要科学进展

回顾和总结了1966年邢台地震以来我国地震监测预报研究的主要科学进展,并将其归纳为建立了4个方面的基础,即: 地震预测预报的多学科观测基础;获取了一批中强以上乃至大地震资料的震例基础;建立了经验性预测方法和判据的经验预报基础;初步探索了地震孕育发生的地震预报理论基础。文中还阐述了我国20世纪90年代在长期预报、中期预报、短临预报的预报效能。     

格网技术对地理信息系统应用与发展影响的分析

格网技术作为新一代的 Web技术 ,必将深刻影响地理信息系统的发展。格网计算为数据密集型空间分析提供了计算资源支持。数据格网为海量空间数据分布式存储、管理、传输、分析提供了一体化的解决方法。格网技术为 VRGIS实时场景渲染和海量场景数据存储以及 GIS互操作问题的解决提供了一种新的思路。利用格网中的智能体组件动态组装应用软件将对 GIS应用开发方式产生重大影响。通过建立空间信息格网可以实现我国地理信息系统产业跨越式发展。     

虚拟地理环境下的地理空间认知初步探索

地理空间认知是人类获取地理空间知识、认知地理环境的重要方法和手段,虚拟地理环境VGEs（Virtual Geographic Environments）作为继地图和地理信息系统（GIS）之后的新一代地理分析工具,在地理空间认知方面具有显著优势,但目前相关研究尚处于概念探讨和框架搭建阶段,缺乏对地理空间认知内涵及相关技术方法的论述和研究。本文以经典的地理学6问题求解为导向,从地理本体认知、地理过程认知和地理行为认知3个层次,阐述了VGEs地理空间认知的内涵和基本内容;进一步重点探讨了实现VGEs地理空间认知的相关技术方法,包括城市空间表达与城市计算、多模式人机交互、地理知识图谱与空间推理、地理过程模拟、地理行为模式识别与情感计算等方面。以重庆为例开展了应用案例实践,展示了如何利用相关技术方法实现对地理环境和地理空间对象的认知和理解。本文提出的总体框架和技术体系为VGEs地理空间认知的深入开展和技术实现提供了新的思路和解决方案,有助于将该项工作从理论探讨阶段推向技术实现阶段。     

The unresolved controversy over nuclear power: A new approach from complexity theory

We explore the controversy over nuclear power by looking at the plurality of narratives that have emerged throughout its history. We find a lack of consistency between the visions of nuclear power put forward by governments and industry and the experience associated with economic viability, nuclear accidents, waste handling, and so on. We use the conceptual tool of holon from complexity theory to provide a link between the models used for the governance of nuclear power and the realization of those models. The analysis of the holon over time reveals a systemic inconsistency between the way in which the story about nuclear energy is told and the experience gained after implementing nuclear energy according to the story. This inconsistency is due to the incompatible levels of observation used by different social actors endorsing different perspectives. The implementation of nuclear power has been based on the engineering view, focusing on the functioning of the nuclear power plant considered in abstraction from the wider implications of the adoption of this technology on the environment, on the economy, and on society. We cross-check this narrative with the societal metabolism view in order to provide a long term perspective of the interdependencies between nuclear power and the complex socio-economic system in which it is embedded. We conclude that the controversy over nuclear power may be treated as a problem of contrasting beliefs and normative values in clear disjunction from experience. The analysis presented in this paper suggests that more attention should be given to the quality of the narratives used in policy making.     

数字城市地理空间框架城乡规划管理信息系统的设计与应用研究

本文研究在数字城市地理空间框架相关成果的基础上,通过共享地理信息公共平台基础地理数据,提出城乡规划一张图数据库组织结构及建设标准,在共享联合的基础上实现规划项目管理信息化、规划业务审批电子化、规划决策管理一体化的建设思路与方法,并以数字黄冈地理空间框架城乡规划管理信息系统建设为示范进行系统实践应用,替代有纯文本的办公环境,以一体化的数据管理方式为规划审批与决策提供信息化手段与支持。