现代地图科学与地理信息工程科学技术的成就和任务

回顾了地图科学与地理信息工程科学技术的发展进程．总结了地图科学与地理信息工程科学技术的主要成就，分析了它给予经济建设、国防建设、社会发展和人类文明进步的贡献。剖析了地图科学与地理信息工程科学技术面临的挑战；探讨了地图科学与地理信息工程科学技术的任务。     

Transboundary biodiversity conservation of the Pha Taem Protected Forest Complex: A bioregional approach

With the financial assistance from the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO), the Thailand's Royal Forest Department (RFD) has initiated a strategy for cooperation in transboundary biodiversity conservation with Cambodia and Laos. The Pha Taem Protected Forest Complex (PPFC) in northeastern region was chosen as a pilot project because of the increasing pressure on biodiversity from illegal trade in plants and wildlife across the tri-national borders. The PPFC covers five protected areas in Thailand and adjoins the Phouxeingthong National Biodiversity Conservation Area (NCBA) in Laos and the Cambodia's Protected Forest for Conservation of Genetic Resources of Plants and Wildlife. Two important outputs derived from the project phase I (2001–2004) were a long-term management plan in a framework of transboundary biodiversity conservation and initiative cooperation between the three countries. Cooperation is achieved at certain level and Laos is reluctant to nominate the Phouxeingthong NBCA for inclusion in the project's second phase. In addition, forest cover in buffer zone has been encroached for agricultural practices. The ecological management zones using bioregional approach was developed to provide a framework for transboundary biodiversity conservation in the adjoining protected forests and reducing the conflict of resource uses by local residents in the buffer zone.     

我国地震地下流体科学40年探索历程回顾

通过回顾40年来中国大陆地震地下流体科学研究与实践的发展历程,总结了早期在该领域具启迪性的研究工作和主要成果。纵观历史,无论是观测技术和理论方法的创新,还是对各种参量的观测分析以及预测方法的研究,地震地下流体科学都与地震监测预报这一关键需求紧密相关。地下流体观测网建设的历史沿革表明,对强地震的监测与预测需求推进了观测网的建设和发展;观测技术的发展过程体现出基于多手段、综合性和数字化的趋势;地下流体理论与前兆机理的研究成果表明,前兆模型(或模式)、数值模拟、室内和野外实验研究等是推进学科创新工作的主要技术途径;地震预测方法的研究成果体现出探索基于具有物理基础的预报技术,以及重视实用性与科学性相统一的思想;预测实践证明,地下流体学科在我国大陆地震预测实践中发挥着重要作用。文章最后介绍了本学科主要的论著及技术规范,简要回顾了不同的历史发展阶段、有关学术团体和专家对地下流体学科主要科学问题的认识以及该学科的重点发展方向。     

SuperMap Object在地震灾害预估中应用浅析

用基于易损性矩阵基础上的城市震害预估方法，计算调整损失比后的经济损失，其中包括等震线模型、城市震害模型及建筑物直接经济损失模型等的设计与实现，并针对我国城市的具体情况，编制了一套《城市震害预估及房屋易损性矩阵数据库实时更新软件》，为我国震害预估技术的深层次开发打下坚实的基础。     

西南科大西部滑坡形成机制分析及稳定性评价

在西南科技大学新校区建设中,由于人工平整场地开挖而形成临空面,引起污染控制中心西部的滑坡发生。为确保污染控制中心的安全和工程治理提供设计依据,文章通过对滑坡区地形地貌、气象水文、地层岩性、地质构造及水文地质条件等地质环境的分析,以及基于滑坡体、滑面(带)、滑床及变形等特征的阐述,对其稳定性和形成机制做出了定性分析。结果表明:该滑坡的形成是在以岩土体物理力学性质、特殊的地形地貌条件为主控因素与以人工开挖坡脚、地下水及大气降水作用为诱发因素的共同作用下,致使该滑坡目前仍处于蠕滑变形阶段。另外,采用分段传递系数法对滑坡的稳定性进行了定量评价。结果为:天然状态下,整体稳定性相对较好,处于暂时稳定状态。但在滑坡前缘的次级地带仍处于缓慢活动状态。这与滑坡的现状基本相符,也使定性评价得到了验证。饱水状态下,稳定性系数大幅度下降,滑坡的稳定性差,表明在持续饱水或降雨的条件下发生斜坡整体失稳。同时,两种工况条件下的稳定性系数相差较大,说明滑带土的内摩擦角和粘聚力对稳定性系数影响较大,也提出了相应的治理措施。     

Monitoring of protected bands of Terkos drinking water reservoir of metropolitan Istanbul near the Black Sea coast using satellite data

In this study, remote sensing (RS) with computer-based geographic information systems (GIS) techniques are used as a tool for monitoring the water basin area and water quality in Istanbul's relatively less polluted and comparatively less destroyed catchment of the metropolis drinking water dam reservoir named Terkos. It is necessary to work with recent data to be able to identify the effects of urbanization on the water quality of the Terkos dam catchment area that supplies drinking water to the metropolis. RS is an important tool to monitor water quality and urban terrain. For this aim, a project has been initiated at the Technical University Remote Sensing Laboratory, under the Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (ISKI) sponsorship in Istanbul. The project uses SPOT-PAN, XS and IRS-1C/D PAN and satellite data of 1993 and 2000 for urban analysis and Landsat-TM and LISS-III satellite data of 1992 and 2000 for water quality. For calibration and validation, ground truth samples are collected from the experimental area. The RS data was converted into the UTM coordinate system and image enhancement and classification techniques are used. Raster data is converted to vector data to assess the study area for analyzing in GIS for the purpose of planning and decision-making on protected water basin zones. As a result of monitoring land use and water quality changes, recommendations are made for planning and management of the protected environment of the Terkos catchment protected area. Measuring land use change is a very important issue for controlling the future development of the basin, GIS techniques are performed and results are illustrated in established models on the four protected zones of Terkos water basin.     

Quality of service management framework for dynamic chaining of geographic information services

Dynamic chaining of geographic information services (geo-services) is gaining popularity as a new paradigm for evolving flexible geo-information systems and for providing on-demand access to geo-information. In dynamic chaining, disparate geo-services are discovered and composed at run time to yield more elaborate functionality and create value-added geo-information. Common approaches to service chaining discover and compose disparate geo-services based on the functional capability of individual geo-services. The primary concern of common approaches is thus the emergent behavior of the resulting composite geo-service. However, as geo-services become mundane and take on a greater and more strategic role in mission critical processes, deliverable quality of service (QoS) becomes an important concern. QoS concerns operational characteristics of a service that determine its utility in an application context. To address pertinent QoS requirements, a new approach to service chaining becomes necessary. In this paper we propose a QoS-aware chaining approach in which geo-services are discovered, composed and executed considering both functional and QoS requirements. We prescribe a QoS management framework that defines fundamental principles, concepts and mechanisms which can be applied to evolve an effective distributed computing platform for QoS-aware chaining of geo-services – the so-called geo-service infrastructure. The paper also defines an extensible QoS model for services delivered by dynamic compositions of geo-services. The process of orthophoto generation is used to demonstrate the applicability of the prescribed framework to service-oriented geographic information processing.     

A comparison of drainage networks derived from digital elevation models at two scales

Automated generation of drainage networks has become increasingly popular with powerful analytical functions in geographic information systems (GIS) and with the increased availability of digital elevation models (DEMs). This paper compares drainage networks derived from DEMs at two scales, 1:250 000 (250K) and 1:24 000 (24K), using various drainage parameters common in hydrology and geomorphology. The comparison of parameters derived from the 250K DEMs with those from the 24K DEMs in 20 basins ranging from 150 to 1000 km² in West Virginia shows that the goodness-of-fit between parameter estimates based on the DEMs varies. Results clearly show that superior estimations are produced from the 24K DEMs. Better estimates can be obtained from the 250K DEMs for stream length and frequency parameters than for gradient parameters. However, the estimation of the mean gradient parameters based on the 250K DEMs seems to improve with increasing terrain complexity. Finally, basin size does not strongly affect the accuracy of parameter estimates based on the 250K DEMs.     

GIS在地震灾害调查中的应用

本文首先讨论了地理信息系统在灾害研究中应用的现状和特点，然后着重介绍了日本孤神地震后震害地理信息系统建立的过程及其功能。     

地理信息系统在煤炭生产中的应用研究──煤矿地质测量信息系统（CMGIS）的开发

应用地理信息系统理论、技术和方法，针对煤炭生产管理中的地质测量问题，研究开发了煤矿地质测量信息系统（ＣＭＧＩＳ）。在分析ＣＭＧＩＳ系统目标的基础上，确立了符合煤炭生产管理实际需要的系统硬件配置和逻辑结构，着重论述了ＣＭＧＩＳ的软件组成及系统功能。ＣＭＧＩＳ较其它应用系统具有较强的图形功能，能较好地解决煤矿地质测量成图问题。